基于PLC的立体仓库堆垛机控制系统设计

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自动化专业毕业设计任务书

一、 设计题目:基于PLC的立体仓库堆垛机控制系统设计 二、毕业设计的目的

1.设计一个立体仓库堆垛机控制系统;

2.水平移动、垂直移动及伸叉机机构分别由220W 的三相交流异步电动机、200W 的单相交流异步电动机和二相混合式步进电机驱动;

3.上述电机由西门子S7-226型PLC控制,其中水平移动、垂直移动由PLC通过变频器控制,步进电机由步进驱动模块进行自动控制。

三、主要设计内容

1.变频调速系统设计; 2.货叉伸缩控制;

3.PLC控制程序编写与调试;

四、重点研究问题

PLC控制,确定设计方案,完成各功能单元的结构设计,参数计算和元件选择。

五、主要技术指标或主要设计参数

堆垛机运行的速度范围: 水平方向:2m/min-360m/min; 垂直方向:2m/min-80m/min; 货叉: 2m/min-60m/min

六、设计成果要求

1.毕业设计论文要求字数为10000—15000字,论文格式参照华北水利水电学院关于本科毕业设计论文格式要求;

2.系统电气原理图,要求用0#图纸(按国标要求绘制); 3.各部分环节的工作原理及调试故障分析及排除方法; 4.毕业设计论文内插图必须用电脑制作;

I华北水利水电学院毕业设计说明书

基于PLC的立体仓库堆垛机控制系统设计

摘 要

在现代的物流仓储系统中,自动化立体仓库应用日益广泛。而堆垛机是立体仓库的关

键组成部分,堆垛机性能的优劣对整个立体仓库的运行起到至关重要的作用,所以设计与开发自动化程度较高的堆垛机控制系统成为当前立体仓库的发展趋势,开展与此有关的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文基于现代物流技术的应用和发展要求,介绍自动化立体仓库的应用及其功能和作用,结合现代科技的发展,着重研究自动化立体仓库堆垛机控制系统的控制技术。本文详细阐述了本控制系统的设计思想,以及整个系统的硬件实现和软件设计。

论文依据立体仓库的有关设计参数,对堆垛机电气控制的硬件系统进行了设计,为了提高堆垛机的性能,本文采用了转速、位置反馈的双闭环控制,以满足系统的调速要求。系统的水平认址采用激光测距传感器定位,垂直认址采用光电开关和认址片组合定位。变频调速系统由S7-226PLC及其扩展模块EM235通过变频器MM440控制交流电动机,采用光电编码器反馈转速信号,实现转速闭环控制。货叉伸叉系统由S7-226PLC通过步进电动机驱动器SH-20403控制二相混合式步进电动机。根据系统的控制要求进行了PLC、变频器、电机和电机驱动器的选型,并给出了系统的硬件接线图,然后利用西门子的编程软件step7设计了堆垛机控制程序。

关键词 自动化立体仓库, 堆垛机, PLC

I

II华北水利水电学院毕业设计说明书

Abstract

In modern logistics warehousing systems, automated storage is increasingly widespread. Hay stackers are the key equipments, Performance of the stacker plays an important role. Design and Development of a higher degree of automation Stacker Control System become Warehouse trend of development, Therefore related research has important theory and application value. This paper introduces application and performance of automated High-rise Warehouse basing on application and development requirement of modern logistics techniques. And puts emphasis on the researching of control techniques in automated High-rise Warehouse stacker combining modern science and techniques. This paper elaborated on the design of the system of control, as well as the implementation of the system's hardware and the design of the software.

Based on the parameter related to the automated storage, this paper presented the hardware system of stacker electrical control. Speed of the stacker was the basic. In order to improve the performance of the stacker, the system adopts the speed, position, double feedback control. The horizontal recognize addresses of system using laser rangefinder sensor positioning, and vertical recognition using photoelectric switches and address piece combination addressing. Speed-adjusted system by S7-226PLC and its extension module EM235 through transducer MM440 control ac motor. Goods fork system is by S7-226PLC binary system through stepping motor driver SH - 20403 control two-phase hybrid stepping motor. According to the requirements of the control system, this paper completed the selection of PLC,frequency converter, the motor and its controller. And presents the system hardware hookup. Then use the software of Siemens step7 designs the stacker control procedures.

Key Words: Automated Storage and Retrieval System, Stacker, PLC

II

1华北水利水电学院毕业设计说明书

目 录

摘 要 ................................................................................................................................................ I Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 绪论 ................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 自动化立体仓库的概述......................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 自动化立体仓库的组成 ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 自动化立体仓库的优点 ............................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 自动化立体仓库的发展 ............................................................................................... 2 1.2 堆垛机概述 .......................................................................................................................... 3

1.2.1 堆垛机的发展 ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 堆垛机技术的研究现状 ............................................................................................... 3 1.3 本文研究的主要内容 ............................................................................................................ 4

第二章 堆垛机控制系统的硬件设计 ........................................................................................... 5

2.1 控制技术要求和系统总体设计 .............................................................................................. 5 2.2 堆垛机位置控制 ................................................................................................................... 7

2.2.1 定位控制 .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 认址检测方式 ............................................................................................................. 8 2.2.3 认址方式确认 ............................................................................................................. 9 2.2.4 堆垛机速度曲线分析..................................................................................................10 2.3 PLC及资源配置 ................................................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 S7-200系列PLC概述 ................................................................................................. 11 2.3.2 CPU型号选择 ............................................................................................................12 2.3.3 PLC模块选型 ..........................................................................................................13 2.4 堆垛机变频调速系统设计 ....................................................................................................14

2.4.1 变频器的选型 ............................................................................................................14 2.4.2 水平方向变频调速系统设计 .......................................................................................15 2.4.3 垂直方向变频调速系统设计 .......................................................................................17 2.5 堆垛机货叉控制系统设计 ....................................................................................................19

2华北水利水电学院毕业设计说明书

2.6 安全检测传感器的应用........................................................................................................20 2.7 元器件的选型......................................................................................................................21 2.8 通信方案的确定 ..................................................................................................................22 2.9 输入输出点分配 ..................................................................................................................23 2.10 本章小节 ...........................................................................................................................24

第三章 堆垛机控制程序设计 ................................................................................................... 25

3.1 堆垛机自检和复位/归位程序 ................................................................................................27

3.1.1 堆垛机自检程序.........................................................................................................27 3.1.2 堆垛机复位/归位程序.................................................................................................28 3.2 自动方式下的堆垛机运行控制 .............................................................................................29

3.2.1 列向运行PLC程序实现 .............................................................................................29 3.2.2 行向运行PLC程序实现 .............................................................................................31 3.2.3 货叉伸缩控制PLC程序实现 ......................................................................................32 3.3 手动方式下的堆垛机运行控制 .............................................................................................34 3.4 本章小节.............................................................................................................................35

总结 ............................................................................................................................................... 36 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................................... 37 致 谢 ............................................................................................................................................. 38 附录一 外文翻译 ....................................................................................................................... 39 附录二 堆垛机入库作业流程图 ............................................................................................... 48

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