英语四级翻译题语法总结

翻译

1.考题特点

①考点的生活化 Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛). decided to quit the match

They requested that ____________(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library I (should) return the book I borrowed to the library ②考题的重复性：考点直接重复

Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________ (找到去历史博物馆的路). 答案：finding the way/road to the History Museum.

Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty __________________ (集中注意力在实验上).(in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experiment.

Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _________很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates ②考题的重复性：考点与题干重复

I am going to pursue this course, ________ （无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求).

The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite __________________ (她父母的强烈反对). ③考点的陷阱性

Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _____________________ (如果你方便的话). if you are convenient for you (×)

答案：if it is convenient for you 应对策略：切忌逐字翻译 B超：The B is super.

George called his boss from the airport but it __________________ (接电话的却是他的助手).

was his assistant who answered the phone.

By contrast, American mothers were more likely _______ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent 两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe…to /attribute…to 答案：to attribute/ owe their children’s success to 宏观两大考点： ①核心语法 1.被动

Though a skilled worker, __________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. 第一步：由Though a skilled worker, last week because of the economic crisis.可以推出，划线处应该补全完整主句，时态由last week确定为一般过去时态。 第二步：1.切块翻译：“解雇”= be fired(注意被动)；“他”=he；“公司”=company 重新组合： [正确答案]：he was fired by the company Fire——>dismiss

Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research ____________ (能应用于新技术的开发). 考点：固定搭配和被动语态（1）“apply to” （2）can be applied to the development of the new technology

The magnificent museum _______(据说建成于) about a hundred years ago. 【结构分析】主语为the significant museum，谓语 ——>（据说建成于）about a hundred years ago为时间状语。

【考点】①被动语态: 主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这一动作发生在

过去。②据说 be said to；be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。【答案】：is said to have been built 2.定语从句

定从翻译步骤：a.写出正确简单句，并确定中心话题(名词)b.中心话题后加入定从，关系词： who/ whose / which / where / when；若关系词在从句中做宾语，可省略。

The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ______________ (我们可以合作的领域).

第一步：浏览句子，判定考点：定语从句，第二步：1. 补充完成主句，注意单复数 ?. the field, 2. 完成定语从句写作：判定动词, 切块翻译

答案：the field where we can cooperate或者：the field in which we can cooperate They requested that __________(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. books (that I borrowed) should be returned to the library 3.名词性从句 a.宾语从句

Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life________（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn. 衡量：measure

错误答案：is measured by how much can they borrow. 正确答案：is measured by how much they can borrow. b.主语从句

____________(大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. 所字结构= what从句（what在从句中作宾语）答案：What most parents are concerned about _____________(很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.

正确答案：What many people don’t realize使字结构= what 从句（what在从句中做主语） _____________________(给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. What impressed tourists the most 4.状语从句

状语从句：让步、时间、条件、目的、原因、地点、结果、方式和比较 小重点：让步状语从句

a. no matter + what/ who/ when/ where/how what/ who/ when/ where/ how + ever

区分：有逗号= no matter what无逗号= whatever

I am going to pursue this course,________________________（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）. 参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make Leaving one’s job, __________ (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.

【解析】第一步：待译内容是让步状语(从句)。“不管是什么”可以译作no matter what或whatever第二步：切块（翻译）组合：no matter what job it is no matter what the job is whatever job it is

______________(无论谁在这抽烟)will be punished. (主语从句) 答案：Whoever smokes here（不能用no matter who） 5.倒装

在英语中,主语和谓语有两种顺序: 一是主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序( Natural Order ).反之,如果谓语在主语前面,就是倒装语序( Inverted Order )

倒装原因：语法结构的需要；强调。

倒装语序包括全部倒装（full inversion）和部分倒装（partial inversion） 部分(半)倒装:(一般疑问句语序)

a. 表否定的副词或短语位于句首，主句半倒装

I will never agree.——>Never will I agree——>Hardly can I agree.

not until, never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, neither, little, in no case(决不),

此外：on no account, by no means, rarely, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), neither ?(nor), no sooner?(than), hardly?(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not only?but also。

Not only _____________ (他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 正常语序：he charged me too much

答案：did he charge me too much或者是did he overcharge me

The manager never laughed; neither ___________(她也从来没有发过脾气) did she lose her temper. 或者did she become angry. 虚拟语气

a1. (should)+动词原形的情形:表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”名词性从句：

动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等。 3.The professor required that _______ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.

第一步：由The professor required that_____ ,可以推出，划线处应该填写句子，并且是虚拟语气。第二步：1.切块对应翻译：“交”= hand in； “研究报告”=research reports（名词注意单复数）； “我们”we 重新组合：we (should) hand in （submit） our research reports b. if或but for等引导的条件

区别：if 引导从句。but for= without: 加名词、代词、动名词 b1: if引导的虚拟语气 条件从句 结果主句 would+动词原形 would have done 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词(had done) 与将来事实相反 一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动would(should)+动词原形 词原形 1.与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would/ might do---] 如果我爸是李刚，我相撞谁撞谁。

If my father were Li Gang, I would collide with anyone I like.

2.与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would/ might have done---] 如果我生于比尔盖茨家族，我将会买好几辆公交车。

If I had been born in Bill Gates’, I would have bought several buses as my private cars. 3.与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should/were to do---, ---+ would/ should do---] 假如世界末日在2012年到来，我会?

If the doomsday were to come in 2012, I would

3.The victim _______(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.

第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。 第二步：1.切块对应翻译：

“本来有机会------”= would have a chance to do sth， “活下来”=survive 重新组合：would have had a chance to survive.

b2. but for/without=if it were not for…/if it had not been for…

There would be no life on earth ____________(没有地球独特的环境). without its unique environment或者是but for its unique environment c.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 were或动词的一般过去 Had done或would/could have done 将来没有把握或不太可能实would/should (could, might)+动词原形 现的愿望 C.2. If only（但愿）与wish 情况类似（从句分三种情况）：wish 均可用If only 代之，含义大致相同。

如：Xiao Qiang wishes I were with him in CET-4.——> If only Sky were with XQ. 语法考点：比较级

1. Since my childhood I have found that ____（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）（06.12） 答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading

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