2022年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合之语言学教

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目录

2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合[专业硕士]之语言学教程考研冲刺狂背五套题

（一） ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合[专业硕士]之语言学教程考研冲刺狂背五套题

（二） ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合[专业硕士]之语言学教程考研冲刺狂背五套题

（三） ................................................................................................................................... 11 2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合[专业硕士]之语言学教程考研冲刺狂背五套题

（四） ................................................................................................................................... 17 2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合[专业硕士]之语言学教程考研冲刺狂背五套题

（五） (22)

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第 2 页，共 26 页 2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合[专业硕士]之语言学教程考研冲刺狂背

五套题（一）

说明：本套狂背五套题按照考研侧重点和出题难度，严格筛选提取了历年考试高频核心试题及重点题型，更突出针对性和实战性，适用于考研冲刺最后狂背。

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一、Multiple-Choice

1． “Socrates is a man ” is a case of （ ）.

A.two-place predicate

B.one-place predicate

C.two-place argument

D.one-place argument

【答案】B

【解析】这句话中，谓词是man ,论元是Socrates 。可见只有一个论元，所以是一元谓词。

2． The （ ）is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms of speech acts together with the language items needed for them.

A.structural syllabus

B.situational syllabus

C.notional syllabus

D.functional syllabus

【答案】B

【解析】在情景教学大纲中，语言内容是根据言语行为和所需的语言来进行组织的，其目的是要具体区分目的 语使用的不同场景，语言的选择和组织都是以情景为线索的。

3． In English ,（ ） and （ ） are often expressed by subject and object.

A.theme and rhyme

B.theme and predicate

C.predicate and object

D.subject and predicate

【答案】A

【解析】较早提出主位和述位概念的是布拉格学派创始人之一马泰休斯。主位和述位通常指主语和谓语，但主位结构分析属于语义分析，而主语一谓语一补语分析属于结构分析。

4． In the following sentences , which is not a metonymy?（ ）

A. The sax has the flu today.

B.Watergate changed American politics.

C.Wall Street is in a panic.

D.She is the apple in her parents? eyes.

【答案】D

【解析】其他三句为转喻，D 为暗语。

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第 3 页，共 26 页 5． When the word “root ” means “part of plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil ”，the meaning is （ ） meaning.

A.connotative

B.conceptual

C.reflected

【答案】B

【解析】概念意义指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容，题中对“root”的解释正是此项。

6． The history of English is usually pided intomajor periods.（ ）

A.three

B.four

C.five

D.two

【答案】A

【解析】英语语言的发展历史一般分为三个阶段：古英语阶段、中世纪英语阶段和现代英语阶段。因此，本题的正确答案为A 。

二、Synthesis

7． Why is the distinction between competence and performance important in linguistics? Do you think the line can be neatly drawn between them? How do you like the concept communicative competence?

【答案】 This is proposed by Chomsky in his formalist linguistic theories. It is sometimes hard to draw a strict line. Some researchers in applied linguistics think communicative competence may be a more revealing concept in language teaching than the purely theoretical pair —competence and performance.

8． What is the essence of Functional Sentence Perspective （FSP ） ?

【答案】

FSP is a theory that refers to a linguistic analysis of utterances （or texts ） in terms of the information they contain. The principle is that the role of each utterance part is evaluated for its semantic contribution to the whole. From a functional point of view , some Czechoslovak linguists believed that a sentence contains a point of departure and a goal of discourse. The point of departure is equally present to the speaker and to the hearer which it is their rallying point , the ground on which they meet. This is called the Theme. The goal of discourse presents the very information that is to be imparted to the hearer. This is called the Rheme. It is believed that the movement from the Theme to the Rheme reveals the movement of the mind itself. Language may use different syntactic structures , but the order of ideas remains basically the same. Based on these observations , they created the notion of Functional Sentence Perspective （FSP ） to describe how information is distributed in sentences. FSP deals particularly with the effect of the distribution of known （or given ） information and new information in discourse. The known information refers to information that is not new to the reader or hearer , and the new information is what is to he transmitted to the reader or hearer.

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第 4 页，共 26 页 9． Basing yourself on the model of componential analysis , analyze the following words teacher , typewriter , chopsticks

【答案】 Teacher : human , knowledgeable , instructive , respectable Typewriter : machine , typewriting Chopsticks : pair , eat , tool

10．Identify the immediate etymological source of the following words. （For example , the immediate source of “meaning ” is French , although the more remote source is Latin.）

（a ） air （b ） barbecue （c ） bungalow （d ） cola （e ） gusto

（f ） babel （g ） buffalo （h ）cocoa （i ） costume （j ） ill

（k ） mule （1） decreed （ m ） revolution （n ） benevolent

（o ） lie （p ） topic （q ） subject （r ） theme

（s ） wind （t ） datum

【答案】（a ）Middle English （b ）American Spanish （c ）Hindi and Urdu

（d ）African origin （e ） Spanish

（f ） Hebrew （The Bible ） （g ） Italian （ h ） Spanish

（i ）French （j ）Middle English （k ）Middle English

（1）Middle English （m ）Middle English （n ）Middle English

（o ）Middle English （p ）Latin （q ） Middle English

（r ） Middle English （s ） Middle English （t ） Latin

11．What does psycholinguistics study and what are the subjects of it?

【答案】 Psycholinguistics is the study of psychological aspects of language ; it usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language. Most problems in psycholinguistics are more concrete , involving the study of .language acquisition especially in children and linguistic performance such as producing and comprehending utterances or sentences among adults. An important focus of psycholinguistics is the largely unconscious application of grammatical rules that enable people to produce and comprehend intelligible sentences. Psycholinguists investigate the relationship between language and thought , a perennial subject of debate being whether language is a function of thinking or thought is a function of the use of language. Psycholinguistics is also concerned with how languages are learned , and the role they play in our thinking.

As an interdisciplinary study of language and psychology , psycholinguistics has its roots in structural linguistics on the one hand , and in cognitive psychology on the other hand. It is also closely related to a set of other disciplines , such as anthropology , or the neurosciences. The work of Chomsky and other proponents of transformational grammar have had a marked influence on the field. In the 1960s and early 1970s numerous psychologists and linguists used the transformational-generative model proposed by Chomsky to discover how children come to know the grammatical processes that underlie the speech they hear and to investigate the processing and comprehension of language ; spoken or written. And now , psycholinguistics has been turning increasingly to other functionally related and socially oriented models of language structure , Experts use experiments to investigate such topics as short- term and long term memory , perceptual strategies , speech perception based on linguistic models , the brain activity involved in language use , and language impaired due to brain damage , cognition and language.

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