网络管理技术实践-路由技术(2013-04-12)-10网络使用

目 录

实验六 静态路由配置......................................2

实验七 RIPv2路由协议基本配置............................5

实验八OSPF单区域配置.....................................9

实验九 路由器与三层交换机组网的OSPF配置.................13

实验六 静态路由配置

1实验目的

理解静态路由的工作原理，掌握如何配置静态的路由。

2实验要求

两台路由器通过以太网口连接在一起，并在每个路由器上设置2个loopback端口模拟子网及静态路由，实现所有子网间的互通。

3实验拓扑

4思考题

归纳总结静态路由的配置方法与要点，分析静态路由表。

5实验配置

⑴RouterA的名称、接口IP地址和时钟的配置

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname RouterA

RouterA(config)#interface fa1/1

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown RouterA(config-if)#exit

%设置LOOPBACK端口用于测试

RouterA(config)#interface loopback 0

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA(config)#interface loopback 1

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0

RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA(config)#

%配置静态路由 RouterA(config)#ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2

%设置到子网10.1.1.0的静态路由，采用下一跳的方式

RouterA(config)#ip route 10.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 fa1/1

%设置到子网10.2.2.0的静态路由，采用出站端口的方式

⑵RuterB的配置的名称、接口IP地址配置

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname RouterB

RouterB(config)#interface fa1/1

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

RouterB(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterB(config-if)#exit

%设置loopback端口用于测试

RouterB(config)#interface loopback 0

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

RouterB(config-if)#exit

RouterB(config)#interface loopback 1

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 RouterB(config-if)#exit

%设置到子网10.1.1.0的静态路由，采用下一跳的方式 RouterB(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

%设置到子网10.2.2.0的静态路由，采用出站端口的方式

RouterB(config)#ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 fa1/1

RouterB(config)#exit

6实验测试

⑴查看路由表和接口配置

①查看RouterA

RouterA#show ip route

······

S 10.1.1.0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2

S 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets %可以看到以下一跳方式和以出站端口方式配置的静态路由，在路由表中的显示方式是不一样的。

······

RouterA#show interface fa1/1

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)

······

②查看RouterB

RouterB#show ip route

······

S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.1

S 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 ······

RouterB#show interface fa0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)

······

⑵测试网络连通性

RouterA#ping 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/37/62 ms

RouterA#ping 10.2.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.2.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms

RouterB#ping 172.16.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms

RouterB#ping 172.16.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms

⑶查看参考配置

routerA#show running-config

实验七 RIPv2路由协议基本配置

1实验目的

掌握如何在路由器上配置RIPv2路由协议。

2实验要求

两台路由器通过快速以太网端口连接在一起，每个路由器上设置2个loopback端口模拟子网，在所有端口运行RIP路由协议，实现所有子网间的互通。

3实验拓扑

4思考题

归纳总结RIP的配置方法与要点，配置完成后禁用某些端口观察RIP协议包交换情况，分析RIP路由表。

5实验配置

⑴RouterA的名称、接口IP地址的配置

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname RouterA

RouterA(config)#interface fa1/1

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown RouterA(config-if)#exit

%设置LOOPBACK端口用于测试

RouterA(config)#interface loopback 0

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA(config)#interface loopback 1

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0

RouterA(config-if)#exit

%启用RIPv2路由协议

RouterA(config)#router rip

RouterA(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

RouterA(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0

RouterA(config-router)#version 2

RouterA(config-router)#exit

RouterA(config)#

⑵RuterB的配置的名称、接口IP地址的配置

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname RouterB

RouterB(config)#interface f0/0

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

RouterB(config-if)#no shutdown RouterB(config-if)#exit

%设置LOOPBACK端口用于测试

RouterB(config)#interface loopback 0

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

RouterB(config-if)#exit

RouterB(config)#interface loopback 1

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 RouterB(config-if)#exit

%启用RIPv2路由协议

RouterB(config)#router rip

RouterB(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

RouterB(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

RouterB(config-router)#version 2

RouterB(config-router)#exit

RouterB(config)#

6实验测试

⑴查看RIP配置信息，路由表

查看RouterA

RouterA#show ip route

R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet1/1

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

RouterA#show ip rip database

10.0.0.0/8 [1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet1/1

172.16.1.0/24 directly connected, Loopback0

172.16.2.0/24 directly connected, Loopback1

192.168.1.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet1/1

查看RouterB

RouterB#show ip route

C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

R 172.16.0.0/16 is possibly down, routing via 192.168.1.1, FastEthernet1/1

R 172.16.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:09, FastEthernet1/1

R 172.16.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:09, FastEthernet1/1

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

RouterB#show ip rip database

10.1.1.0/24 directly connected, Loopback0

10.2.2.0/24 directly connected, Loopback1

172.16.0.0/16 [16] is possibly down, via 192.168.1.1, 00:04:51, FastEthernet0/0

172.16.1.0/24 [1] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernet1/1

172.16.2.0/24 [1] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernet1/1

192.168.1.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

⑵关闭自动路由汇总

RouterA (config)#router rip

RouterA (config-router)#no auto-summary

RouterA (config-router)#end

RouterB (config)#router rip

RouterB (config-router)#no auto-summary

RouterB (config-router)#end

⑶测试网络连通性

RouterA #ping 10.1.1.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

< press Ctrl+C to break >

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

RouterA #ping 10.2.2.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 10.2.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

< press Ctrl+C to break >

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

RouterB #ping 172.16.1.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

< press Ctrl+C to break >

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

RouterB #ping 172.16.2.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

< press Ctrl+C to break >

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

实验八OSPF单区域配置

1实验目的

配置OSPF单区域实验，实现简单的OSPF配置

2实验要求

在以下拓扑图中，使用OSPF路由协议学习路由信息，并且使用的是单区域，所有的路由器都在区域0中。

3实验拓扑

4思考题

归纳总结OSPF的配置方法与要点，配置过程以及完成后禁用某些端口观察OSPF协议包交换情况，分析OSPF路由表的组成。

5实验配置

⑴RA的配置

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.252

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface loopback 0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.9 255.255.255.248

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#router ospf 10

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

Router(config-router)#exit

⑵RB的配置

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.252

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface f0/1

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.224

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#router ospf 10

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.31 area 0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

Router(config-router)#exit

⑶RC的配置

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.224

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface loopback 0

Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.33 255.255.255.240

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface loopback 1

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.65 255.255.255.192

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#router ospf 10

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.31 area 0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.10.32 0.0.0.15 area 0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.63 area 0

Router(config-router)#exit

6实验测试

⑴验证路由器RA

RouterA#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status

Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up

FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down

Loopback0 192.168.30.9 YES manual up up

Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down RouterA#show ip route

O 192.168.10.0/27 [110/2] via 192.168.20.2, 00:20:29, FastEthernet0/0

O 192.168.10.33/32 [110/3] via 192.168.20.2, 00:06:36, FastEthernet0/0

O 92.168.10.65/32 [110/3] via 192.168.20.2, 00:05:50, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 192.168.30.8 is directly connected, Loopback0

验证路由器RB

RouterB#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.2 YES manual up up

FastEthernet0/1 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up

Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down

Router#show ip route

C 192.168.10.0/27 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O 192.168.10.33/32 [110/2] via 192.168.10.2, 00:07:49, FastEthernet0/1

O 192.168.10.65/32 [110/2] via 192.168.10.2, 00:07:49, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 192.168.30.9 [110/2] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:46, FastEthernet0/0

Router#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

192.168.30.9 1 FULL/DR 00:00:31 192.168.20.1 FastEthernet0/0

192.168.10.65 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:31 192.168.10.2 FastEthernet0/1

⑵验证路由器RC

RouterC#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 192.168.10.2 YES manual up up

FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down

Loopback0 192.168.10.33 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.10.65 YES manual up up

Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down

Router#show ip route

192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 3 masks

C 192.168.10.0/27 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.10.32/28 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 192.168.10.64/26 is directly connected, Loopback1

192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.20.0 [110/2] via 192.168.10.1, 00:09:06, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.30.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.30.9 [110/3] via 192.168.10.1, 00:02:08, FastEthernet0/0

实验九 路由器与三层交换机组网的OSPF配置

1实验目的

掌握在由器与三层交换机组网的OSPF配置。

2实验要求

需要在路由器和交换机上配置OSPF路由协议，使全网互通，从而实现信息的共享和传递。

3实验拓扑

Fa0/2

Fa0/1

4思考题

归纳总结路由器与三层交换机的互联方法。

5实验配置

⑴三层交换的配置

%划分VLAN以及配置IP地址

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname L3-SW

L3-SW(config)#vlan 10

L3-SW(config-vlan)#exit

L3-SW(config)#vlan 50

L3-SW(config-vlan)#exit

L3-SW(config)#interface f0/1

L3-SW(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

L3-SW(config-if)#exit

L3-SW(config)#interface f0/2

L3-SW(config-if)#switchport access vlan 50

L3-SW(config-if)#exit

L3-SW(config)#interface vlan 10

L3-SW(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0

L3-SW(config-if)#no shutdown

L3-SW(config-if)#exit

L3-SW(config)#interface vlan 50

L3-SW(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0

L3-SW(config-if)#no shutdown L3-SW(config-if)#exit

%配置OSPF路由协议

L3-SW(config)#router ospf 1

L3-SW(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

L3-SW(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

L3-SW(config-router)#end

L3-SW#

⑵路由器的配置 ①RouterA的配置：

%配置端口的IP地址

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#interface f0/1

Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

%配置OSPF路由协议

Router(config)#router ospf 1

Router(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Router(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Router(config-router)#end

Router# ②RouterB的配置：

配置端口的IP地址

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#interface f0/1

Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#exit

%配置OSPF路由协议

Router(config)#router ospf 1

Router(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Router(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Router(config-router)#end

Router#

⑶认证测试

L3-SW#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

------ -------- ------ ----------------

1 default active Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6 Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10 Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14 Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18 Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22 Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/1, Gig0/2 10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1

50 VLAN0050 active Fa0/2

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

RouterA#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 172.16.2.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 172.16.1.1 YES manual up up Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down

RouterB#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 172.16.2.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 172.16.3.1 YES manual up up Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down

L3-SW#show ip route

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Vlan10

O 172.16.2.0 [110/2] via 172.16.1.1, 00:10:26, Vlan10

O 172.16.3.0 [110/3] via 172.16.1.1, 00:10:16, Vlan10

C 172.16.5.0 is directly connected, Vlan50

RouterA#show ip route

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O 172.16.3.0 [110/2] via 172.16.2.2, 00:06:16, FastEthernet0/0 O 172.16.5.0 [110/2] via 172.16.1.2, 00:06:16, FastEthernet0/1 RouterB#show ip route

O 172.16.1.0 [110/2] via 172.16.2.1, 00:09:10, FastEthernet0/0

C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O 172.16.5.0 [110/3] via 172.16.2.1, 00:09:10, FastEthernet0/0

RouterA#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

172.16.3.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0 172.16.5.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 172.16.1.2 FastEthernet0/1

RouterA#show ip ospf interface f0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

Internet address is 172.16.2.1/24, Area 0

Process ID 1, Router ID 172.16.2.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1

Designated Router (ID) 172.16.3.1, Interface address 172.16.2.2

Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.2.1, Interface address 172.16.2.1 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:07

Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.3.1 (Designated Router)

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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