学术英语读写教程（上）Teachers Book

Section One Reading and Writing Narrative Stories

Unit 1 Love Stories

Text A Appointment with Love

Language Points

1. Six minutes to six, said the great round clock over the information booth in Grand Central Station. (Para. 1)

Meaning: The great round clock over the information booth in Grand Central Station indicated that it was six minutes to six. said: to give particular information or instructions Example: The notice said “keep out”.

2. …his eyes narrowed to note the exact time. (Para.1)

Meaning: He narrowed his eyes, in order to take a closer look at the exact time. note: to notice or pay careful attention to something

Example: Please note that the office will be closed on Sunday. 3. …sustained him unfailingly (Para.1)

Meaning: (The woman?s written words) always supported him.

4. He placed himself as close as he could to the information booth, just beyond the ring of people besieging the clerks. (Para.2)

Meaning: He tried his best to get closer to the information booth, just at the edge of a circle of people surrounding the clerks. 5. His face grew sharp. (Para.5)

Meaning: His face gradually showed a sign of nervousness and vigilance.

6. He had got hold of a New York City telephone book and found her address. (Para.7)

Meaning: He had found a New York City telephone book and got her address on it.

get hold of something: to find something that you want or need

Example: It is almost impossible to get hold of tickets for the concert. 7. Next day he had been shipped out, but they had gone on writing. (Para.7)

Meaning: Next day he had left the country by boat, but they had continued to write to each other.

ship out: to leave a country by boat

Example: He told Linda he was shipping out in two days.

8. I?d always be haunted by the feeling that you had been taking a chance on just that, … (Para.9)

Meaning: The thought that you had decided to write to me only because I was beautiful would continuously bother me.

take a chance (on something): to gamble that something good might happen or that someone might do well; to take a risk that something would go wrong or that someone would do badly

Example: They took a chance on the weather and planned to have the party outside.

9. …he pulled hard on a cigarette. (Para. 10) Meaning: …he sucked hard on a cigarette.

pull on a cigarette: to suck on or draw on a cigarette

Example: He pulled on his cigarette and waited for the train. 10. He squared his broad shoulders… (Para. 20)

Meaning: He made his broad shoulders straight…

square one’s shoulders: if you square your shoulders or square yourself, you make your back and shoulders straight to show you are ready or determined to do something

Example: Rosemary squared herself to face the waiting journalists.

11. I?ve got two boys with Uncle Sam myself, so I didn?t mind to oblige you. (Para.22)

Meaning: I myself have got two boys who also served in the U.S. army, so I didn?t mind to help you.

Cultural Notes

1. Zero

Zero was a model of Japanese fighter plane in WWII. 2. King David

David (C.1040-970 BCE) was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel, an important figure in Jewish, Islamic, and Christian doctrine and culture. He is regarded as a righteous king, a highly acclaimed warrior, a musician, and a psalmist. In Islamic culture, David is considered to be a prophet and the king of a nation. In Christian culture, he is believed to be an ancestor of Jesus. David traditionally takes the credit for writing many psalms of the Bible, which can be found in The Book of Psalms. 3. Psalm 23rd

In this psalm, David praises God as His Shepherd. The text is beloved by both Jews and Christians. The psalm has always been a popular passage for memorization. Since the 20th century, Psalm 23rd has even become a passage being often recited at the funeral in the English-speaking world. It has been widely used following high-profile tragic events such as 9/11 Address to the Nation and Whitney Houston?s funeral. The English version of Psalm 23rd is as follows: A Psalm of David

The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me lie down in green pastures: He leads me beside the still waters. He restores my soul:

He leads me in the paths of righteousness for his name?s sake. Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of Death,

I will fear no evil: for you are with me; your rod and your staff they comfort me. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies: You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows.

Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever. 4. Of Human Bondage

Of Human Bondage is one of the greatest novels of the twentieth century written by W. Somerset Maugham, the writer who also wrote The Moon and Sixpence and The Razor’s Edge. Of Human Bondage tells a story of sexual obsession of Philip Carey, who seeks for freedom from the oppressive Christian upbringing. Theodore Dreiser spoke very highly of this novel and called it “a work of genius”.

Keys to Exercises

Post-Reading Exercises I. Reading Comprehension 1-5 CCABD

II. Micro-writing Skills

1. Vocabulary Building

1) confessed 2) Besieged 3) beyond 4) provocation 5) narrow 6) sharp 7) rings 8) noted 9) obliged 10) Square

2. Structure Cumulating

1) half of the estimated time 2) head of our department

3) a former imperial palace in Beijing 4) Tolstoy 5) girls

6) land, funds and technology 7) the capital of France

8) courtesy, hospitality and respect for elders

3. Cloze Testing

1) job 2) ever 3) while 4) shoes 5) she 6) no 7) would 8) having 9) was 10) driving

4. Functional Training

1) the girl:

wearing a red flower in her suit lapel, but it was a crimson sweet pea, not the little red rose they had agreed upon. too young, about 18. Hollis Meynell: A young woman

Her figure was long and slim;

her blond hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were blue as flowers,

her lips and chin had a gentle firmness.

In her pale green suit, she was like springtime come alive. a small, provocative smile curved her lips. the-middle-age woman: a woman well past 40,

her graying hair tucked under a worn hat. more than plump;

her thick-ankled feet were thrust into low-heeled shoes. wore a red rose in the rumpled lapel of her brown coat. 2) the waiting line:

six minutes to six four minutes to six one minute to six

the recalling line:

a few days before one night of the NOW in

this fight worst of fighting Grand Central Station

the time he got the book

Text B The Date Father Didn’t Keep

Language Points

1. Thank heaven she didn?t recognize me. (Para.10) Meaning: I am so glad that she didn?t recognize me. Similar expressions: thank goodness/ thank God

Example: ?Thank goodness for that!? my mother said with a sigh of relief. 2. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me. (Para.10)

3. 4.

5. 6.

Meaning: I was passionately in love with her, and she returned my love in the same way.

If she had married me, she wouldn?t have had any prospects. (Para.14)

Meaning: If she had married me at that time, she would have had a bleak future. When I wrote to my father that I wanted to get married he cut off my allowance. (Para.14)

Meaning: When I wrote a letter to inform my father that I wanted to get married, he stopped giving me money.

…that her father might stop and seize our letter, … (Para.15)

Meaning: that her father might build a barrier to our communication, … I was doubly lucky… (Para. 28)

Meaning: I was exceedingly lucky… doubly: more than usual

Example: doubly difficult/ hard/ important

Key to Exercises

I. Reading Comprehension 1-5 ACBCD

II. Micro-writing Skills 1. Translation Practice

English to Chinese

1) 故事发生在一个彩色装潢的丹麦小酒馆，这种酒馆只对游客开放，那儿

的人都讲英语。(division)

2) 于是我回到家，借到了钱，便写信把日期告诉她了。(conversion) 3) 事情能这样发展真的很幸运。不然，你也就不会遇到妈妈了。(supplement)

Chinese to English

1) I fell madly in love with her, and she with me. (omission to avoid repetition) 2) But I met the girl once more, and told her I would return to America, borrow enough money to get married on, and come back for her in a few months. (inversion)

3) I was doubly lucky, young fellow, for otherwise I wouldn?t have met you, either. (conversion)

Explanation:

Diction: choosing a proper word to convey the exact meaning.

Omission: omitting “the recurring object” to avoid repetition or unnecessary involved expressions.

Conversion: changing the part of speech according to the manner of the target

language so that the idiomatic usage is achieved.

Inversion: changing the order of words and arranging them in a natural order of the target language.

Affirmation to negation / negation to affirmation: using words with negative / affirmative implications to express affirmative / negative meanings.

Subordination: arranging essential information in the main clause and the non-essential information in the subordinate clause in accordance with the idiomaticity of target language.

Division: dividing a long sentence into several short parts, usually employed in translation from English to Chinese.

Integration: clustering several short sentences into a long one, usually employed in translation from Chinese to English.

Unit 2 Christmas Stories

Text A Angel on a Doorstep

Language Points

1. It took slow, careful questioning to extract the story from him. (Para.3)

Meaning: It was a time-consuming and meticulous task for the narrator to make an inquiry into what had happened to him.

extract: to obtain information or money, etc. by taking it from somebody who is disinclined to offer it.

2. … with six children and another on the way. (Para. 4)

Note: In the text, on the way indicates that the woman is expecting her seventh baby.

3. I repeated my condolences and let the matter rest. (Para.6)

Meaning: I continually offered my sympathy on Ben?s loss and tried to let his passion subside.

4. Worried that this incident would sour a warm person, I mulled over what to do.

(Para. 6)

Meaning: I was anxious that the unpleasant experience would devour Ben?s kindness and I pondered on some solutions to help him. 5. I let the subject drop. (Para. 13)

Meaning: I stopped further discussion of my solution to his problem. 6. … it seemed he lightened up a bit more. (Para.16)

Meaning: the dark cloud of his loss on his face seemed to disappear gradually. light up: if somebody?s face or eyes light up, they probably express happiness or excitement.

7. … she?d forgotten to leave a forwarding address. (Para.24)

Meaning: she had forgotten to write (jot) down a new address for Ben to find her. 8. …and I didn?t have the foggiest idea what I was crying about. (Para.29)

Meaning: I did not know exactly what I was crying about. foggy: not clear

9. I was really glad you talked me into this. (Para. 29)

Meaning: I was really glad you let me believe this. 10. “Heck no,” … (Para.31)

Note: “Heck” is an exclamatory word used to express that you are slightly annoyed or surprised by something. Here Ben used this exclamatory word to show that he was extremely annoyed by the narrator?s inquiry.

Cultural Notes

1. I was a stranger and you took me in (Para. 11).

This sentence originates from Matthew, the first book in the New Testament of the Bible. Jesus tells people that when the Son of Man sits on his throne in heavenly glory, he will separate people who are blessed by his Father on the right and those who are cursed by his Father on the left. The Son of Man explains to the righteous, who stand on the right, why they have been blessed by his Father that, “For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was a stranger and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.” The righteous, who will go to eternal life, cannot remember when they did such good deeds to the Son of Man and ask him about it. The Latter replies that, “whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me.” 2. The Angel Gabriel (para.27)

Gabriel is an archangel who appears in both the Old Testament and in the New as a messenger to humans from God. In Luke, the third Gospel of the New Testament, Gabriel appeared to both Zechariah, the priest, and Virgin Mary and foretold them respectively that John the Baptist and Jesus would be born. The archangel?s mission may be well justified by his own words in the New Testament that, “I am Gabriel. I stand in the presence of God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to tell you this good news.”

Keys to Exercises

Post-Reading Exercises I. Reading Comprehension 1-5 CCADB

II. Micro-writing Skills

1. Vocabulary Building

1) walk 2) dropped 3) extract 4) soured 5) gloomy 6) indignant 7) longing 8) bristled 9) sympathize 10) rejoiced

2. Sentence Cumulating

? One day, while out hunting with his master, he encountered a wild boar and boldly seized the beast by the ear, but his teeth gave way, and the boar escaped.

? His master rushed to the scene and began giving the hound a good scolding and sound beating, but stopped when the feeble dog looked up and said, “Spare your old servant, dear master!

3. Close Testing

1) when 2) then/once 3) had 4) same 5) them 6) whose 7) wrote 8) later 9) stood 10) either

4. Functional Training

1) unhappy mood:

wasn?t his usual sunny self seemed in no mood for talking was gloomy

was distraught at his stupidity for allowing this bill to grow so large. his anger seemed worse

He bristled as he talked about… he replied indignantly happy mood:

Ben?s jovial conversation lightened up

arrived with a tremendous smile and a glint in his eyes grinning

2) Adverbial clauses:

When Ben delivered milk to my cousin?s home that morning, (he wasn?t his usual sunny self.)

(He bristled) as he talked about the messy young ones who had drunk up all his milk.

But when Ben left, (I found myself caught up in his problem and longed to help.)

“When someone has taken from you, (give it to them, and then you can never be robbed.”)

(We?d joke about it) when he?d come.

Before I knew what was happening, I started to cry, and I didn?t have the foggiest idea what I was crying about. Coordinate clauses:

It was late November 1962, and (as a newcomer to Lawndale, Calif, I was delighted that milkmen still brought bottles of milk to doorsteps.) Prepositional phrases:

In the weeks that my husband, kids and I had been staying with my cousin while house-hunting, (I had come to enjoy Ben?s jovial repartee.) On a sunny January morning two weeks later, Ben almost ran up the walk.

Noun phrases:

Today, (however, he was gloomy as he dropped off his wares from his wire carrier.)

The next time I saw him, (his anger seemed worse.)

The next time Ben delivered milk, (I told him I had a way to make him feel better about the $79.)

Every time I?d ask the question, (it seemed he lightened up a bit more.) Then, six days before Christmas, (it happened.)

Text B A Doll from Santa

Language Points

1. … they were no replacement for a mother?s love. (Para.1)

Meaning: …they could not fill the space left by Alice?s mother?s death. 2. In the aftermath of her loss, Alice vowed to care for others. (Para.3)

Meaning: As a consequence of her loss, Alice promised to care for others. 3. …but an unfilled void seemed to remain. (Para.3)

Meaning: … but the loss of maternal love seemed to exist. void: a large empty space

Example: Below her was nothing but a black void.

4. One of my customers approached me with a sample of her handiwork… (Para.4)

Meaning: One of my customers spoke to me with a specimen of her handiwork, hoping that I could take orders for Christmas.

3) approach: to speak to somebody about something, especially to ask them for

something or to offer to do something

5. …one with gray hair and spectacles… (Para.4)

Meaning: … one with gray hair and a pair of glasses… 6. So I placed my Christmas order: two dolls… (Para.5)

Meaning: So I made a request to buy (purchase) two dolls for Christmas… 7. Things really started to fall into place … (Para.6)

Meaning: Things really started to become smoother…

fall into place/ slot into place: if something complicated or difficult to understand falls or slots into place, it becomes organized or clear in your mind. 8. I began to get ready for what would turn out to be one of the most memorable days of my mother?s life. (Para.6)

Meaning: … I began to make preparations for what would become one of the most unforgettable days of my mother?s life.

9. …along with one for my mother tucked into the bottom of Santa?s bag. (Para.7)

Meaning: … along with the doll for my mother hidden in the bottom of Santa?s bag.

tuck: to put something into a small space, especially to hide it or keep it safe or

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

gardenia, which presented to be magical and perfect, being wrapped in soft pink packing paper.

heady: adj. having a strong effect on one?s senses My mother contributed to these imaginings. (Para.3)

Meaning: My mother took part in the wild guesses about who the mysterious giver was.

Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved during the winter so he wouldn?t have to venture down his icy steps. (Para.3)

Meaning: Perhaps the mysterious giver was the old man across the street whose mail I helped pick up during the winter, so he wouldn?t have to risk descending his icy steps.

venture: to go to some place even though you know that it might be dangerous or unpleasant

Example: Tom?s never ventured abroad in his life.

I don?t remember ever slamming my door in anger at her and shouting, … (Para.5) Meaning: In my memory, I have never shut my door in anger at her and shouting…

My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and overwhelming anger that… (Para.6)

Meaning: I had mixed feelings of deep sadness, abandonment, fear and extremely powerful anger that…

But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my skipping any of those things. (Para. 6)

Meaning: Although my mother was struggling to cope with her own grief at that time, she refused to allow me to miss any of those events.

not hear of something: to refuse to let somebody do something, especially because you want to help them

Example: Jack wouldn?t hear of my walking home alone.

… imbued with a sense that there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. (Para.9)

Meaning: … held a very firm belief that wonderful things still existed in the world and beauty could still be found even in difficult situations.

in the face of: despite having to deal with a difficult situation or problem Meaning: Tom showed great courage in the face of danger.

Cultural Notes

1. Scarlet O’Hara

Scarlet O?Hara is the heroine in Margaret Mitchell?s novel Gone with the Wind. 2. Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 — 1882) was a famous American essayist, lecturer and poet, who exerted strong influence on American thinking by spreading his thoughts through publishing essays and giving public lectures. He was a prominent figure who led the Transcendentalist Movement of the mid-19th century. Emerson?s well-known essays include Nature, Self-Reliance, Compensation, The Over-Soul and The American Scholar.

Keys to Exercises

Post-Reading Exercises I. Reading Comprehension 1-5 CDBAB

II. Micro-writing Skills 1. Translation Practice English to Chinese

1) 或者，有可能是住在街对面的老人。冬天我曾帮他收信件，这样他就不用冒险走下门前结冰的台阶了。(division)

2) 母亲充满爱心地用一种美好的方式把这件裙子展示给我，就像展示艺术品一样。(inversion)

3) 她希望孩子们了解到自己是被爱着的而且是可爱的，富有创造力和想象力的。同时，她还希望我们坚信世界上存在魔法，逆境中仍有美丽。(division) Chinese to English

1) After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender?s identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady perfume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pink tissue paper. (integration)

2) I didn?t care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did. (negation to affirmation）

3) My mother contributed to these imaginings.(supplement & diction)

Unit 4 Memories

Text A The Little Boat That Sailed Through Time

Language Points

1. Swell, I thought, looking around for the boat. (Para.4)

Meaning: Terrific, I thought, searching all over for the boat in the basement. swell: adj. very good

Example: I had a swell time.

look around: to turn your head so that you can see something

Example: The detective came out of the old house and looked around. 2. You can bring it out. (Para.4)

Meaning: You can transform that block of wood into your boat. bring something out: to make something appear Example: A crisis brings out the best in Mary. 3. I started to chop away to shape the bow. (Para.5)

Meaning: I began to cut the block of wood in order to form the front part of my boat.

chop away at something: to aim blows at something with a heavy sharp tool 4. … I began to hollow out the hull. (Para.5)

Meaning: … I began to shape the main part of the boat by removing unnecessary parts from that block of wood.

hollow something out: to make a hole in something by removing part of it Example: Lily hollowed out the birthday cake and filled it with cream. 5. The words rang in my head as I worked. (Para.5)

Meaning: My mind was filled with the words as I worked.

6. The boat wasn?t much to look at, but I was proud of what I had built. (Para.6)

Meaning: Although the boat wasn?t good to look at, I took pride in what I had made by my own hands.

7. … resolved to return one day to recover my treasure. (Para.8)

Meaning: …determined to return to Storvassdal one day to get back my precious boat.

resolve (on something/ on doing something): to make a firm decision to do something

8. As I cradled the boat, I felt my grandfather?s presence. (Para.9)

Meaning: As I hold the boat gently in my arms, I felt my grandfather was being there.

9. … I hesitated to speak lest I disturb our tranquility. (Para.13)

Meaning: I was afraid of ruining our tranquility, so I was slow to speak. lest: conj. in order to prevent something from happening

10. Then Claire looked up and broke my reverie as she said softly… (Para.13)

Meaning: Then Claire raised her eyes and pulled me out of my own thoughts as she spoke in a soft way…

11. In the last unit of the narrative part, students should be encouraged to make their own comments on the development of the texts based upon what they have learnt in the previous three units. That is, Texts A and B can be taken as a pair of comparison and contrast for the teacher to organize his/her students to join in a discussion as to whether they both are good cases of narrative for recording one?s memory. For example, Text A can be a little bit too loose in tracing the author?s past by presenting several anecdotes less strictly connected with each other. The episode chosen as the climax is not described in detail, thus losing all the suspense and charm that it is expected to give. Moreover, the end is not ideally connected with the beginning or the title. By contrast, Text B is more tightly organized and more emotionally charged.

Keys to Exercises

Pre-reading Focuses

1. The little boat that sailed through time (conceptual metaphor: time is a lake)

spent the tenth summer of my childhood, the times I shared with my Grandfather Jorgen (conceptual metaphor: time is treasure)

They both echo the theme of the story that the past time is a valuable treasure and is worthy of memory.

2. The verbs all carry the characteristics of the meaning of the nouns they derive from. To relish the joys and to break my reverie contain a conceptual metaphor: ABSTRACT OBJECTS ARE CONCRETE OBJECTS in the derived meaning of the verbs.

Post-Reading Exercises I. Reading Comprehension 1~5 CADBC

II. Micro-writing Skills 1. Vocabulary Building

1) brought out 2) relish, relishes 3) picked up 4) referred 5) blocks 6) Lest 7) tireless 8) crisp 9) memorable 10) tranquil

2. Structure Cumulating

1) but his sister has

2) but she doesn?t speak it very well 3) but happy and hopeful

4) but in vain

5) but her father might

3. Cloze Testing

1) watching 2) on 3) All 4) all 5) out 6) located 7) in 8)Crying 9) had 10) one 11) manage

4. Functional Training

1. Associative field of boat bring (a boat) out launch (a boat) carry (a boat) verb with boat belongings material a block of wood bow hull mast BOAT inches of long sail craft handle the tools a razor-sharp ax chop away shape the bow hammer and chisel hollow out the hull

2. I spent the tenth summer of my childhood, the most memorable months of my life, in western Norway at the mountain farm where my mother was born. In the summer of 1964, I went to Norway with my parents and my wife and children. I shall never forget that moment. My last trip to Storvassdal was in 1991.

On the day I took them to Storvassdal, I hoped they would somehow understand the importance of the little boat and its simple message of self-reliance.

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