陕西省西安市高考英语四月阅读理解、完形填空选练(11)

2015西市高考英语【四月】阅读理解、完形填空选练（11）答案

阅读理解

Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland,

detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his

Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922.

He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.

He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature

of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of

complex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him

from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body.

He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which

are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first

satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.

During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.

From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。

1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling.

A. did n’t study hard while in Washington High Sc hool

B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes

C. was once badly treated in Washington High School

D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living

【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为D选项。

2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?

A. The“behavior”of molecules.

B. Physical chemistry.

C. Biological chemistry.

D. The human body.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第二段第二句话“His interest in the‘behavior’o f molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling的兴趣发生了变化, 从physical chemistry转到了biological chemistry上, 所以正确答案为B选项。

3. During World WarⅡ, Linus Pauling.

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A. had to stop his research because of the war

B. made great contributions to the safety of the country

C. joined the army to fight for the safety of the country

D. took part in researching nuclear bombs

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正确答案为B选项。

4. The main idea of the passage is to show.

A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons

B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world

C. Lin us Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules

D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace

【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以应该选择B选项。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Philip was a nine-year-old boy in a Sunday school class of 8-year-old girls and boys. Sometimes the third graders didn’t welcome Philip into their group and usually tricked him. This was not because he was older, but because he was “different”. You see, Philip suffered from a condition called Downs’s Syndrome. This made him “different”, with his facial characteristics, slow responses and mental problems.

One Sunday after Easter, the Sunday school teacher gathered some plastic eggs that pulled apart in the middle. The teacher gave one to each child. On that beautiful spring day, the children were to go out and discover for themselves some symbol of “new life” and place it inside the plastic eggs.

After the children returned to the classroom, the teacher opened their eggs one by one, asking each chi ld to explain that symbol of “new life”. The first opened egg contained a flower. Everyone cheered. In another was a butterfly…. When the teacher opened the last egg, it was empty. “That’s stupid,” said someone. The teacher felt a pull at his shirt. It was Philip. Looking up, Philip said, “It’s mine. I did it. It’s empty. I have new life, because the tomb is empty.” Not a sound was heard in class at all. From that day on, Philip became a real part of the group. They welcomed him, and whatever made him different was never mentioned again.

Philip’s family knew he wouldn’t live a long life, for there were too many things wrong with him.

1. The underlined word “condition” in the first paragraph probably means ________.

A. grade

B. status

C. health

D. disease

2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.

A. The 8-year-olds were sometimes cruel

B. The 8-year-olds were friendly to Philip

C. Philip was really different in school

D. Philip was older and more sensitive

3. The teacher gave each child one plastic egg to let them ________.

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A. play around on that beautiful spring day

B. put some symbol of “new life” into it

C. try to pull it apart in the middle

D. go out and discover themselves

4. After Philip explained his new life, ________.

A. The class thought he was clever.

B. The class fell silent.

C. He began to study in the class.

D. He felt dying.

5. We learn from the passage that ________.

A. The teacher used to have classes outdoors

B. The Philip’s new life wish was empty

C. Philip was healthy as a whole

D. Philip was accepted by his classmates in the end

【参考答案】D A B B D

阅读理解。

Whether in the workplace or on the football field, effective teamwork can produce amazing results. However, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem. Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically; it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise. There are a number of factors that must be in place to make a good team.

Effective leadership is one of the most important factor s of good teamwork. The team’s leader should possess the skills to create and preserve a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed. An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel supported and valued. Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team. Team members must be able to articulate their feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas and see each other’s opinions.

Conflicts will arise no matter how well a team functions together. The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts. Team members should be able to voice their concerns without fear of offending others. Instead of avoiding conflict issues, a hands-on approach that settles them quickly is much better. It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides and trying to remain objective if possible.

The team leader must set a good example to create good teamwork. In order to keep team members positive and committed and motivated, the team leader himself needs to show these qualities. The team turns to the leader for support and guidance. So any negative words or behaviors on the leader’s part can be disastrous.

Regardless of what type of work you are in, knowing how to effectively work on and with a team is going to be extremely important to your success and that of your team.

6. Effective leadership is important partly because ___________________.

A. it helps a leader to develop lots of skills

B. it makes a leader feel supported and valued

C. it creates a positive working environment

D. it depends on interpersonal relationship of a team

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