（临门一脚）2015年高考英语热点专题复习 第二部分 知识运用专题

专题四：语法填空

一、考点精要 【授之以渔】

语篇型语法填空题题型特点：

语法填空同时具有单项选择和完形填空两种题型的特点。单项选择侧重考查学生对于基础知识的掌握程度, 特别是词汇和语法知识, 但它局限于考查词汇和语法知识在简单句子中的意义, 对学生语言知识实际运用能力的考查有限。和单项选择相比, 语法填空则侧重考查语言知识在具体篇章中的意义, 更加强调语言的交际功能。 新题型语篇填空充分体现了高考命题的原则： “突出语篇，注重交际，讲究灵活，强调应用”。 语篇语法填空题的命题点： （1）给提示词 词性 转换 动词 名词 形容词 副词 连词 代词 介词 冠词 副词 以加后缀为主：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀、副词后缀、数词后缀；也有加前缀的情况 时态、语态、语气、情态动词、不定式、-ing形式、过去分词 数、格 比较级、最高级、形容词副词词性互变 比较级、最高级、形容词副词词性互变 从属连词、并列连词 人称、非人称 (it)、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑问、关系、连接、不定 简单、合成、短语 定冠词、不定冠词 疑问、连接、关系、时间、地点、方式、程度、句子、承接 （2）不给提示词

新题型考查特点：

语法填空题主要考语法，还考词汇和语用知识。 1.内容覆盖面广，考查范围均为大纲中所列的所有语法项目——包括动词非谓语形式、时态、被动语态、情态动词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、从句、倒装、习惯表达法等； 2.重点突出，强调动词的考查；

3.突出语境的作用，提供语境间接考查语言知识的运用。

4.10个空白处主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、连接词等；

5.其中有3～4个空白处要求使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，主要考查对动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词形式和构词法等知识的掌握情况。 考点1. 给提示词 【巧点妙拨】 1.提示词是动词

当括号内提供的是动词时，主要判断其是谓语还是非谓语。 (1)当考查的是谓语时，首先要判断其时态和语态。

例1. Since Hong Kong____(rejoin) China in 1997, more students from the Chinese mainland have

chosen to study there. 答案： rejoined 解析：此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen及从句的时间状语in 1997，此空动词应该是一般过去时态。

(2)如果考查非谓语，要判断非谓语在句中的成分，根据不同成分使用适当的形式，其中使用-ing形式和-ed形式居多，有时也考查to do等形式。

例2. Ten years ago, Jessica was only 13.________(live) with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua. 答案：Living

解析：此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语，与逻辑主语she是主动关系，所以使用现在分词living。 2. 提示词是形容词或副词

如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词，比较级或否定形式。

例3. “Thirty-five cents，” she said________(rude). 答案： rudely

解析：此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。

例4. At last, her courage and ________(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University. 答案：wisdom

解析：括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。 3. 提示词是名词

当括号内提供的是名词时，一般考查其形容词形式，但有时也可能考查其副词、动词等形式。 例5. There, my voice sounds really__________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it. 答案：wonderful

解析：括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。 例6. A certain man planted a rose and watered it________(faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.

答案： faithfully

解析：括号内提供的是名词，但此空是作状语，修饰动词water，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。 考点2. 不给提示词 【巧点妙拨】

纯空格需要填的词，主要是连词（连接代词，连接副词，关系代词、关系副词）、介词、代词、(人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词、it）、冠词等。 1. 缺主语或宾语，一定填代词。

例 I can send a message to Jane whenever I want to and ____ gets there almost in a second. 答案：it

解析：it指代a message。

2.名词前面若没有限定词（冠词、物主代词、不定代词），很可能是填限定词。

例 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help _____rice crop grow up.

答案：his

解析：his指代“那个急性子人的”。

3.名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，其前面一定是填介词。 ...who should have the honor of receiving me ______ guest in their house. 答案：as

解析：as意为“作为”。

4.若两个句子如果没有分号或句号，很可能根据上下文逻辑填连词或从句引导词。

例1. I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days________ I was to return to Guangzhou.

例2.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _____ he felt very happy.

例3.However, Chenhong, ______ graduated from Hong Kong University this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever. 答案：1.before 2.but 3.who

解析：1.before意为“在……之前”。2.根据句意可知前后两句话为转折关系。3.who引导非限制性定语从句。

5. 根据固定搭配、典型句型、特殊句式来判断空格应填的词。

例1 Volunteers' work plays an important ______in America’s high school education. 例2 ...and_______was only after he left home that he realized the importance of his family. 例3.This made the goat so jealous ____it began plotting against the donkey. 例4._____with hard work can you expect to improve your English. 答案：1.part/role 2.it 3.that 4.Only 解析：1.考查固定短语：play a part/role in。2.考查强调句。3.考查so…that…句式。4.考查“only+状语”放在句首的倒装。 二、典题对应 【名师坐堂】该题型会以考生常犯的语法错误为基础来设置。但是只要我们清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和规律，掌握一定的解题技巧，同时在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，在考试中就能提高这一题型的准确率。 解题记住以下四部口诀：

一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线； 二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完； 难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案； 四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通。

典题1. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual)caught fire and burned….

While there are 68 (amaze)stories of instant transformation, for most of us 69 (change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).（2014年全国卷）

答案：62.actually 68.amazing 69.changes 70.patient

典题2. But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months…..

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.(2014年全国卷) 答案：64. or 67.that/which 三、命题趋向

语法填空的命题规律主要体现在：（1）从句子结构和语法知识入手，（2）从词性变化和固定搭配入手，（3）从语境线索和关键信息入手。

Eleven-year-old Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous system. The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering 1 this illness.They predicted she’d spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair. 2 Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walking again someday.The doctors were charmed by her 3 (defeatable) spirit.They taught her about imaging—about seeing herself 4 (walk). Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy(理疗), lying there faithfully doing her imaging, visualizing herself moving, moving, moving!

One day, 5 she was training with all her might to imagine her legs moving again, 6 seemed as though a miracle happened: the bed moved! She screamed out, “Look what I 7 (do)! Look! Look! I can do it! I moved, I moved！” Of course, 8 this very moment everyone 9 in the hospital was screaming, too. It was the San Francisco earthquake. But don’t tell 10 to Angela. She’s convinced that she did it. And now only a few years later, she’s back in school. On her own two legs. No walking sticks, no wheelchair.

答案：1. from 2. But 3. Undefeatable 4. walking 5. as 6. it 7. am doing 8. at 9. else 10. that/it

解析：靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但她始终没有放弃，一次地震让她觉得是她自己的脚动了，并对此坚信不疑，几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。 1. from recover。from an illness意为“从疾病中恢复过来”。 2. But。与前句是转折关系。

3. undefeatable。在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由语境可知，此处应表示“不败的”，故填undefeatable。句意：医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。 4. walking。see sb doing“看见某人在做某事”。 5. as。as表示“正当……时”。

6. it。句式搭配：it seems as if/as though...仿佛是……。 7. am doing。句意：看，我在做什么！ 8. at。at this very moment意为“此刻”。

9. else。用于复合不定代词或疑问词后，表示“其他的”，用else。 10. that/it。替代前文说的地震这回事。 四、直击高考 语法填空专练一

The Internet has become part of young people’s life. 1

report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet. Most of them get 2 (use)information on the Internet 3 use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it 4 a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites 5

shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen 6 students spend too much time on the

Internet. 7 is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, 8 uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice.

Some students also make 9 on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face 10 (meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place. 语法填空专练二

Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean

we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, 8 don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) than others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.

语法填空专练三

We may be very 1 (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present 2 (exam)systems which focus 3 testing the students’ memory instead of their 4 (able). As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination 5

will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination stystem should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember 6 is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often may be the 7 (good) in their studies. In addition, such 8 examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the 9 (come) examination.

There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as 10 as their knowledge. 语法填空专练四

More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according 1 a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape 2 (press) from work, almost all said they worry more 3 they do at home. Only four in every one hundred said that they are happy and free of care. The most common worry is burglary（入室盗窃）, with four out of ten worrying about their homes 4 (break) into while they are abroad. More than a quarter feel they will feel crazy 5

some other noisy and rough holiday-makers and twenty-two percent worry they may be attacked 6 their possessions will be 7 (miss).

The survey also showed 8 the stay-at home Americans are no more. Three out of every five want to have a holiday abroad, which was 9 increase from the figures only three years ago. The hotel holiday is still a winner, with about one third of all Americans 10 (prefer) to go on a self-catering（自助） holiday. 语法填空专练五

Many Chinese believe 1 (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat 2 (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp. 3 , doctors don’t recommend to eat 4 raw eggs or animal brains. Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found 5 relationship 6 diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet 7 most people lack the special vitamins 8 these brain food provide. If you eat brain foods 9 (regular), they can increase brain power —help you pay attention, keep you motivated, improve your memory and 10 (less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test. 语法填空专练六

Millions 1 words have been said about young people in the United States. There are reasons

for this great interest in their ideas, 2 (feel) and actions. Today there are about eight million Americans in the colleges and universities. The young under twenty-five make 3 nearly half of the American population, many of 4 will be in power in the U.S. 5 (nature), their ideas are important to everyone in the country, and 6 is necessary for the older people to understand 7 they think and feel. College students today have strong opinions about right and 8 . They are deeply interested in making a 9 (good) life for all the people, especially for those who have never 10 (give) fair chance before. 语法填空专练七

Nowadays, many cities are suffering from smog, the short form of smoke and fog. It is especially harmful to children, seniors, pregnant women, smokers and people 1 lung or heart problems. An important component (成分) of smog is ground-level ozone (地面臭氧). Actually, ozone that is formed naturally in the atmosphere 2 (protect) life from the sun’s damaging rays. At ground level, however, ozone hurts people’s eyes, nose, and throat, which can make 3 more difficult for the body to fight against an 4 (infect). When the amount of ground-level ozone increases, so does 5 number of emergency-room visits.

The other component is fine particulate matter (细颗粒物). The 6 (small) the particle (particulate matter 2.5, PM2.5), the more dangerous it can be. When people take in ozone and particulates from the air, both the blood flow 7 the oxygen supply to the heart will be reduced.

With such unhealthy air quality, some simple ways are recommended for you 8 (reduce) higher risk of health problems. On smoggy days, spend less time outdoors. If you have to get outside, close all your windows 9 you go out. Besides, roll up the windows of 10 car if you are driving. 语法填空专练八

Life is difficult. But life is no longer difficult once we truly understand and accept it.

Most do not fully see this truth. 1 they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent 2 special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.

3 makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems 4 painful. Problems, 5 (depend) on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are 6 (comfort) feelings, often as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. Yet it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning.

Problems are the serious test that tells success from 7 (fail). When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems just as in school we set problems for our children 8 (solve). It's through the pain of meeting and working out problems 9 we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is 10 this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.

语法填空专练九

A long time ago, there was a huge apple tree. A little boy came and 1 (lie) under it every day. He would climb to the tree top, eat the apples, and take a nap 2 the shade. He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.

In the 3 (follow) years, the boy came and cut the branches to build a house, used the trunk

on 4 he used to climb to make a boat and then never showed up for a long time.

Finally, the boy returned. “Sorry, my boy, 5 I don't have anything for you anymore. No more 6 (apple) for you...” The tree said. “I don't have teeth 7 (bite),” the boy replied. “No more trunk for you to climb on.” “I am 8 old for that now,” the boy said. “I really can’t give you anything...the only thing 9

(leave) is my dying roots,” the tree said with tears. “I don't need much now, just a place to rest. I’m tired after all these years,” the boy replied. “Good! Old tree roots are 10 best place to lean on and rest. Come, come, sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was glad, smiling with tears. 语法填空专练十

When George and his wife left the supermarket, they were surprised to find that their new car 1 (steal). They filed a report at the police station and a detective drove 2 back to the parking lot 3 (look) for evidence. To their 4 (amaze), the car had been returned 5 there was a note in it that said: “ I apologize 6 taking your car. My wife 7 (have) a baby at that moment and I had to rush her to the hospital. Please forget the 8 (convenience) we made to you. There are two tickets for tonight’s Mania Twain concert. Hope you two will enjoy it.”

Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended the concert. But 9 they returned home, they 10 (immediate) found that their house had been ransacked(洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was another note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don’t I?” 语法填空专练十一

M: Michelle D: Drake

D: Michelle, why are you dancing? I thought we had to study for our math test!

M: Oh, hi, Drake! I was doing some exercise just now. I thought you must have been 1 (stick) in the heavy traffic for it was the rush hour. Let me turn the music 2 .

D: You exercise by 3 (dance)? I thought things like running and bicycling 4 (consider) exercise.

M: Well, those are other good ways to work out, but I like to dance. It is fun to move around to music, and you can 5 (sure) work up a sweat. Do you like to dance?

D: Yes, I do, 6 I am not a very good dancer. For exercise, I prefer playing soccer. Guess what? I 7 (play) in a match this time next Saturday.

M: Cool! I know you like to go to the park on the weekend and play soccer. Maybe you should try dancing, and I will try playing soccer.

D: Do you know how to play soccer? 8 is really very easy to learn once you try.

M: I can’t play soccer very well, even though I used to play a lot when I was a kid. 9 you teach me some of your soccer moves, I’ll teach you some dance moves! How does that sound? D: It’s 10 deal. If it weren’t for the math test tomorrow, we could go to the gym right now. M: Right. No more fun and games. Let me get my notebook. 语法填空专练十二（潍坊2015.2）

More than half a million South Korean students 1 (recent) took the university entrance examination. Many people consider success on this test the first step toward a good life. But South Korean students say they feel stressed from the pressure.

South Korean high school students spend years 2 their study for the university entrance examination. The test is multiple choice, 3 (mean) that the student may choose among several possible 4 (answer) to a question.

A recent government study has found that South Korean children are 5 least happy compared to children in 29 other developed countries. Many South Koreans owe this 6 (unhappy) to the educational pressure .

South Korean President Park Geun-hye 7 (promise) to reform her country's educational system twice by now. She urges the system 8 ( increase) creative thinking and reduce student pressure.

Still, getting South Korean parents to ease the pressure on their children might not be so easy. A mother says she is not willing to put so much pressure on her daughter. However, the fierce competition makes 9 impossible for parents not to do so. For now, 10 the parents can expect is that the pressure brings good results. 语法填空专练十三（2014年全国卷II）

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1 (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 some of them looked very anxious and 3 (disappoint) . When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5 (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 6 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7 (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “ 8 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s 9 (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 10 (sudden) became friendly to one another. 语法填空专练十四

My favorite movie is about a robot named Adams, 1 is adapted from a science fiction. He works as a smart employee in a computer company. He can do 2 (vary) jobs. He is able to make to the computers when there are failures. He looks so cool that he even greets visitors 3 behalf of the company and he never forgets to express the hope of 4 (see) the customers again when they go out of the company . Sometimes people come to the company specially to see Adams for themselves and find a chance to have 5 talk with him. Consequently, the company gains 6 (many) customers than other companies. Therefore Adams wins 7 (appreciate) from his boss and colleagues.

Adams 8 (possess) human emotions, even showing sympathy for those with 9 (disable). He is “warm-hearted” and can help people in many ways. He does what he can 10 (help) those in need, for he can’t have humans suffering pains. I enjoy the movie and I believe robots are friends of humans.

语法填空专练十五（2014年广东卷）

Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.

After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months 2 （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 3 （tell）that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 4 for the week after. I didn’t understand 5 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation. What’s

worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 7 （surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.

The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little 10 （sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.

专题四答案

一 1. A 2. useful 3. and 4. in 5. they 6. if 7. It 8. which 9. friends 10. meeting

二 1. it 2. on 3. unselfish 4. required 5. saying 6. should 7. other 8. so 9. worse 10. the

三 1. pleased 2.examination 3.on 4.ability 5.which/ that 6. what 7. best 8. an 9. coming 10. well

四 1. to 2. pressure 3. than 4. being broken 5. with 6. or 7. missing 8. that 9. an 10. preferring

五 1. eating 2. uncooked 3. However 4. either 5. a 6. between 7.because 8.that 9.regularly 10.lessen

六 1. of 2. feelings 3. up 4. whom 5. Naturally 6. it 7. what 8.wrong 9.better 10. been given

七 1. with 2. protects 3. it 4. infection 5. the 6.smaller 7. and 8. to reduce 9. before 10. your

八 1. Instead 2. a 3. What 4. is 5. depending 6.uncomfortable 7.failure 8.to solve 9.that 10.for 九 1. lay 2. under/in 3. following 4. which 5. but 6. apples 7. to bite 8. too 9. left 10. the

十 1. had been stolen 2. them 3. to look 4. amazement 5. and 6. for 7. was having 8. incovenience 9. when 10. immediately

十一1. stuck 2. off 3. dancing 4. were considered 5. surely 6. but 7. will be playing 8. It 9. If 10. a

十二 1. recently 2. on 3. meaning 4. answers 5. the 6. unhappiness 7. has promised 8. to increase 9. it 10. what / all(that)

十三 1. being 2. and 3.disappointed 4.to 5.caught 6. to stop 7. riding 8. Did 9. me/mine 10. suddenly

十四 1. which 2. various 3. on 4. seeing 5. a 6. more 7. appreciation 8. possesses 9. disabilities 10. to help

十五 1. it 2. earlier 3. were told 4. but 5. why 6. for 7. surprisingly 8. the 9. where 10. sunburned/sunburnt

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