2011级 大学英语四级模拟试卷

2011级 大学英语四级模拟试卷（2012.11.21）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Importance of keeping A Good Mood. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下

2. 所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的

3. 我的观点和原因

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Gulf Wracked By Katrina's Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons, Mold

A month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region; contamination(污染).

Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says.

The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back.

"I don't think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint," said Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region.

Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物) left behind by Katrina's polluted floodwaters.

Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coli bacteria, oil and gas chemicals, and lead, as well as varying quantities of arsenic.

The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge(淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers every surface that was flooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to the entire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools.

"When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment," said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. "It's in their yards and houses." Old Pollution Resurfacing

Plaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita. "Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge," Subra reported.

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Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearby bayous and bay bottoms, where sediment was lifted up by Katrina's and Rita's storm surges.

The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana.

"These water bodies have received industrial wastes for decades," she said. "This material has toxic chemicals, metals, and organic petrochemicals(石化产品)."

Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills have occurred in southern Louisiana, totaling 7.4 million gallons (28 million liters) of oil, most of which has been contained.

Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality.

"The sewage treatment plants were underwater," he explained. "Between the animal waste and the human waste, you've got a lot of bacteria."

Protection Kits

Health and environmental agencies are advising people to avoid contact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs.

EPA officials are directing people to its Web site (www.epa.gov) to inform themselves of the contamination risks.

But most people returning to the area don't have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group. "If you [do] read the Web site," he added, "you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it."

To better inform people of health risks, the Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit.

Each kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles(风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards, Volunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities.

The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $100 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana.

"The governor is really in favor of this," Subra said. "We just have to determine how we're going to fund them."

Toxic Mold Blooms

In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes. "The mold is growing everywhere-homes are just coated with it," Subra said.

The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers more than ten square feet (one square meter), they urged.

"Those [surfaces] that can't be cleaned need to be removed," said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, where respiratory(呼吸的) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting.

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"We're seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold," said Richard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. "And mouth sores from the bad water."

Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zone have contracted Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromised immune systems.

To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections.

"People had open wound and walked through floodwater with sewage in it," CDC spokesperson Von Roebuck said. "And these folks were having these wounds infected with Vibrio."

Disaster Response Care

"This is a highly contaminated area," said Susan Briggs, the physician overseeing FEMA's disaster-response medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama.

Her teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happen when cleaning debris. The rudimentary(根本的) living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick and injured, Briggs said.

"They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning," she said. "There are collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten." Briggs and other doctors in the area have been treating many cases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses.

All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to the CDC. But it's too soon to know if these ailments are related to contamination, the CDC's Roebuck said. "We're looking at that question," he said. "We'd like to know the answer."

1. The passage gives a description of the contamination in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.

2. Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil and sewage.

3. Plaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxic sediment that it was two weeks ago.

4. People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge by health and environmental agencies.

5. The Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to sell every returning resident a protective kit.

6. The conditions in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is special.

7. In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes, and it is growing everywhere.

8. To date, six people have died from¬________.

9. The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get________.

10. All of these conditions are to be expected after________.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

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Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated ____47 ___? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date.

Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole ____48 ___ is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always '____49 ___' around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who 'knows better'. These superiors often gain when they chip(削弱) away at your self-image."

But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people ____50 ___ themselves. They ____51 ___ "assertiveness training" courses-At for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more ____52 ___ without hurting other people.

In one way. learning to speak out is to ____53 ___ fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger ____54 ___-the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.

Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to ____55 ___ your own good sense.

You go by the other person's ____56___ . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.

[A] doubt [I] peace

[B] active [J] demand

[C] system [K] ask

[D] offer [L] superior

[E] unfairly [M] overcome

[F] unfortunately [N] confidence

[G] motive [O] roar

[H] image

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood.

There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩

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猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.

All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree.

These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food.

There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weigh up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weigh up to 200 pounds.

Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do.

57. What does the first paragraph tell us?

[A] The ape looks like human beings most.

[B] People and the ape think alike.

[C] People and the ape behave alike.

[D] The ape is the most intellectual animal in the world.

58. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

[A] All apes are brown or black.

[B] All parts of apes' bodies are covered with hair.

[C] Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.

[D] Apes' arms are strong enough to swim.

59. Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because ________.

[A] They like to live in small family groups

[B] They like to move from place to place in search of more food

[C] They like to eat eggs, small animals, nuts and insects

[D] It rains too often in the deep forests

60. Among the three kinds of apes, ________.

[A] the gorilla is the biggest

[B] the gibbon is only three feet high but it is heavier than the orangutan

[C] the orangutan is smaller than the gorilla and cleverer than the gibbon

[D] the orangutan can stand up to a great height, but others cannot

61. The last paragraph tells us that ________.

[A] chimpanzees can do better than human children

[B] chimpanzees can do many things that human children cannot do

[C] human children can do many things that chimpanzees cannot do

[D] the intelligence of chimpanzees is similar to that of human children

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Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3~21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded(发展迟缓的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging.

A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable(孜孜不倦的) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc "adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations."

Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative(比喻的)language and higher-order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners.

62. The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with ________.

[A] genius students from day-care centers to colleges

[B] students who are fond of computer video games

[C] teachers of language in the University of Arizona

[D] students who are either mentally or physically disabled

63. A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because ________.

[A] its fancy design is very attractive

[B] it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy

[C] the content of it is healthy and promising

[D] it is developed by university professors

64. According to Professor Healey, we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps ________.

[A] need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language concepts

[B] are good at studying English idioms but often fail to grasp higher-order language concepts

[C] are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand the world concepts

[D] tend to be deaf as well and have difficulty learning the simple concept "before and after"

65. The best phrase that summarizes the main idea of the text is ________.

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[A] handicapped students and their problems

[B] videodisc and special education

[C] computer assisted teaching programs

[D] normal children and handicapped kids

66. The word "impairment" (Line 2, Para. 1) probably means ________.

[A] habit

[B] disability

[C] misconception

[D] belief

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the ____67 ___ of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their ____68 ___ children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any ____69___ visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an ____70 ___ story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care ____71 ___ elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied ____72 ___ the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the ____73 ___ American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. ____74 ___, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ____75 ___, family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers ____76 ___ a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best ____77 ___ for the job. In other words, they all felt that they ____78 ___ do the job better than anyone else. Social workers ____79 ___ caregivers to find out why they took ___ 80 ___ the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had ___81 ___ to help their relative. Some stated that helping others ____82 ___ them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping ____83___ now, they would deserve care when they became old and ____84 ___. Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a ____85 ___ satisfying experience for everyone who might be ____86 ___.

67. [A] hands [B] arms [C] bodies [D] homes

68. [A] growing [B] grown [C] grow [D] grows

69. [A] constant [B] lasting [C] regular [D] normal

70. [A] imaginary [B] imaginable [C] imaginative [D] imagery

71. [A] that [B] this [C] those [D] these

72. [A] when [B] how [C] what [D] where

73. [A] common [B] ordinary [C] standard [D] average

74. [A] Still [B] However [C] Moreover [D] Whereas

75. [A] before [B] ago [C] later [D] lately

76. [A] share [B] enjoy [C] divide [D] consent

77. [A] person [B] people [C] character [D] man

78. [A] would [B] will [C] could [D] can

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79. [A] questioned [B] interviewed [C] inquired [D] interrogate

80. [A] in [B] up [C] on [D] off

81. [A] admiration [B] initiative [C] necessity [D] obligation

82. [A] cause [B] enable [C] make [D] get

83. [A] someone [B] anyone [C] everyone [D] anybody

84. [A] elderly [B] dependent [C] dependable [D] independent

85. [A] similarly [B] differently [C] mutually [D] certainly

86. [A] involved [B] excluded [C] included [D] considered

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. ________________________ (幸亏遇到一位好心的出租车司机), Amy arrived at the test room in time.

88. ________________________ (这是一个生死攸关的问题) and therefore we must pay more attention to it.

89. The problem of internet crime ________________________ (近些年来引起了广泛关注).

90. The computer isn't working properly; ________________________ (肯定有什么地方出了毛病).

91. ________________________ (应当注意的是) that pollution has become one of the thorniest problems in many big cities.

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姓名 学号 学院

答题卡

8

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Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Part VI Translation

87. 88. 89. 90. 91.

Part I Writing

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Part I Writing

The Importance of Keeping A Good Mood

In today's increasingly competitive world it is essential to maintain a positive attitude towards life. To put it in a metaphor, keeping a good mood is a foundation upon which our life is built.

Keeping a good mood is important because it can help us solve various problems in life. The following two situations can enable us to clearly see how a positive attitude helps us cope with unpleasant things. Take English learning for example. In our effort to grasp English, mistakes are unavoidable. From one perspective mistakes are annoying, but a positive attitude can make us realize that only through making mistakes can a learner be expected to make progress. Sometimes one may come down with a serious cold, feeling depressed. But a change in attitude will enable us to look at the matter from a positive perspective. The illness may teach us the importance of health.

As we can see, keeping a good mood can help us to deal with mistakes in the right way and find comfort in time of sorrow. Its importance cannot be denied.

Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

1. Y 通读全文后，即可发现本文描写了新奥尔良被“卡特利娜”飓风袭击后的景象，可知题干表述正确。

2. N 通读全文可知，开头几段(即小标题上的段落)都是总体讲新奥尔良受灾后的景象。本题题干信息讲了“卡特利娜”飓风带来的污染，属于此部分内容，定位后在第二段首句发现，飓风带来的污染不仅有石油、污水，还有有毒废弃物滤出的有害物质，题干信息不完整。

3. Y 根据题干中的信息词Plaquemines Parish定位原文，在小标题Old Pollution Resurfacing下首段可找到答案，可知题干表述正确。

4. Y 题干内容提到“不要接触污泥”，是讲自我保护的，推知答案在标题Protection Kits下。再根据题干中的信息词health and environmental agencies定位，在首段首句可找到答案，可知题干表述正确。

5. N 题干中的protective kit提示答案在Protection Kits下。根据题干中的信息词The Southern Mutual Help Association和Oxfam America定位原文在第五段找到答案，原文用的give而非题干中的sell，可知题干表述错误。

6. NG扫读文章可知，本文主要谈到受灾地区污染状况，并未提及新奥尔良地区的状况比较特殊。

7. Y 根据题干中的信息词blooms of mold可知，此答案在标题Toxic Mold Blooms下，再用sprawling blooms of mold定位原文，在首段找到答案，可知题干表述正确。

8. Vibrio infections。由题干的died from可知填空处可能要填某种真菌，因而推知答案在Toxic Mode Blooms下。在倒数第二段可找到答案。

9. sick and injured。题干讲到受灾区的基本生活条件，已不涉及mold的内容，估计答案在Disaster Response Care下，用Katrina-struck定位原文，答案在第三段。

10. natural disasters。最后一题一般涉及最后一个标题下的内容。根据题干中的信息词All of these conditions定位原文，在倒数第二段首句可找到答案。

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. B 信息明示题。男士问女士明晚能否和汤姆来吃饭，女士表示可以，还说他们本没有出行的安排，即女士同意了男士的邀请，故选B。

12. B 综合推断题。男士说莫尼卡学英语句子学得快但忘得也快，由此推断，莫尼卡的

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英语不好，故选B。

13. C 信息明示题。男士说他们用野餐篮带午饭，然后在河边用餐，故选C。

14. C 综合推断题。男士说明年应该做点儿别的，由此可知，男士明年会去别的地方，故选C。

15. B 综合推断题。女士说她让学生们做练习时，彼特坐在那儿看着窗外，言外之意是彼特上课不专心，故选B。

16. B 综合推断题。由对话中的signal, car driving carelessly, speed以及男士和女士说话的语气可以推断，他们在为交通事故相互指责，所以B正确。

17. D 综合推断题。女士说她姐姐(或妹妹)在马尼拉学服装设计，由此可知，女士的姐姐现在在菲律宾，故选D。本题要注意的是马尼拉是菲律宾的首都。

18. A 信息明示题。女士说自己将和朋友去看电影，由此可知，A正确。

Conversation One

19. D 信息明示题。女士说，现在人们开始相信一种着装心理学，即支配人们穿什么衣服的不仅有个人品味，还有人们想通过衣服表达一些想法，这些想法可能自己都未曾意识到。故选D。

20. A 信息明示题。由女士所说的probably feeling homesick和a general feeling of insecurity可知，A正确。

21. D 综合推断题。女士认为善交际的人偏爱明亮、炫目的颜色，由此推断，害羞的人则偏爱灰暗的颜色，故选D。

22. A 综合推断题。结合听力材料可知，女士很精通服装，男士则不断用引导话语向女士提问，由此推断，男士可能是记者而女士可能是服装设计师，故选A。

Conversation Two

23. A 综合推断题。女士觉得自己在历史课上所做的阐述非常糟糕，男士问她是否没有准备好，女士回答说自己在一群人面前讲话时总是感到尴尬和紧张，由此推断，女士的问题应该是在课上感到尴尬，故选A。

24. B 综合推断题。女士问男士是否会在教授叫他回答问题时脸也变得非常红，男士借此建议女士别再想周围的人，而是看房间里其他的东西，例如说出口标志，由此推断，男士认为这样可以使女士不那么紧张，故选B。

25. D 综合推断题。男士说小孩几乎不会脸红，而成人之中，女性可能比男士更容易脸红，由此推断，小孩与成人相比，很少脸红，故选D。

Section B

Passage One

26. B 主旨题。文章开头便指出Rats are the enemy of human beings，再结合听力材料可知，文章绝大部分在讲老鼠带来的危害，故选B。

27. D 信息明示题。文章提到The most terrible destruction caused by rats has come from the diseases they carry，即老鼠带来最可怕的危害是它们传播疾病，故选D。

28. B 信息明示题。本题的关键是文章中的one-third和Europe。文章虽然提到了India，但说的是老鼠给印度带来饥荒，故排除A，选B。

Passage Two

29. D 主旨题。文章开头指出a Japanese soldier hid deep in the jungles of Guam，再结合听力材料可知，全文内容都围绕该日本士兵展开，故选D;干扰项B提到的只是文章内容的一部分，应排除。

30. C 信息明示题。文章提到，在横井庄一回来后，东京的一家商店展出了他在丛林中穿的衣服和使用的工具，引来350，000人参观，故选C。

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31. B 信息明示题。文章提到横井庄一呆在关岛上是因为he felt "shame and dishonor" after the war，故选B。

Passage Three

32. C 主旨题。文章提到Stradivarius小提琴非常独特，并指出Stradivarius制作小提琴的全过程连他的儿子也不清楚，最后还猜测了Stradivarius小提琴音调独特的原因，故选C。

33. D 信息明示题。文章提到During his career he made over eleven hundred violins by hand，故选D。

34. A 信息明示题。文章提到the secret of the Stradivarius violin died with its maker，再结合Stradivarius kept his notes safely hidden可知，Stradivarius小提琴的手工制作方法随着Stradivarius的去世而失传，故选A。

35. C 综合推断题。文章最后猜测了Stradivarius小提琴音调独特的原因，但并没有提到有关制作步骤的内容，故选C。

Section C

36. issued

37. current

38. payments

39. charged

40. victim

41. opened

42. contain

43. Corporation

44. That company developed a way to represent credit risk with a number. The number is based on information gathered by credit reporting agencies.

45. But lenders are not the only ones interested in these numbers.

46. People with high scores can expect lower interest rates for loans. The idea is that the higher the score, the lower the risk.

Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

Section A

47. E 结合句意“当别人对你________时，你是否曾经不敢反驳?”在备选项的副词中，E(不公平地)最符合文章。

48. C 结合句意“我们整个________的目的就是让人们怀疑自己 ”，再根据备选项中的名词释义，C最符合文章。且文章的下两句都是对这一system的解释。

49. L 下文提到的These superiors即指空格所缺内容，故L正确。

50. H 该空应填入动词原形。由上文提到的Many people are afraid to assert themselves和下文提到的"assertiveness training" courses可推知，H最符合文意。

51. D 结合句意“他们(科学家)________‘自信训练’课程”来看选项，D最符合文意。

52. B 上文和空格所在句都提到通过学习课程能给人们带来很多益处，由此推测该空应填入一个含积极之意的形容词，故B(活跃的)符合文章。

53. M 结合句意“在某种程度上，学会大声说出来的目的就是________恐惧心理”可知，M(战胜)最符合句意。

54. G 结合句意“但AT采用一个更为强大的________，即互相分享的需要”来看选项，G(动机)最符合文意。

55. A 结合常理和上文提到的If someone you face is more"important"than you, you may feel less of a person可推知，此时人很容易怀疑自我，故A符合文意。

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56. J 该空应填入名词，结构句意“你依照别人的________行事”和下文对此的否定可推知，J最符合文意。

Section B

Passage one

57. A 细节题。由文章首句可知，在自然界中，猿与人最相似，故选A。

58. C 细节题。由文章第三段倒数第二、三句可知，猿的腿短而无力，但手臂很强壮，故选C。倒数第一句说强壮的手臂使得猿能够swing而不是swim，排除D。由该段第一、二句可排除A、B。

59. B 细节题。文章第四段指出，猿四处迁居以寻找蔬菜与水果，它们累了就在树上造窝，偶尔在窝里休息一两个晚上，然后继续迁移以找到更多的食物，所以B正确。

60. A 细节题。文章第五段指出，长臂猿(gibbon)高不足3英尺，重仅14磅;大猩猩(gorilla)高6英尺，重达600磅;猩猩(orangutan)高3至5英尺，重200磅。综合可知，A正确。

61. D 推断题。文章最后一段指出，黑猩猩是所有猿中最聪明的，可以做人类儿童能做的事情，由此推断，黑猩猩的智力与人类儿童的智力相似，故选D。

Passage Two

62. D 细节题。由文章第一段Handicapped students require special education because they are 可知，文中提及的特殊教育针对的是有智力和身体残疾的学生们，故选D。

63. B 推断题。文章第二段第二句指出，残疾儿童往往需要老师不厌其烦地反复教导，接着谈到互动式影碟课件可以不断地重放课程，由此推断，影碟课件使学习有困难的学生能够回放他们想再次学习的课程，故选B。

64. A 推断题。文章第三段前两句指出，希利教授解释说耳聋和智力发展迟缓的孩子很难明白比喻性的话语和较为复杂的语言概念，所以他们需要直观的图解，而影碟能够帮助他们，由此推断A正确。

65.B 主旨题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了对残疾孩子的特殊教育和辅助这种特殊教育的影碟课件，故选B。

66. B 语义题。文章第一段第二句的大意是“在该国3至21岁的学生中，约有11%的学生有________从而影响了他们授受常规教育的能力”habit意为“习惯”，disability意为“残疾”，misconception意为“误解”，belief意为“信仰”，由句意可知B正确。

Part V Cloze

67. A 惯用搭配题。in the hands of 意为“由 控制或照料”，是惯用搭配，刚好与句意相符，所以A正确。

68. B 逻辑衔接题。此处缺少的是定语，四个选项中A、B都可以充当定语，growing意为“成长的，正在长大的”，grown意为“长大成人的，成年的”，结合前文内容可知，应选B。

69. C 词义辨析题。regular意为“定期的，有规律的”，与visitors搭配指“定期来看望的人”，故选C。normal意为“正常的”，constant意为“经常的”，lasting意为“持续的”，均排除。

70. A 词义辨析题。下文对前面提到的观点进行了反驳，也就是说前面所说的情况不是真实存在的，故选A(不真实的、虚构的)。imaginable意为“可想象的”，imaginative意为“富于想象力的”，imagery意为“肖像”，均排除。

71.A 逻辑衔接题。此处应用that引导定语从句充当care的定语，故选A。

72. B 逻辑衔接题。根据上下文可知，该句谈到社会学家研究了美国家庭如何在改变，应该用how引导宾语从句，表示改变的方式，故选B。

73. D 词义辨析题。common意为“普通的，共同的”，强调一种趋同的ordinary与special

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相对立，强调平凡，毫无特性;standard意为“标准的”;average意为“一般的，平均的”，强调的是在类型或特征上通常的或平均情况由此可知本题选D。

74. C 词义辨析题。still意为“尽管如此，但 仍然”，表让步，however意为“然而”，表转折，moreover意为“而且”，whereas意为“尽管”。分析上下文可知，前后两句应为递进关系，故选C。

75. B 词义辨析题。ago意为“以前”，指从现在算起，故选B。before意为“以前”指从过去某个时刻算起，做排除。

76. A 词义辨析题。share意为“共享，共有”，与a common characteristic搭配意为“具有共同的特征”，所以A正确。

77. B 词义辨题。句中谓语为are，故此处应填入一个复数形式的名词，所以B正确。

78. C 逻辑衔接题。本句的主句是过去时，故排除will和can，而word表示一种意原，也应排除，故选C。

79. B 词义解析题。question和inquire意为“询问，疑问”，interrogate意为“审问”，interview意为“面试，访问”，此处句意为“社会工作者该问护理人员想弄明白为什么他们要承担照顾年纪大的亲戚的责任”，所以B正确。

80. C 惯用搭配题。take in意为“欺骗;收容”，take up意为“从事”，take on意为“承担”，take off意为“脱下;起飞”，只有take on能与responsibility搭配，故选C。

81. D 词义辨析题。admiration意为“羡慕”，initiative意为“主动”，necessity意为“必要性”，obligation意为“责任，义务”，此处句意为“护理人员相信他们有这个义务帮助他们的亲戚”，所以D正确。

82. C 惯用搭配题。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，符合句意，所以C正确。

83. A 词义辨析题。someone泛指某个人，anyone和anybody指任何人，everyone指每个人，结构句意可知，A正确。

84. B 词义辨析题。elderly意为“年纪稍老的”，dependent意为“依靠别人的”，dependable意为“可靠的”，independent意为“独立的”，此处句意为“当他们老了需要依靠别人时，他们应该得到照顾”，所以B正确。

85. C 词义辨析题。similarly意为“同样地、相似地”，differently意为“不同地”，mutually意为“共同地”，certainly意为“当然地”，结合句意，照顾老人和被照顾是一种相互关系，由此可知，C正确。

86. A 词义辨析题。involved意为“涉及的，牵涉到的”，excluded意为“排除在外的，不包括的”，included意为“包含的”，considered意为“被考虑到”，此句意为“照顾老人和被照顾是一种相互的关系，每个人都有可能涉足其中”，所以A正确。

Part VI Translation

87. Thanks to a kind-hearted taxi driver

thanks to 后跟名词或名词性成分，意为“多亏了 ，由于 ”，在本句的翻译中，直接跟“出租车司机”就行了，不必再翻译“遇到”。

88. This is a matter of life and death

“生死攸关的问题”在英语中有对应的表达：a matter of life and death。

89. has caused wide public concern over the recent years

“引起广泛关注”常译为cause wide public concern，由题干中的“近些年来”可知，该句的谓语动词应该用现在完成时。

90. something must have gone wrong

表达“肯定发生了什么事”，是一种对过去的比较肯定的推测，常用句型must have done 。

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91. It should be taken into consideration

一见到类似“应当注意的是 ”的句子，就应该想到形式主语句型(It should be )，it 的具体内容用that从句表示即可。

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