常见前后缀

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Wish you greater success in the future English learning!

常见的词缀

常见的前缀

1.否定前缀

un- uncomfortable, unacceptable, in- incomplete, incapable,

im- imperfect, impartial, immortal,impossible dis- disable, disadvantage

mis- misplace, mislead, misfortune ab- abnormal

de- deactivate, degrade il- illegal, illiterate ir- irregular, irrelative

mal- malfunction, malnutrition

2. trans — across(横过)through(通过)beyond(那边)from one place to another transplant 移植(器官) transaction 交易 transform 完全改变…的外观/特性

transition 过渡,转变 transition from A to B transition period transient短暂的 transformation(常做陪衬) transfer 传递,迁移 translate 翻译 transport 运输

3. com-, con- 1、加强语气 2、共同,一起

combine, compete, compromise confirm, conspicuous, concession

4. -tain 1、支撑 2、保持,维持,保留 sustain, retain, maintain

5. re- 再,又,回,反 renew, reshape, refresh

6. uni- / mono- one(一个),sole(单一的) uniform, unique, unity monotonous (单调的),monopoly (垄断)

7. ex- 向外,超出

expand extend exceed excessive exclusive(ly) excursion

8. pre-/pro- 前,在前

predominant precede, previous, proceed, prominent, propel

9. magn- 大(large)

magnify(microscope), magnificent,

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micro- 小、细微

microsoft, microscope, microwave oven,

10. viv- /vit- live, life 生命,生活 Vivid, survive, revive vital, vitamin

11. inter- 在……之间 相互

intervene, interfere,international

12. man/manu- hand (手工)

manufacture , manipulate,manuscript

13. sci- knowledge

science, scientific, consciousness

14. sub- / sus- 下,次,附属

subsidiary subordinate(to) sustain

15. laps 滑,落

(时间)elapse, collapse

16. spec- / spic- look

spectator, speculate, spectacular,

17.clud(s)-, clos- 关闭shut conclude, include ,exclusive close

18. not- note 注意

notify notion(=idea) notorious

19. homo- same homogeneously

20. simul- together Simultaneously

21. multi— 多,多倍

multiply, a multitude of

22. contra, contro 相反

Contradiction contrary controversy

23. dict- 说,讲say, tell, speak

dictate, dictator , dictionary, verdict,

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24. per-through

permeate, perplex, permanent, perpetual,

25. ver- truth verify verdict

26. -logy study(研究 课题) science biology psychology

27. -vert / -vers turn

divert advertise diversify versatile

28. -ics 作抽象名词的后缀,表学科 economics politics physics

29. -ist 表示“人”

pianist geologist typist

30. bio- life

biography biology

31. -ician 从事……专业的人 music → musician

32. -ism ……主义……论(抽象名词) realism Marxism

33. -cid kill

suicide insecticide

34. mort- death

mortal mortality

35. -scrib / -scrip write draw

describe inscribe prescribe subscribe description inscription prescription subscription ascription

36. di-/du-/ambi- /bi- two, double dilemma / duplicate / bilateral

37. tri- three triangle

38. bene- good, well, happily

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benefit beneficiary

39. volu/ volv- roll(滚动)turn(转动) evolution revolution involve revolve

40. fer carry(带) produce(生产) transfer refer fertile

41. phil- love philosophy

42. deca- ten decade

43. cred believe

credible incredible credit

44. cent one hundred century

45. mill / kilo 一千,千分之一

millennium million kilometer kilogram

46. dom-- master, control

Domain dominate, dominant, predominant

47. val 有权力,影响

valid, invalid, valuable, evaluate, prevalent(popular)

48. graph / gram write

biography, geography / grammar, telegram

49. equi — 同等,相等 equivalent equilibrium

50. bat beat打

debate combat battle batter battery

51. seg, sect cut

segment, segregate / section intersection

52. plex 折叠 perplex complex

53. en- / -ify make …化

enlarge entitle enrich enable simplify magnify signify

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54. sym- / syn- 共同same, 类似

Similar/sympathy/ symptom/symmetry/ syndrome

55 path feeling

pathetic sympathy sympathetic

56. ceed / cess / cede / cest / cur run

proceed/recession, access, excess, successor precede, recede ancestor current currency excursion occur

57. serv 保存,保护(protect) conserve preserve

58. –able , -ible 可…… respectable, imaginable comprehensible

59. hypo- 下,在…之下 hypothesis hypotension

60. –pel 推

propel, expel, repel, dispel, impel, compel

61. -scend climb ascend descend

62. -spir

aspire, inspire, expire, respire, conspire

63. sent, sens- feeling

Sentimental,sense, consensus

64. grav- 重

grave, gravity, aggravate (grieve)

65.-lev 轻,上升

alleviate, elevate (relieve)

66.-rupt break

bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt

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常见的后缀

1. 名词后缀

(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人

1)-an, -ain, 表示\……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian, 2)-al, 表示\具有……职务的人\

3)-ant,-ent, 表示\……者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar, 表示\……的人” scholar, liar, peddler

5)-ard, -art, 表示\做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)

6)-arian, 表示\……派别的人, ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary, 表示\从事……的人\8)-ant, 表示\具有……职责的人\9)-ator, 表示\做……的人\投机者)

10)-crat, 表示\某种政体,主义的支持者\11)-ee, 表示\动作承受者\12)-eer, 表示\从事于……人\

13)-er, 表示\从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人\14)-ese, 表示\……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)-ess, 表示\阴性人称名词, actress, hostess, manageress 16)-eur, 表示\……家” amateur, littérateur 17)-ian, 表示\……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生),musician

18)-ician, 表示\精通者, ……家,”electrician, magician, technician

19)-icist, 表示\……家, …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist 20)-ic, 表示\……者,……师\

21)-ie, 表示\爱,指小\小姑娘)

22)-ier, 表示\从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠) 23)-ine, ian, 表示\阴性人称\

24)-ist, 表示\从事……研究者,信仰……主义者\25)-ive, 表示\动作者,行为者” native, captive

26)-logist, 表示\……学家,研究者\地质学家) 27)-or, 表示\……者\

28)-ster, 表示\做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster 29)-yer, 表示\从事……职业者” lawyer

(2). 构成,具有抽象名词的含义

1)-acy, 表示\性质,状态,境遇\

2)-age, 表示\状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称\3)-al, a) 表示\事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal 4)-ance, -ence表示\性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience

5)-ancy, -ency, 表示\性质,状态,行为,过程\6)-bility, 表示\动作,性质,状态\

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7)-craft, 表示\工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策) 8)-cracy, 表示\统治,支配\

9)-cy, 表示\性质,状态,职位,级别\破产),supremacy 10)-dom, 表示\等级,领域,状态\11)-ery, -ry, 表示\行为,状态,习性\12)-ety, 表示\性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)

13)-faction, -facture, 表示\作成,……化,作用\14)-hood, 表示\资格,身份, 年纪,状态\15)-ice, 表示\行为,性质,状态\16)-ine, 表示\带有抽象概念\17)-ing, 表示\动作的过程,结果\

18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示\行为的过程,结果,状况\destruction, expression_r_r, correction

19)-ise, 表示\性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)

20)-ism, 表示\制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为\21)-ity, 表示\性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

22)-ment, 表示\行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

23)-mony, 表示\动作的结果,状态\

24)-ness, 表示\性质,状态,程度\25)-or, -our, 表示\动作,性质,状态\26)-osity, 表示\动作,状态” curiosity

27)-ship, 表示\情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th, 表示\动作,性质,过程,状态\29)-tude, 表示\性质,状态,程度\海拔)

30)-ure, 表示\行为,结果\手续), 31)-y, 表示\行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry

(3) 带有场所,地方的含义

1)-age, 表示\住所,地点\

2)-ary, 表示\住所,场地\谷仓)

3)-ery, ry, 表示\工作场所,饲养所,地点\手术室) 4)-ory, 表示\工作场所,住处\

(4) 带有学术,科技含义

1)-grapy, 表示\……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 2)-ic, ics, 表示\……学……法\3)-ology, 表示\……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 4)-nomy, 表示\……学……术\生态学) 5)-ery, 表示\学科,技术\6)-y, 表示\……学,术,法” photography, philosophy

(5) 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义 1)-age, baggage, tonnage

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2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界) 3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁) 5)-ure, legislature, judicature

(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义 1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant

2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报) 3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱) 4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)-ery, drapery(绸缎) 6)-ing, clothing, matting,

7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment

(7) 表示“细小”的含义 1)-cle, particle,

2)-cule, molecule(分子) 3)-el, parcel

4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket

6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文) 7)-kin, napkin 8)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy

2. 形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary

7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory

13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)

(2) 表示“相象,类似”的含义 1)-ish, boyish, childish

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2)-esque, picturesque 3)-like, manlike, childlike

4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty

(3) 表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent, violent,

(4) 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产含义 1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific

(5) 表示方向的含义 1)-ern, eastern, western

2)-ward, downward, forward

(6) 表示“倍数”的含义 1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple

3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty

3)-th, fourth, fiftieth

(8) 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义 1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese,

3)-ish, English, Spanish

(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义 1)-er, greater

2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest

4)-most, foremost, topmost

(10)其他的含义

-less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless

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3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示\做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示\使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示\使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示\使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副词后缀

1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply

2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)-ways, always, sideways 4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise

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