人教版八年级英语上时态讲义及练习

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人教版八年级英语上册知识总结

时态 一般现在时 一.动词变化:一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。 在加词尾-s时要注意: 情况 加法 例词 一般情况 加-s reads, writes, says 以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的加-es teaches, washes, guesses, 词 fixes, goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变y为i再加-es try-tries 词 carry-carries 二.一般现在时表示: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作, 常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple. (4)表示客观、普遍的真理。Two and four makes six. 三 句型 1. 肯定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语 (1) 行为动词: a. 主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时(I, you, we, they, the boys),主语+动词原形+宾语。 They go to school every day. b.主语为第三人称单数时(it, he,she, Lily),主语+动词s/es+宾语。 Lily often likes singing. (2)系动词(be): 主语+系动词+表语。 I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is… 2.否定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语 (1) 行为动词: a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时,主语+don’t+动词原形。 They don’t go to school every day. b.主语为第三人称单数时,主语+doesn’t +动词原形。 Lily doesn’t like singing. (2)系动词(be): 主语+is/am/are后加not+表语 I am not a worker. 3. 一般疑问句结构: (1)行为动词 a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时, Do+they/we/you+动词原形 Do they go to school every day? (Yes, they do. No, they don’t.) b.主语为第三人称单数时, Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形 Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.) (2) 系动词(be): is/am/are+主语+表语 Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I’m not.) 4.特殊疑问句结构 第 1 页 共 9 页

人教版八年级英语上册知识总结

特殊疑问词(what, how often, which, where,who)+一般疑问句? (1)行为动词

What do they do every day?

How often does Peter go fishing? (2) 系动词(be):

Who is the girl at that gate?

一般过去时

一.动词变化:一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态,在句中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。 构成规则 原形 过去式 一般在动词末尾加-ed work worked plant planted play played 结尾是e的动词在末尾加like liked -d live lived change changed 末尾只有一个辅音字母的plan(计划) planned 重读闭音节词,先双写这stop stopped 个辅音字母,再加-ed drop dropped 以辅音字母加y结尾的,carry carried 先变y为i再加-ed study studied cry cried 二.一般过去时表示: (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用,如What did you have for breakfast this morning? (2)表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,这时常和表示频度的状语连用,如Last term we often did experiments.

三.句型

1. 肯定句结构:

(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式

The twins went to school two hours ago.

(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were… I was at home last night. 2.否定句结构:

(1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形

The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago. (2)系动词(be): 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语。 I wasn’t at home last night. 3. 一般疑问句结构:

(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…? 第 2 页 共 9 页

人教版八年级英语上册知识总结

Did the twins go to school two hours ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.) (2)系动词(be): was/were+主语+表语…? Were you at home last night?

(Yes, I was. No, I was’t.) 4.特殊疑问句结构

特殊疑问词(what, how often, which, where,who)+一般疑问句? ★频度副词:通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时,频率副词常放在行为动词之前,系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

1.常见的频度副词有:always(总是,一直)、usually(通常)、often(常常,经常)、sometimes(有时候)、never(从不)、hardly ever(几乎从不)、every day(每天)。

2.频度副词的位置:

a.放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。

David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7:10去上学。

c. sometimes可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。

Sometimes I walk home, and sometimes I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。

3. every day 与 everyday

a. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:

We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7:10去上学。

I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。

b. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日

常英语。

What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么?

★ 练习

1. How often _does____ your father drink__(drink) wine? 2. His mother __comes___ (come) to see him once a week. 3. Her sister __will not stay___ (not stay) at home on Sundays. 4. Where __were___ (be) you last night? 5. She exercises every day. (划线部分提问)

__ How often__ __does she __ exercise ?

6. Jim always does his homework after school.(改为否定句) Jim ____ never does__ his homework after school.

7. He never goes fishing, ___ does he___?(完成反意疑问句) 8. He (go)__ goes____to the park every day.

9. __Do____ Lucy and Lily (like)__ like ____China?

10. Li Lei(not like)__ doesn't like____ to drink orange soda.

11. ___Did ___Li Ming’s father (have)_ have _____ his lunch at home? 12. Everybody (have)__ has ____ a chance to win.

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人教版八年级英语上册知识总结

13.___ Did ___you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. 14.Did Tom ____go___ home at five yesterday? No, he ____didn’t___. He came home at six.

15.What ____did___ you ___buy____ at the store? I bought a camera. 16. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I __was_____.

17. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house. 18.When I ______(knock)at his door, he was cooking.

19.Tom and I ______(am, are, was, were)late for school yesterday.

20.If you want to improve your spoken English, you must speak more ____ English ____.

A. everyday; every day; B. every day; everyday;

现在进行时

一.动词变化:现在进行时由“am /is /are+动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下:

(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。 stay-staying do-doing listen-listening suffer-suffering work-working spend-spending look-looking

(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing。 make-making take-taking give-giving ride-riding please-pleasing refuse-refusing close-closing operate-operating

(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。 put-putting sit-sitting run-running win-winning begin-beginning 二.现在进行时表示: (1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词,如look(看),listen(听)。

What are you reading now?

Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.

(2)表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. (3)表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。

现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,即可以用来代替将来时。

When are you leaving?

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人教版八年级英语上册知识总结

Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?

三.句型

1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing… 例如: The boys are playing football now. 2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not

例如: The boys aren’t playing football now.

3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前.

例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.) 4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 一般将来时

一.动词变化:一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与tomorrow, next 引导的短语(如next week),this引导的短语(如this year), from now on;in the future等连用。 二.一般将来时的用法 (1)Will/Shall+ 动词原形 表示将要发生的动作或情况。

a. I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。 b. Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗?

①在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。如: We’ll only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。

②在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见,或是询问一个情况:

Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗?

在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。例如:

How will I get there? 我怎么去? (2)be going to+动词原形

①表示打算、准备做的事。如:

We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。 ②表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。如: I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。

There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。 ③“will”句型与“be going to”句型区别。前者表示纯粹将来,后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情,更强调主语的主观意愿。如: Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。

We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。 (3)用现在进行时表示。

表示位置转移的动词(如:go, come, leave, start, come, go, arrive, reach等),可用现在进行时态表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。如: Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。

They’re leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。

I'm leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。 (4)用一般现在时表示。

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