英语中的单词形式变换（最全最新） - 图文

英语中的单词形式变换

名词单数变复数

动词的现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、现在分词

目录

名词单数变复数 ............................................................... 2 动词加s ..................................................................... 5 中学阶段所有加ing要双写的动词 ............................................... 6 过去式和过去分词构成法 ....................................................... 9

不规则动词表 ............................................................ 11

名词单数变复数

加S的发音（读音）规则总结：清清 浊元浊 解释：

当以清辅音结尾时 发S

当以浊辅音或元音结尾时 发Z 举例：

1发音以清辅音结尾的单词变复数后发|S|音。但|∫|，|S|，|t∫|结尾的音除外。 如books，grapes。

2发音以浊辅音和元音结尾的单词变复数后发|Z|的音。但|Z|，|d3|，|3|结尾的音除外。 如potatoes，bags，ties

3发音以|∫|，|S|，|t∫|，|Z|，|d3|，|3|结尾的单词变复数后发|iz|的音。如dresses，dishes，bridges

一般构成方法

1、一般情况 加 -s

1）清辅音后读/s/; map-maps

2）浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags 读 /z/; car-cars

2、以s,sh,ch,

x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses ,watch-watches

3、以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses

4、以辅音字母+y 变y 为i 结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies

特殊构成方法：

1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如： two Marys the Henrys

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays

比较： 层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：

a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos；

b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

为了方便记忆，在此我们用一句话来把那几个单词连在一起：黑人英雄只吃土豆番茄（条件艰苦）。 里面包含的单词分别是：黑人negro;英雄hero; 土豆potato; 番茄tomato.

c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：

a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs；

b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves

knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可,如： handkerchief:

handkerchiefs / handkerchieves

特殊名词

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形 如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说

a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 \ <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

动词加s

动词加s 表示的是时态，即一般现在时，而且是单数第三人称。例如：

Mr. Wang works in that factory. (work加s 表示一般现在时，而且是单数第三人称) He goes to school at 7:45 on weekdays. (go加es 表示一般现在时，而且是单数第三人称)

The library opens at 8:00 a.m. (这里指一个图书馆，也属于单数第三人称。)

注意：谓语动词不作任何变化(即原型动词)也表示一般现在时，它用于I, you 以及复数： Sometimes they listen to English radio. (这里的listen 也表示的是一般现在时)

动词加s

那么，名词加s与动词加s，这两者之间有什么联系呢？ 1、 两者加s的规则基本相同。例如： 名词： 动词： 直接加s，如：bags, doors 直接加s, 如：works, runs 改y为i再加es, 如：factories, contries 改y为i再加es, 如：studies, carries 不规则变化：child-children, (无) person-people

2、在一般现在时等时态中，主语单数与复数对谓语动词的影响，即两者的联系。例如： 一般现在时：

The boy (主语是单数) plays (谓语动词要加s) football on Saturdays. The boys (主语是复数) play (谓语动词不需要加s，即原型动词) football on Saturdays.

Our class doesn't being at 7:50 in the morning. (doesn't 用于单数第三人称的否定形式。)

Those men don't work in the company. (don't 用于主语是复数的时候)

正在进行时：

The child (主语是单数) is (be 动词用is ) watching TV at home now. 1、pretensions表示复数

在no后面常加复数，表示没有... no buildings , no dreams..etc.

中学阶段所有加ing要双写的动词

一、首先了解一下“闭音节”的基本知识：以辅音结尾的音节称为“闭音节”，如果这个闭音节在单词里是重读的，则这个音节叫做“重读闭音节”；

二、如果一个动词以“重读闭音节”结尾，则其现在分词/动名词的构成通常是“双写词尾的那个辅音字母，然后加 ing”；

三、 “双写词尾辅音字母后加ing”的情况，必须同时满足以下四个条件：

1、 该动词的发音以重读闭音节结尾；rabbet (vt.嵌接) - rabbeting：不要双写\，因为重读音节在第一个音节上，不符合条件1； 2、结尾闭音节符合“1个辅音字母 + 1个元音字母 + 1个辅音字母” ；bleed - bleeding；不要双写\，最后那个辅音字母前有两个元音字母，不符合上述条件2； 3、结尾的辅音字母不是“x”； fix - fixing 单词结尾的辅音字母是“x”时，不要双写。 4、该动词的拼写规则没有例外。 5、举例：

begin - beginning: 以一个辅音字母结尾、重读，符合上述全部条件； reject - rejecting：不要双写\，因为结尾有两个辅音字母； 6、特殊举例

control - controling 或 controlling 都可以，这是“拼写例外”的情形； kidnap - kidnaping 或 kidnapping 都可以，也是“拼写例外”的情形。

综上所述，会读一个单词，知道重音在第几个音节上很重要，然后再记住上述规则，你就基本上不会犯错了！

现将初、高中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个字母加ing的动词归纳如下： 中学阶段特殊动词的现在分词、过去式、过去分对照词表 （红色为特例） 英文 admit 中 文 承认，允许进入，允许 音标 现在分词 过去式 admitted 过去分词 admitted babysat banned begged begun betted chatted [?d?mit] admitting [?b?bi?sit] [b?n] [beɡ] [bet] [t??t] babysit 临时照看婴儿 ban beg begin bet chat 禁止，剥夺权利 恳求，乞讨 开始，着手 打赌，确信无疑 闲谈，聊天 babysitting babysat banning begging betting chatting banned begged began betted chatted [bi?ɡin] beginning control 控制，支配，掌管 cut dig dot drag drip drop equip fit [k?n?tr?ul] 切，割，剪，削减 [k?t] 挖掘；探究，发掘；[diɡ] 刺，戳； 打点于；散布于；点缀； 拖，拉，迫使，缓慢行进 [d?t] [dr?ɡ] controlling controlled controlled cutting digging dotting dragging dripping dropping cut dug dotted dragged dripped dropped equipped fitted cut dug dotted dragged dripped dropped equipped fitted forbidden forgotten got;gotten hit hugged jogged let mopped napped nodded patted 滴出；含有；充满；[drip] 充溢 使）落下；投下；[dr?p] （使）降低；减少 适合，安装 [fit] 装备，具备，准备 [i?kwip] equipping fitting forbid 禁止，阻止，不许 [f??bid] forbidding forbade forget 忘记，忽略 get hit hug jog let mop nap nod pat [f??ɡet] forgetting forgot getting hitting hugged jogging letting mopping napping nodding patting got hit hugged jogged let mopped napped nodded patted 得到，患（病），[ɡet] 达到 打(击)，袭击，达[hit] 到 拥抱，紧抱，抱有 [h?ɡ] 慢跑，轻推 让，允许 用拖把拖，擦拭 [d??ɡ] [let] [m?p] 打盹，疏忽 [n?p] 点头，打盹，（使）[n?d] 摆动 轻拍，爱抚；拍成，[p?t] 拍至 permit 允许，许可 plan [p??mit] permitting permitted permitted planning planned planned 安排，计划，设计 [pl?n] [pri?fprefer 宁可，较喜欢 ?:] 放，安置，提交，put [put] 记下 refer 参考，谈及，咨询 [ri?f?:] [ri?ɡregret 后悔，惋惜 ret] preferring preferred preferred putting referring put referred put referred regretting regretted regretted rid rob rot rub run set shop shut sit skip slip spit split spot step stop swap swim trap 摆脱，除去 vt.使 摆脱，解除，免除 [rid] 抢劫，掠夺 [r?b] 腐烂，使...枯朽，[r?t] 消瘦 擦，摩擦； 用…擦； [r?b] 触怒 跑，运营，蔓延，[r?n] 传播 放置，设定，确定，[set] 调整 逛商店，购物 坐，孵，适合 [??p] [sit] 关闭，合拢，停止 [??t] 跳过，略过，遗漏 [skip] 滑倒，滑脱，疏忽，[slip] 溜走 吐,吐口水，厉声说[spit] 出 分裂，分离，劈开 [split] 玷污，认出 踏，以步测量 [sp?t] [step] ridding robbing rotting rubbing running setting shopping shutting sitting skipping slipping spitting splitting spotting stepping stopping swapping swimming trapping ridded robbed rotted rubbed ran set shopped shut sat skipped slipped spatspit split spotted stepped stopped swapped swam trapped ridded robbed rotted rubbed run set shopped shut sitten skipped slipped spatspit split spotted stepped stopped swapped swum trapped 停止，阻止，停留 [st?p] 交换，用...作交易 [sw?p] 游泳 设圈套，陷入（困境） [swim] [tr?p] travel [?tr?v?旅行；传送；前进 (例外) l] 绊倒，旅行，轻快trip [trip] 地走 whip win wrap 鞭打，抽打；严厉地折磨 赢，赢得，获胜，获得 包，裹，覆盖，隐藏 [wip] [win] [r?p] travelling travelled travelled tripping whipping winning wrapping tripped whipped won[w?n] wrapped tripped whipped won wrapped 过去式和过去分词构成法

1）英语中大部分动词都以加-ed词尾的办法构成过去式及过去分词： 现在时（动词原形） 过去式 过去分词 work worked worked appear appeared appeared talk talked talked play played played 这类动词称为规则动词（Regular Verbs）。 2）在加-ed 词尾时要注意几个问题：

a．若末尾已有字母e，则只加-d:

live —— lived please —— pleased free —— freed b．若以“辅音（字母）＋y”结尾，先变y为i再加-ed:

try —— tried study —— studied simplify ——simplified c．若是以“一个元音字母＋ 一个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读者，末尾字母要双写，然后再加-ed:

stop —— stopped fit —— fitted chat —— chatted d．其他的词都直接加-ed:

lack —— lacked open —— opened repeat —— repeated 3）另外，还有几点值得注意：

a．以“一个元音＋l”结尾的词，英国人都把l双写，美国人都不双写： travel —— travelled (英)，traveled (美) marvel —— marvelled (美)，marveled (美)

b．l前若有两个元音，l一概不双写（英美都如此）： reveal —— revealled appeal —— appealed

c．有少数词，尽管末尾音节并不重读，末尾辅音字母在英国仍双写： worship —— worshipped (英) ，worshiped (美) kidnap —— kidnapped (英)， kidnapped (美)

但progarm—— programmed（英，美），progarmed（美国人有时用这种拼法）。 d．以x结尾的词，x不双写：

mix —— mixed fix —— fixed

4）在英语中，在加-ed词尾时，末尾字母双写的词常见的有： ban bar bat beg blot brag brim chat chop clap cram crop dam dip dot drag drop drum dub fan fit flag grap grin grip gun hop hug hum jam jog jot knit lag man mar mob mop mug nag net nip nod pad pat pen pin pit plan plod plug pop prop rip rob rot rub scan scar scrap skruship shop shred b skim skin skip skid spot squat stap sob strip stun sun strathrob tip top p wrap thin commicompeconfer wag t l excel alloenrol equip propel t outwipatrohandicemit t l ap omit submitransrepet mit l 5）下面的词在加-ed时，在英国末尾字母要双写，而在美国却不一定双写：

cancel dial equal hiccup initial kidnap label level marvel model pedal pencil program quarrel refuel revel rival shovel shrivel total travel tunnel unravel worship 注：在加-ing 词尾时，4）中所列词的情况也一样。

shrug slam star swap trap abet control expel recap shun slap stem tag trim abhor defer incur refer sin slip step tan trip acquit deter instil regret sip snap stop tap trot admit distil occur remit

不规则动词表

不规则动词表 Infinitive 不定式 abide alight arise awake be bear beat become befall beget begin behold bend bereave beseech beset bespeak bespread bestrew bestride bet betake bethink bid bide bind bite bleed blend Past Tense 过去式 abode,abided alighted,alit arose awoke was,were bore beat became befell begot began beheld bent bereaved,bereft besought,beseeched beset bespoke bespread bestrewed bestrode bet,betted betook bethought bade,bid bode,bided bound bit bled blended,blent Past Participle 过去分词 abode,abided alighted,alit arisen awoke,awaked been borne,born beaten become befallen begotten,begot begun beheld bent bereaved,bereft besought,beseeched beset bespoken,bespoke bespread bestrewed,bestrewn bestridden,bestrid,bestrode bet,betted betaken bethought bidden,bid bided bound bitten,bit bled blended,blent bless blow break breed bring broadcast browbeat build burn burst buy can cast catch chide choose cleave cleave cling clothe come cost creep crow cut dare deal die dig dispread do/does draw dream drink drive dwell blessed,blest blew broke bred brought broadcast,broadcasted browbeat built burnt,burned burst bought could cast caught chid,chided chose cleaved,cleft,clove clave clung clothed,clad came cost crept crowed,crew cut dared,durst dealt died dug dispread did drew dreamed,dreamt drank drove dwelt,dwelled blessed,blest blown broken bred brought broadcast,broadcasted browbeaten built burnt,burned burst bought - cast caught chid,chidden,chided chosen cleaved,cleft cloven clung clothed,clad come cost crept crowed cut dared dealt died dug dispread done drawn dreamed,dreamt drunk driven dwelt,dwelled eat fall feed feel fight find flee fling fly fly fly forbear forbid forecast fordo forego foreknow forerun foresee foreshow foretell forget forgive forsake forswear freeze gainsay get gild gird give go grave grind grow hamstring hang hang have ate fell fed felt fought found fled flung flew fled flied forbore forbade,forbad forecast,forecasted fordid forewent foreknew foreran foresaw foreshowed foretold forgot forgave forsook forswore froze gainsaid got gilded,gilt girded,girt gave went graved ground grew hamstringed,hamstrung hung hanged had eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flung flown fled flied forborne forbidden forecast,forecasted fordone foregone foreknown forerun foreseen foreshown foretold forgotten,forgot forgiven forsaken forsworn frozen gainsaid got,gotten gilded girded,girt given gone graven,graved ground grown hamstringed,hamstrung hung hanged had hear heave hew hide hit hold hurt inlay keep kneel knit know lade lay lead lean leap learn leave lend let lie lie light light lose make may mean meet melt misdeal misgive mislay mislead mistake misunderstand heard heaved,hove hewed hid hit held hurt inlaid kept knelt,kneeled knitted,knit knew laded laid led leaned,leant leapt,leaped learnt,learned left lent let lay lied lit lighted lost made might meant met melted misdealt misgave mislaid misled mistook misunderstood heard heaved,hove hewed,hewn hidden,hid hit held hurt inlaid kept knelt,kneeled knitted,knit known laded,laden laid led leaned,leant leapt,leaped learnt,learned left lent let lain lied lit lighted lost made - meant met melted,melten misdealt misgiven mislaid misled mistaken misunderstood mow must ought outbid outbreed outdo outeat outfight outgo outgrow outlay outride outrun outsell outshine outshoot outsit outspend outspread outthrow outthrust outwear overbear overbid overblow overbuild overbuy overcast overcome overdo overdraw overdrive overeat overfeed overfly overgrow overhang overhear overlade mowed must ought outbade,outbid outbred outdid outate outfought outwent outgrew outlaid outrode outran outsold outshone outshot outsat outspent outspread outthrew outthrust outwore overbore overbid overblew overbuilt overbought overcast overcame overdid overdrew overdrove overate overfed overflew overgrew overhung overheard overladed mowed,mown - - outbidden,outbid outbred outdone outeaten outfought outgone outgrown outlaid outridden outrun outsold outshone outshot outsat outspent outspread outthrown outthrust outworn overborne overbidden,overbid overblown overbuilt overbought overcast overcome overdone overdrawn overdriven overeaten overfed overflown overgrown overhung overheard overladed,overladen

overlay overleap overlie overpay override overrun oversee oversell overset oversew overshoot oversleep overspend overspread overtake overthrow overwind overwrite partake pay precast prechoose prove put quit read reave rebuild recast reeve relay rend repay reset retell rid ride ring rise overlaid overleapt,overleaped overlay overpaid overrode overran oversaw oversold overset oversewed overshot overslept overspent overspread overtook overthrew overwound overwrote partook paid precast prechose proved put quitted,quit read reaved,reft rebuilt recast rove,reeved relaid rent repaid reset retold rid,ridded rode rang rose overlaid overleapt,overleaped overlain overpaid overridden overrun overseen oversold overset oversewed,oversewn overshot overslept overspent overspread overtaken overthrown overwound overwritten partaken paid precast prechosen proved,proven put quitted,quit read reaved,reft rebuilt recast rove,reeved relaid rent repaid reset retold rid,ridded ridden rung risen rive run saw say see seek sell send set sew shake shall shave shear shed shine shoe shoot show shred shrink shrive shut sing sink sit slay sleep slide sling slink slit smell smite sow speak speed riven ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook should shaved sheared shed shone,shined shod,shoed shot showed shredded,shred shrank,shrunk shrove,shrived shut sang,sung sank,sunk sat slew slept slid slung slunk slit smelt,smelled smote sowed spoke sped,speeded riven,rived run sawn,sawed said seen sought sold sent set sewn,sewed shaken - shaved,shaven shorn,sheared shed shone,shined shod,shoed shot shown,showed shredded,shred shrunk,shrunken shriven,shrived shut sung sunk,sunken sat slain slept slid,slidden slung slunk slit smelt,smelled smitten,smote sown,sowed spoken sped,speeded spell spend spill spin spit split spoil spread spring stand stave steal stick sting stink strew stride strike string strive swear sweat sweep swell swim swing take teach tear tell think thrive throw thrust tread unbend spelt,spelled spent spilt,spilled spun spat,spit split spoilt,spoiled spread sprang,sprung stood staved,stove stole stuck stung stank,stunk strewed strode struck strung strove,strived swore sweat,sweated swept swelled swam swung took taught tore told thought throve,thrived threw thrust trod unbent spelt,spelled spent spilt,spilled spun spat,spit split spoilt,spoiled spread sprung stood staved,stove stolen stuck stung stunk strewn,strewed stridden,strid struck,stricken strung striven,strived sworn sweat,sweated swept swollen,swelled swum swung taken taught torn told thought thriven,thrived thrown thrust trodden,trod unbent unbind unbuild underbid underbuy undercut underdo underfeed undergo underlay underlet underlie underpay underrun undersell underset undershoot understand undertake underwrite undo undraw unfreeze ungird unhang unknit unlade unlay unlearn unmake unreeve unsay unset unsling unspeak unstick unstring unswear unteach unbound unbuilt underbid underbought undercut underdid underfed underwent underlaid underlet underlay underpaid underran undersold underset undershot understood undertook underwrote undid undrew unfroze ungirded,ungirt unhung unknitted,unknit unladed unlaid unlearnt,unlearned unmade unrove,unreeved unsaid unset unslung unspoke unstuck unstrung unswore untaught unbound unbuilt underbidden,underbid underbought undercut underdone underfed undergone underlaid underlet underlain underpaid underrun undersold underset undershot understood undertaken underwritten undone undrawn unfrozen ungirded,ungirt unhung unknitted,unknit unladed,unladen unlaid unlearnt,unlearned unmade unrove,unreeved unsaid unset unslung unspoken unstuck unstrung unsworn untaught unthink untread unweave unwind upbuild upcast uphold uppercut uprise upset upsweep upswing wake waylay wear weave wed weep weigh wet will win wind wit withdraw withhold withstand work work wring write unthought untrod unwove unwound upbuilt upcast upheld uppercut uprose upset upswept upswung waked,woke waylaid wore wove wedded,wed wept weighed wetted,wet would won winded,wound wist withdrew withheld withstood worked wrought wrung wrote unthought untrodden,untrod unwoven unwound upbuilt upcast upheld uppercut uprisen upset upswept upswung waked,woken,woke waylaid worn woven wedded,wed wept weighed wetted,wet - won winded,wound wist withdrawn withheld withstood worked wrought wrung written

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