2017 政府工作报告英文版学习笔记 20171022

2017 政府工作报告英文版学习笔记

CATTI考试资料与资讯

2017.10.22

往年基本没有直接考过政府工作报告。但许多年份的政治类考题，基本都是政府工作报告风格（考过的有中国梦、大国关系、供给侧改革等）。政治性太强、专业性太强的内容略去不选。笔记可能有很多主观看法，词汇请大家自主多做查询。

学习建议（仅供参考）：

1、不盲目求快。学得越细，收获越多。只求快难深入。 2、勤查资料。生词多查多记。

3、热点、新词多关注（新动能、放管服）。 4、打印出来做笔记。电脑干扰多，手机干扰更多。 5、精选个别片段和常用句型背诵。节省体力，不用太多。 6、不唯权威。时刻动脑，思考原因，总结规律。 7、勤动笔，形成自己的翻译思路和方式。 8、学英文同时，也学中文凝练表达。 9、建议至少学习两遍。

2017 政府工作报告 | 百度网盘 百度网盘：http://t.cn/RiF4Vnd 在线阅读：http://t.cn/RiF4Vng

CGTN-同传：http://t.cn/RiKHt7X

（01）

过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。

In the past year, China’s development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.

精简、合并重复信息：叠加、交汇 > interwoven 突出逻辑关系：（来自）···的挑战

——经济运行缓中趋稳、稳中向好。国内生产总值达到74.4万亿元，增长6.7%，名列世界前茅，对全球经济增长的贡献率超过30%。居民消费价格上涨2%。

The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth. GDP reached 74.4 trillion yuan, representing 6.7-percent growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies. China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth. The CPI rose by 2 percent.

名词化，压缩动词使用数量：

缓中趋稳、稳中向好 > a slower but stable performance with good momentum 数据表述常用词：register, reach, contribute, represent, report, stand at

工业企业利润由上年下降2.3%转为增长8.5%，单位国内生产总值能耗下降5%，经济发展的质量和效益明显提高。

With an 8.5-percent increase in profits, industrial enterprises reversed the previous year’s negative growth of 2.3 percent. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5 percent. Economic performance improved markedly in quality and returns.

——就业增长超出预期。全年城镇新增就业1314万人。高校毕业生就业创业人数再创新高。年末城镇登记失业率4.02%，为多年来最低。13亿多人口的发展中大国，就业比较充分，十分不易。

Employment growth exceeded projections. A total of 13.14 million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year. The number of college graduates finding

employment or starting businesses reached another record high. The registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.02 percent at year-end 2016, the lowest level in years. For China, a large developing country with a population of over 1.3 billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.

句型搭建：

_____ exceeded _____ . _____ were added _____ . _____ reached_____ .

_____ stood at_____, the lowest..... .

For China, ___(插入成分) ,____ is no easy task.

关键还是动词活用。

——改革开放深入推进。重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展，供给侧结构性改革初见成效。对外开放推出新举措，“一带一路”建设进展快速，一批重大工程和国际产能合作项目落地。

Continued advances were made in reform and opening up. Breakthroughs were made in reforms in major sectors and key links, and initial success was achieved in supply-side structural reform. New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapid progress was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number of major projects and industrial-capacity cooperation projects with other countries were launched.

这段基本全是被动。实际自己翻译时可以适当调整。

opening China up，属于学习这类材料时可能不太习惯的表达方式。如果心理上不能完全接纳，不建议硬记。可以选择其他词替换。

——经济结构加快调整。消费在经济增长中发挥主要拉动作用。服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重上升到51.6%。高技术产业、装备制造业较快增长。农业稳中调优，粮食再获丰收。

Economic structural adjustment was stepped up. Consumption was the main driver of economic growth. The value created by the service sector rose to 51.6 percent of GDP. High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly. In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests.

the main driver 就是所谓的英语多用名词案例。driver 或者 a good swimmer 表动词含义，与滥用抽象名词（characterization等）不是一回事。

另外学习这类材料，要区分哪些词有实质性含义，哪些是表达需要。

附网上流传的常用词

大家可以对着这个列表做下测试（没有答案）： 动词

推进，推动，健全，统领，协调，统筹，转变，提高，实现，适应，改革，创新，扩大，加强，促进，巩固，保障，方向，取决于，完善，加快，振兴，崛起，分工，扶持，改善，调整，优化，解决，宣传，教育，发挥，支持，带动，帮助，深化，规范，强化，统筹，指导，服务，健全，确保，维护，优先，贯彻，实施，深化，保证，鼓励，引导，坚持，深化，强化，监督，管理，开展，规划，整合，理顺，推行，纠正，严格，满足，推广，遏制，整治，保护，健全，丰富，夯实，树立，尊重，制约，适应，发扬，拓宽，拓展，规范，改进，形成，逐步，实现，规范，坚持，调节，取缔，调控，把握，弘扬，借鉴，倡导，培育，打牢，武装，凝聚，激发，说服，感召，尊重，包容，树立，培育，发扬，提倡，营造，促进，唱响，主张，弘扬，通达，引导，疏导，着眼，吸引，塑造，搞好，履行，倾斜，惠及，简化，衔接，调处，关切，汇集，分析，排查，协商，化解，动员，联动，激发，增进，汲取，检验，保护，鼓励，完善，宽容，增强，融洽，凝聚，汇集，筑牢，考验，进取，凝聚，设置，吸纳，造就 其他

关系，力度，速度，反映，诉求，形势，任务，本质属性，重要保证，总体布局，战略任务，内在要求，重要进展，决策部署，结合点，突出地位，最大限度，指导思想，科学性，协调性，体制机制，基本方略，理念意识，基本路线，基本纲领，秩序，基本经验，出发点，落脚点，要务，核心，主体，积极因素，水平，方针，结构，增量，比重，规模，标准，办法，主体，作用，特色，差距，渠道，方式，主导，纽带，主体，载体，制度，需求，能力，负担，体系，重点，资源，职能，倾向，秩序，途径，活力，项目，工程，政策，项目，竞争力，环境，素质，权利，利益，权威，氛围，职能，作用，事权，需要，能力，基础，比重，长效机制，举措，要素，精神，根本，地位，成果，核心，精神，力量，纽带，思想，理想，活力，信念，信心，风尚，意识，主旋律，正气，热点，情绪，内涵，管理，格局，准则，网络，稳定，安全，支撑，局面，环境，关键，保证，本领，突出，位置，敏锐性，针对性，有效性，覆盖面，特点，规律，阵地，政策，措施，制度保障，水平，紧迫，任务，合力。

（2）

——发展新动能不断增强。创新驱动发展战略深入实施。科技领域取得一批国际领先的重大成果。新兴产业蓬勃兴起，传统产业加快转型升级。

New drivers of growth gained strength. Further progress was made in pursuing the

innovation-driven development strategy, and a number of world-leading achievements were made in science and technology. Emerging industries were thriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries accelerated.

gain strength, gain momentum, accelerate, pick up pace 和 enter service, come into service 这类词都有一种“主动”的感觉，直观感觉上比 “was made”“is increased”\service\更有力。

近几年常用的新提法需要适当记忆，哪怕这个提法没有固定下来，至少也要知道一种可以接受的译法。其他词汇同理。

很多理论家和学者对于当前一些词，特别是中国特色词汇的译法有很多争论，例如“精神文明”、“中国梦”等等。多关注这些探讨的同时，也最好广泛接触，多了解更多词汇的基本译法。不然，就可能出现一篇文章有一两个词自己译得特别好，而其他的词甚至一点儿不会的情况。有条件讲究，没条件也可以适当将就。

大众创业、万众创新广泛开展，全年新登记企业增长24.5%，平均每天新增1.5万户，加上个体工商户等，各类市场主体每天新增4.5万户。新动能正在撑起发展新天地。

People were busy launching businesses or making innovations, with a 24.5-percent year-on-year increase in the number of new businesses registered - an average of 15,000 new businesses daily. With self-employed traders and other market entities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched per day. New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.

工商户 trader

大众创业、万众创新在这里的翻译很灵活， launching businesses or making innovations 感觉上比以前的更自然。很多中文表达，切换成英文就是要突破字面才能对等。字对字不仅生硬而且会给自己增加很多负担。

——基础设施支撑能力持续提升。新建高速铁路投产里程超过1900公里，新建改建高速公路6700多公里、农村公路29万公里。城市轨道交通、地下综合管廊建设加快。新开工重大水利工程21项。新增第四代移动通信用户3.4亿、光缆线路550多万公里。

Infrastructure became ever-better able to sustain development. Over 1,900 kilometers of new high-speed rail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expressways and 290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded.

Construction picked up pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels. Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects. The number of 4G mobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over 5.5 million kilometers of optical fiber cables were added.

“基础设施支撑能力持续提升”的翻译体现了偏正短语的一种处理方法，“XX的能力提升”转换为“XX提升了XX能力”等表达，好处就是避免泛滥使用 of 这类结构。

城市轨道交通 urban rail transit facilities 地下综合管廊 underground utility tunnels 移动通信 mobile communications

水利工程 water conservancy projects 光缆线路 optical fiber cables

以上这几个词，属于轻度专业词汇，但是也说不上生僻，类似之前的二三级笔译实务，“机械加工”、“电解铝”、“勘探”、“抗生素”、“集成电路”、“火力发电”、“针灸拔罐”这类词，即便考试不考，一些工作中也会经常遇到。查词典当然可以，但如果是做口译恐怕现准备是来不及。

——人民生活继续改善。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.3%。农村贫困人口减少1240万，易地扶贫搬迁人口超过240万。

Living standards were improved. Personal per capita disposable income increased by 6.3 percent in real terms. The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by 12.4 million, including more than 2.4 million people relocated from inhospitable areas.

棚户区住房改造600多万套，农村危房改造380多万户。国内旅游快速增长，出境旅游超过1.2亿人次，城乡居民生活水平有新的提高。

More than 6 million homes in rundown urban areas and over 3.8 million dilapidated rural houseswere renovated. In tourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120 million. People in both urban and rural areas saw arise in living standards.

棚户区 rundown urban areas

农村危房 dilapidated rural houses

国内旅游快速增长，译法和之前的 “农业稳中调优，粮食再获丰收 In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests”一样，补充了合适的逻辑主语。

“国内旅游快速增长，出境旅游超过1.2亿人次，城乡居民生活水平有新的提高。” 整个句子拆开翻译，是对原文逻辑的重新梳理。有一说一，二要另说。

我国成功主办二十国集团领导人杭州峰会，推动取得一系列开创性、引领性、机制性重要成果，在全球经济治理中留下深刻的中国印记。

China successfully hosted the G20 2016 Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering, leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economic governance.

成果：achievement, outcome,result

deliver: 时政类资料常见词汇，常表示实现、践行、取得

Medicine needed to be disrupted, Kenagy realized, to deliver the simultaneous goals of higher quality and lower price.

回顾过去一年，走过的路很不寻常。我们面对的是世界经济和贸易增速7年来最低、国际金融市场波动加剧、地区和全球性挑战突发多发的外部环境，面对的是国内结构性问题突出、风险隐患显现、经济下行压力加大的多重困难，面对的是改革进入攻坚期、利益关系深刻调整、影响社会稳定因素增多的复杂局面。

2016 was an unusual year in our country’s development. China was confronted with an external environment in which the world saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growing volatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional and global challenges.Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: major structural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downward pressure on the economy. China found itself in a complex environment as reform entered a critical stage, profound changes took place affecting interests, and factors impacting social stability grew.

Domestically，副词活用

在这种情况下，经济能够稳住很不容易，出现诸多向好变化更为难得。这再次表明，中国人民有勇气、有智慧、有能力战胜任何艰难险阻，中国经济有潜力、有韧性、有优势，中国的发展前景一定会更好。

Given all these factors, it was not easy for us to maintain stable economic performance. And yet we succeeded, and even managed to make progress on many fronts. Once again, this shows that we the Chinese people have the courage, ingenuity, and ability to overcome any difficulty or hardship. It also shows that the Chinese economy possesses potential, resilience, and strengths, so we can be sure there is even better development ahead for China.

（3）

一年来，我们主要做了以下工作。

I will now move on to discuss our main work last year:

一是继续创新和加强宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间。

First, we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.

增译主语（we），凸显逻辑（thus）

动词转换成形容词：创新和加强 （new, more effective）

转换为更利于外国人理解的表达方式

去年宏观调控面临多难抉择，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是依靠改革创新来稳增长、调结构、防风险，在区间调控基础上，加强定向调控、相机调控。

Last year, we faced difficult choices in conducting macro-level regulation, but we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact, and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks throughreform and innovation. We strengthened targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.

定向 targeted 相机 well-timed

改革创新 reform and innovation

积极的财政政策力度加大，增加的财政赤字主要用于减税降费。全面推开营改增试点，全年降低企业税负5700多亿元，所有行业实现税负只减不增。

More proactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and fee cuts. The trial replacement of business tax with value added tax (VAT) was extended to cover all sectors, slashing the tax burden of businesses for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector.

制定实施中央与地方增值税收入划分过渡方案，确保地方既有财力不变。扩大地方政府存量债务置换规模，降低利息负担约4000亿元。

A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources of local governments remained unchanged. More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts, reducinginterest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.

稳健的货币政策灵活适度，广义货币M2增长11.3%，低于13%左右的预期目标。综合运用多种货币政策工具，支持实体经济发展。

A prudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.The M2

money supply increased by 11.3 percent, below our projected target of around 13 percent. We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the development of the real economy.

实施促进消费升级措施。出台鼓励民间投资等政策，投资出现企稳态势。分类调控房地产市场。

Measures were taken to upgrade consumption. We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment begin to stabilize. We exercised category-based regulation over the real estate market.

企稳 stabilize

分类调控 category-based regulation

加强金融风险防控，人民币汇率形成机制进一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，维护了国家经济金融安全。

We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks. The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. With these measures, we have safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.

措施 —— 结果型组织结构。 With these measures, we_____

二是着力抓好“三去一降一补”，供给结构有所改善。

Second, we focused on five priority tasks — cutting overcapacity, reducing excess

inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness — thereby improving the composition of supply.

凸显逻辑：thereby

以钢铁、煤炭行业为重点去产能，全年退出钢铁产能超过6500万吨、煤炭产能超过2.9亿吨，超额完成年度目标任务，分流职工得到较好安置。

Particular priority was given to cutting overcapacity in the steel and coal sectors. Over the year, steel production capacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290 million metric tons, going beyond annual targets. Effective assistance was provided to laid-off employees.

去产能 cutting overcapacity 超额完成 going beyond

分流职工 laid-off employees （理解原文）

支持农民工在城镇购房，提高棚改货币化安置比例，房地产去库存取得积极成效。

We supported migrant workers in buying urban homes; and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuilding in rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation, making good progress in reducing real estate inventory.

推动企业兼并重组，发展直接融资，实施市场化法治化债转股，工业企业资产负债率有所下降。

Business acquisitions and reorganizations were encouraged, direct financing was

promoted, and market- and law-based debt-to-equity swaps were carried out, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises.

市场化法治化：market- and law-based 债转股 debt-to-equity swaps 资产负债率 debt-to-asset ratio

着眼促进企业降成本，出台减税降费、降低“五险一金”缴费比例、下调用电价格等举措。

To help enterprises lower operating costs, we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees, lower the share paid by enterprises for social security contributions,(1) and cut the price of electricity.

Notes: (1) This includes old-age insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes.

着眼：理解为目的，同上面的“安置”一样，简化、通俗化再翻译。

加大补短板力度，办了一批当前急需又利长远的大事。

We boosted efforts to strengthen areas of weakness and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needs today and promise long-term benefits.

具体变抽象：短板 - areas of weakness （板 VS 点、领域）

（4）

三是大力深化改革开放，发展活力进一步增强。全面深化改革，推出一批标志性、支柱性改革举措。

Third, we worked hard to deepen reform and opening up, further strengthening

the vitality of development. Reform was deepened across the board, and a good number of landmark and pillar reform initiatives were undertaken.

深化 deepen

全面 across the board 举措 initiatives 推出 undertake

一批 a good number of

围绕处理好政府和市场关系这一经济体制改革的核心问题，持续推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。

To balance the government-market relationship — the pivotal issue in economic structural reform — we continued reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services.

简政放权 streamline administration, delegate powers 围绕：同“着眼”

政府和市场关系：the government-market relationship 核心问题 the pivotal issue

推进：策略性省去不翻译

一些词语在句中并无实质性含义，或与其他要素在逻辑意义上重合，可适当省略。

在提前完成本届政府减少行政审批事项三分之一目标的基础上，去年又取消165项国务院部门及其指定地方实施的审批事项，清理规范192项审批中介服务事项、220项职业资格许可认定事项。深化商事制度改革。

My administration’s goal of cutting the number of items requiring government review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule. On that basis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for review by State Council departments

and authorized local governments. We also overhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for government review as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications. We deepened institutional reforms in the business sector.

清理规范 overhaul and standardize

“在提前完成本届政府减少行政审批事项三分之一目标的基础上”，句子长，拆分减轻压力。

全面推行“双随机、一公开”，增强事中事后监管的有效性，推进“互联网+政务服务”。

We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board,(2) made operational and post-operational oversight more effective, and promoted the Internet Plus government services model.

推行 introduce 推进 promote

事中事后监管 operational and post-operational oversight

推动国有企业调整重组和混合所有制改革。建立公平竞争审查制度。深化资源税改革。

We pushed ahead with reforms to restructure and reorganize state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and introduce into them mixed ownership structures. We established a review system to ensure fair competition. We deepened resource tax reforms.

推动 push ahead with 审查制度 review system

混合所有制 mixed ownership structure

公平竞争审查（制度）

a review （system） to ensure fair competition

偏正短语（修饰+核心要素）英译，重心从后向前调整。

完善农村土地“三权分置”办法，建立贫困退出机制。

We improved measures for separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights, and established a mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty.

三权分置

separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights

推进科技管理体制改革，扩大高校和科研院所自主权，出台以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策。

We made progress in reforming the science and technology management system, gave greater autonomy to colleges and research institutes, and adopted profit distribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge.

分配政策 profit distribution policies

放开养老服务市场。扩大公立医院综合改革试点，深化药品医疗器械审评审批制度改革。

We opened up the elderly services market. We expanded the trials of comprehensive reforms in public hospitals and deepened reform of the evaluation and approval systems for medicine and medical equipment.

放开open up 扩大······试点 expand the trials of

制定自然资源统一确权登记办法，开展省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理、耕地轮作休耕改革等试点，全面推行河长制，健全生态保护补偿机制。

We formulated unified measures to determine and register natural resource rights. We piloted reforms for conducting direct oversight by provincial-level environmental protection agencies over the environmental monitoring and inspection work of environmental protection agencies below the provincial level, as well as crop rotation and fallow land （未经耕作的）reforms. The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers across the country, and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts were improved.

河长制 the river chief system 省以下 below the provincial level 耕地轮作 crop rotation

改革为经济社会发展增添了新动力。

Reform has given new impetus to economic and social development.

积极扩大对外开放。推进“一带一路”建设，与沿线国家加强战略对接、务实合作。

We opened China wider to the rest of the world. As we pushed ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, we worked to increase complementarity between the development strategies of, and practical cooperation between, China and other countries along the routes.

“积极扩大对外开放”

同“增强”译为 more effective 一样，克服字面束缚。

人民币正式纳入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子。“深港通”开启。完善促进外贸发展措施，新设12个跨境电子商务综合试验区，进出口逐步回稳。

The RMB was formally included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched. We improved measures for promoting trade, and built 12 new integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, bringing about a steady recovery in the volume of import and export.

bringing about 突出因果逻辑关系

推广上海等自贸试验区改革创新成果，新设7个自贸试验区。除少数实行准入特别管理措施领域外，外资企业设立及变更一律由审批改为备案管理。

The new practices of pilot free trade zones in Shanghai and elsewhere were used to establish another seven pilot zones. The requirement for review and approval for setting up and making significant adjustments to foreign enterprises was replaced by a simple filing process, with the exception of a few areas where special market access requirements apply.

实际使用外资1300多亿美元，继续位居发展中国家首位。

In 2016, China utilized more than US$130 billion of overseas investment, continuing to rank first among developing countries.

（5）

四是强化创新引领，新动能快速成长。

Fourth, we strengthened innovation’s leading role, spurring the rapid development of new growth drivers.

新动能 new growth drivers （今年特别火的词）

“新动能快速成长”，翻译时主语调整为 we；活用 spur 避免行文呆板；“快速成长”译为名词。

深入推进“互联网+”行动和国家大数据战略，全面实施《中国制造2025》，落实和完善“双创”政策措施。部署启动面向2030年的科技创新重大项目，支持北京、上海建设具有全球影响力的科技创新中心，新设6个国家自主创新示范区。

We took further steps to implement the Internet Plus action plan and the national big data strategy, fully implemented the Made in China 2025 initiative, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage people to launch businesses and innovate. We developed and launched a plan for completing major science and technology

programs by 2030, supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into global R&D centers, and established another six national innovation demonstration zones.

中国制造2025 the Made in China 2025 initiative 双创 launch businesses and innovate

国家自主创新示范区 six national innovation demonstration zones

全社会研发经费支出与国内生产总值之比达到2.08%。国内有效发明专利拥有量突破100万件，技术交易额超过1万亿元。科技进步贡献率上升到56.2%，创新对发展的支撑作用明显增强。

China’s R&D spending reached 2.08 percent of GDP. The number of in-force Chinese patents issued in China passed the million mark, and the value of technology transactions exceeded one trillion yuan. The contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth rose to 56.2 percent, and innovation’s role in powering development grew markedly.

支出 spending

技术交易额 the value of technology transactions

五是促进区域城乡协调发展，新的增长极增长带加快形成。

Fifth, we promoted more balanced development between regions and between rural and urban areas, and saw faster emergence of new growth poles and growth belts.

深入实施“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展三大战略，启动建设一批重点项目。

We stepped up work to implement the three strategic initiatives (the Belt and

Road, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, and the Yangtze Economic Belt), and began construction on a number of key projects.

编制西部大开发“十三五”规划，实施新一轮东北振兴战略，推动中部地区崛起，支持东部地区率先发展。

We formulated the plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan period for large-scale development in the western region, launched a new round of initiatives as part of the Northeast

revitalization strategy, drove progress in the rise of the central region, and supported the eastern region in leading the rest of the country in pursuing development.

加快推进新型城镇化，深化户籍制度改革，全面推行居住证制度，又有1600万人进城落户。发展的协同叠加效应不断显现。

We sped up efforts to promote new types of urbanization, deepened reform of the household registration system, introduced the residence card system nationwide, and granted urban residency to another 16 million people from rural areas. The synergy building through coordinated development became more and more evident.

协同 synergy /?s?n?d??/ 协同作用

Of course, there's quite obviously a lot of synergy between the two companies.

当然，这两家公司之间显然有许多的协同作用。

六是加强生态文明建设，绿色发展取得新进展。

Sixth, we strengthened ecological conservation and made fresh progress in pursuing green development.

加强生态文明建设 strengthen ecological conservation

制定实施生态文明建设目标评价考核办法，建设国家生态文明试验区。强化大气污染治理，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分别下降5.6%和4%，74个重点城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）年均浓度下降9.1%。

We formulated and introduced measures for assessing progress made in ecological improvement, and established national pilot zones for ecological conservation. We took stronger measures against air pollution and, as a result, saw a 5.6-percent decline in sulfur dioxide emissions, a 4-percent cut in nitrogen oxide emissions, and a 9.1-percent drop in the annual average density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 74 key cities.

优化能源结构，清洁能源消费比重提高1.7个百分点，煤炭消费比重下降2个百分点。

We continued to improve the energy mix, increasing the share of clean energy

consumption by 1.7 percentage points and cutting the share of coal consumption by 2 percentage points.

能源结构 the energy mix

“清洁能源消费比重提高1.7个百分点” “煤炭消费比重下降2个百分点”

主语转化为“人”，人来提高比重、降低比重 We ··· increase the share of, cut the share of。这种译法在报告中非常常见，既有利于统一主语（we）,避免主语分散（中文表面上是3个主语），也有利于凸显逻辑（We 做的工作），同时精简了句子结构。

推进水污染防治，出台土壤污染防治行动计划。开展中央环境保护督察，严肃查处一批环境违法案件，推动了环保工作深入开展。

We continued efforts to prevent and control water pollution, and adopted an action plan for preventing and controlling soil pollution. Central government inspections on environmental protection accountability were launched and violations of environmental protection laws were investigated and prosecuted, giving impetus to deeper efforts to protect the environment.

环境 the environment 出台 adopt

查处 nvestigate and prosecute

（6）

七是注重保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感增强。

Seventh, we gave particular attention to ensuring and improving living standards, helping Chinese people gain a stronger sense of benefit.

[ 主句 + ing ]

民生 living standards

保障和改善 ensure and improve

在财政收支压力加大情况下，民生投入继续增加。出台新的就业创业政策，扎实做好重点人群、重点地区就业工作。

Despite growing pressure from fiscal imbalance, we continued to increase inputs in areas related to living standards. We launched new policies on employment and business

startups, and carried out solid work on increasing employment for key target groups and priority regions.

民生投入 inputs in areas related to living standards 财政收支 fiscal imbalance 出台 launch

扎实做好 carry out solid work on 重点人群 key target groups 重点地区 priority regions

全面推进脱贫攻坚，全国财政专项扶贫资金投入超过1000亿元。

We made all-around progress in key battles to eradicate poverty and earmarked over 100 billion yuan from government budgets for poverty relief.

投入 earmark

Earmark /????mɑ?k/ 留出

...the extra money being earmarked for the new projects. …留给新项目的额外款项。

China has earmarked more than $20 billion for oil exploration. 中国已留出二百多亿美元用于石油勘探。

提高低保、优抚、退休人员基本养老金等标准，为1700多万困难和重度残疾人发放生活或护理补贴。

We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, basic pension

payments, and other subsidies; and over 17 million people benefited through the provision of cost-of-living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with severe disabilities.

低保 subsistence allowances

基本养老金 basic pension payments 护理补贴 nursing care subsidies

Cost of living 生活费用

The cost of living has increased dramatically. 生活费用已大幅增长了。

财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例继续超过4%。重点高校招收贫困地区农村学生人数增长21.3%。

Fiscal spending on education continued to be over 4 percent of GDP. The number of students from poor rural areas enrolled in key universities grew by 21.3 percent.

免除农村贫困家庭学生普通高中学杂费。全年资助各类学校家庭困难学生8400多万人次。

We waived tuition and miscellaneous fees for students from poor rural families at

regular senior high schools. Over the course of the year, more than 84 million grants were given to students from poor families studying in all types of schools.

免除 waive

学杂费 tuition and miscellaneous fees 全年 over the course of the year

Miscellaneous /?m?s??le?n??s/ 各式各样的 ...a hoard of miscellaneous junk. …五花八门的废旧物品的贮藏库。

整合城乡居民基本医保制度，提高财政补助标准。增加基本公共卫生服务经费。

The basic health insurance systems for rural and nonworking urban residents were merged and government subsidies for the system were increased. More funding was provided for basic public health services.

财政补助 government subsidies 动词转化为形容词：增加··· 经费 More funding was provided

实现大病保险全覆盖，符合规定的省内异地就医住院费用可直接结算。

Full coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was achieved, and healthcare costs meeting relevant provisions can now be settled on the spot when incurred

anywhere within the provincial-level administrative area where insurance is registered.

全覆盖 full coverage

加强基层公共文化服务。实施全民健身计划，体育健儿在里约奥运会、残奥会上再创佳绩。

We increased public cultural services at the community level. The Fitness for All initiative was launched, and Chinese athletes gave an excellent performance at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

去年部分地区特别是长江流域发生严重洪涝等灾害，通过及时有力开展抢险救灾，紧急转移安置900多万人次，最大限度降低了灾害损失，恢复重建有序进行。

Last year, parts of the country, especially the Yangtze basin, were hit by severe flooding and other disasters. We acted quickly to provide effective rescue and relief, swiftly relocated over 9 million people, minimized damage and loss, and made systematic progress with recovery and reconstruction efforts.

八是推进政府建设和治理创新，社会保持和谐稳定。

Eighth, we continued to enhance government performance and improve governance, thus ensuringsocial harmony and stability.

国务院提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案13件，制定修订行政法规8件。完善公共决策吸纳民意机制，认真办理人大代表建议和政协委员提案。推进政务公开，省级政府部门权力和责任清单全面公布。

The State Council submitted 13 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) for approval and adopted or revised 8 sets of

administrative regulations. We improved mechanisms for drawing on public opinions in decision making on public issues and worked with keen attention to handle the proposals and suggestions of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members. We made progress in strengthening government transparency by releasing lists of the powers and responsibilities of all provincial-level government departments.

加大督查问责力度，组织开展第三次国务院大督查，对去产能、民间投资等政策落实情况进行专项督查和第三方评估，严肃查处一些地区违规新建钢铁项目、生产销售“地条钢”等行为。

We intensified accountability inspections. The third State Council accountability inspection was carried out; special inspections and third-party evaluations were conducted on the implementation of policies related to cutting overcapacity and encouraging private investment; and new steel projects launched in breach of

regulations and the production and sale of substandard steel products were strictly investigated and dealt with.

加强安全生产工作，事故总量和重特大事故数量继续下降。

We strengthened workplace safety efforts and saw a continued decline in the total number of accidents and in the number of accidents of a serious nature.

强化社会治安综合治理，依法打击违法犯罪，有力维护了国家安全和公共安全。

We took comprehensive measures to maintain law and order and, in accordance with law, cracked down on crime and other violations, effectively safeguarding national and public security.

依法惩处一批腐败分子，反腐败斗争形成压倒性态势。

We punished a number of corrupt officials in accordance with law, and the fight against corruption has built up irresistible momentum.

Build up 使逐渐变大; 逐渐变大

The regime built up the largest army in Africa. 该政权逐渐建立起一支在非洲规模最大的军队。

The collection has been built up over the last seventeen years. 这些收藏是在过去的17年里逐渐收集的。

（7）

过去一年，中国特色大国外交卓有成效。

As a major country, China has made outstanding achievements in its diplomacy with distinctive features over the past year. [偏正短语调整]

特色，本来是前置形容词，调整至后面。

亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议

the 24th APEC Economic Leaders Meeting,

上海合作组织峰会

the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit

核安全峰会

the Nuclear Security Summit

金砖国家领导人会晤

the BRICS Leaders Meeting

联大系列高级别会议

high-level meetings of the 71st session of the UN General Assembly

亚欧首脑会议

the Asia-Europe Meeting

东亚合作领导人系列会议

the East Asian leaders meetings on cooperation

澜沧江－湄公河合作首次领导人会议

the first-ever Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Leaders Meeting

同主要大国协调合作得到加强，同周边国家全面合作持续推进，同发展中国家友好合作不断深化，同联合国等国际组织联系更加密切。[长句]

China’s coordination and cooperation with other major countries were strengthened, its comprehensive cooperation with neighboring countries continued to be boosted, its friendship and cooperation with other developing countries were deepened, and its interactions with the UN and other international organizations became closer.

大国 major countries

协调合作 coordination and cooperation（“机械”拆分） 联系 interactions 联合国 the UN

积极促进全球治理体系改革与完善。推动《巴黎协定》生效。经济外交、人文交流成果丰硕。坚定维护国家领土主权和海洋权益。

China was actively involved in reforming and improving the global governance system. We played our part in ensuring that the Paris Agreement was put into force. Economic diplomacy and personal and cultural exchanges yielded notable outcomes. We were resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and maritime rights and interests.

全球治理体系改革与完善

reforming and improving the global governance system （偏正结构的重心调整）

权益 rights and interests （权利和利益） 人文交流 personal and cultural exchanges

成果丰硕 yield notable outcomes

领土主权 sovereignty, territorial integrity 坚定维护 be resolute in upholding

中国作为负责任大国，在国际和地区事务中发挥了建设性作用，为世界和平与发展作出了重要贡献。

As a responsible major country, China has been playing a constructive role

in international and regional issues and has made significant contributions to world peace and development.

发挥建设性作用 play a constructive role

作出重要贡献 make significant contributions

学习建议：

多思考句子整体翻译的思路，特别是对原文框架、结构的调整，看哪些成分用作主干，哪些做了合并，哪些进行了拆分，哪些是“机械”对译，哪些是灵活整合。

如有时间，可以围绕一些固定表达专题梳理。

例如歌颂成就的词汇（成果丰硕、卓有成效···），除笔译之外在口译中也是很常见。无论口译笔译，积极、正面词出现和使用频率都相对更高。

外交外事英语书目推荐（中英对照）

《外事英语800句》 《中国大使演讲集》 《在彼处·大使演讲录》

（8）

我们也清醒看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少困难和问题。经济增长内生动力仍需增强，部分行业产能过剩严重，一些企业生产经营困难较多，地区经济走势分化，财政收支矛盾较大，经济金融风险隐患不容忽视。

Yet we must not lose sight of the many problems and challenges China faces in pursuing economic and social development. The internal forces driving economic

growth need to be strengthened. Overcapacity poses a serious challenge in some industries. Some enterprises face difficulties in their production and operations.

Economic prospects for different regions are divergent. Fiscal imbalance is becoming great. And potential economic and financial risks cannot be overlooked.

判断句型

“过剩（是）严重、困难（是）较多、矛盾（是）较大”

“ poses a serious challenge, face difficulties, are divergent, is becoming great”

这里可以借鉴的是多个判断句的处理，不全部用系动词翻译，而是通过实意动词，更生动有力，也避免句型重复。

“判断句，是根据谓语的性质给句子分类得出的一种句型，一般是用名词或名词性词组作谓语，对事物的属性作出判断，即说明某事物是什么，或不是什么。”

看到 not lose sight of

经济增长内生动力 internal forces driving economic growth 生产经营 production and operations 财政收支矛盾 fiscal imbalance

环境污染形势依然严峻，特别是一些地区严重雾霾频发，治理措施需要进一步加强。在住房、教育、医疗、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面，人民群众还有不少不满意的地方。煤矿、建筑、交通等领域发生了一些重大安全事故，令人痛心。

Environmental pollution remains grave, and in particular, some areas are frequently hit by heavy smog. We need to further strengthen our steps to combat pollution. There are also many problems causing public concern in housing, education, healthcare, elderly care, food and drug safety, and income distribution. It is distressing that there were some major accidents in the coal mining, construction, and transportation sectors.

“住房、教育、医疗、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面”，这种句式，口译中出现频率往往不低，有资格讲话的人，往往能看全局，喜欢罗列。

例如 2016 年5月三级口译实务试题，“······ 希望你们学有所成、报效国家。我看到，大家选择了在 工程、医学、电子信息技术、金融、国际贸易、国际政治等诸多学科上进行深造······”。

一般这种句型不好翻译，信息密集，对知识储备、记忆力、翻译速度、笔记技巧要求都高。对于笔译来说难度稍低，但也要学得扎实才能译完、译好。

特别是 in particular

政府工作存在不足，有些改革举措和政策落实不到位，涉企收费多、群众办事难等问题仍较突出，行政执法中存在不规范不公正不文明现象，少数干部懒政怠政、推诿扯皮，一些领域腐败问题时有发生。

There is still room for improvement in government performance. Some reform policies and measures have not been fully implemented. Excess fees and charges being levied on businesses and difficulties facing individuals who want to access government

services remain standout problems. We still see problems of laws and regulations being enforced in a non-standard, unfair, or uncivil way. A small number of

government employees are lazy and neglectful of their duties orshirk responsibility. Corruption often occurs in some sectors.

我们一定要直面挑战，敢于担当，全力以赴做好政府工作，不辱历史使命，不负人民重托。

We must confront these challenges head-on, be ready to bear the weight of

responsibility, and do our all to deliver. We must fulfill our historic mission and live up to the great trust placed in us by the Chinese people.

Deliver 在政治类材料中相对常见。

本章节还有一个可以借鉴的处理方法，适合翻译时没有思路，或感觉顺译太死板时使用：

反译或转换视角，例如：

不辱历史使命 fulfill our historic mission 不负重托 live up to the great trust 清醒看到 not lose sight of

问题仍较突出 remain standout problems （仍是·····突出问题）

（治理措施）需要进一步加强

We need to further strengthen our （steps） to···

涉企（收费）多、群众办事（难） Excess fees and charges ··· and difficulties

（9）

记忆时政材料惯用表达的建议：

1. 摘抄记录，反复学习。盖住英文回忆思考。

2. 每天关注外交部、国新办网站双语材料，坚持每天学习。 ······坚持稳中求进工作总基调，牢固树立和贯彻落实新发展理念，适应把握引领经济发展新常态······

— Remain committed to the underlying principle of making progress while keeping performance stable

— Gain a strong understanding of and put into practice the new development philosophy

— Adapt to, approach in the right way, and steer the new normal in economic development

坚持以提高发展质量和效益为中心，坚持宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的政策思路

— Give central importance to improving the quality and returns of development

— Ensure that macro-level policy is consistent, industrial policy is targeted, micro-level policy injects dynamism into the market, reform policy delivers outcomes, and social policy sees basic living needs are met

“稳”，意在政策有连续性，选词 consistent

坚持以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线，适度扩大总需求，加强预期引导，深化创新驱动

— Focus on supply-side structural reform

— Expand aggregate demand as appropriate

— Do better in guiding expectations

— Strengthen the role of innovation in driving development

全面做好稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险各项工作，保持经济平稳健康发展和社会和谐稳定

— Maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks

— Maintain stable and sound economic development as well as social harmony and stability

综合分析国内外形势，我们要做好应对更加复杂严峻局面的充分准备。世界经济增长低迷态势仍在延续，“逆全球化”思潮和保护主义倾向抬头，主要经济体政策走向及外溢效应变数较大，不稳定不确定因素明显增加。

The developments both in and outside of China require that we are ready to face more complicated and graver situations. World economic growth remains sluggish, and both the deglobalization trend and protectionism are growing. There are many uncertainties about the direction of the major economies’ policies and their spillover effects, and the factors that could cause instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing.

我国发展处在爬坡过坎的关键阶段，经济运行存在不少突出矛盾和问题。

China is at a crucial and challenging stage in its own development endeavors, and there are manysalient challenges and problems in the economy.

困难不容低估，信心不可动摇。

The difficulties we face are not to be underestimated, but we must remain confident that they will be overcome.

我国物质基础雄厚、人力资源充裕、市场规模庞大、产业配套齐全、科技进步加快、基础设施比较完善，经济发展具有良好支撑条件，宏观调控还有不少创新手段和政策储备。

① China has a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, a huge market, and a complete system of industries. ② It is making faster scientific and technological progress, and has a complete range of infrastructure.③ We have good conditions for sustaining economic development, and many innovative tools and policy options for conducting macroeconomic regulation.

通过拆分缓解长句压力。 通过切换形式主语避免重复。 ①China has ···. ②It is ···. ③We ····

稳中求进

making progress while keeping performance stable 新发展理念

the new development philosophy 物质基础雄厚

a solid material foundation 产业配套齐全

a complete system of industries 宏观调控

macroeconomic regulation 宏观政策

macro-level policy 总需求

aggregate demand 平稳健康

stable and sound

（10）

今年发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长6.5%左右，在实际工作中争取更好结果；

Based on the above considerations, we have set the following key projected targets for development this year:

— GDP growth of around 6.5 percent, or higher if possible in practice

居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内；

— CPI increase kept at around 3 percent

— Over 11 million new urban jobs, and a registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent

进出口回稳向好，国际收支基本平衡；居民收入和经济增长基本同步；

— A steady rise in import and export volumes, and a basic balance in international payments

— Increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth

国际收支 international payments 同步 in step with 增长 Increases in ····

单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放量继续下降。

— A reduction of at least 3.4 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and continued reductions in the release of major pollutants

下降 reduction （动词转换为名词）

今年的经济增长预期目标，符合经济规律和客观实际，有利于引导和稳定预期、调整结构，也同全面建成小康社会要求相衔接。

The projected target for this year’s growth is realistic and in keeping with economic principles; it will help steer and steady expectations and make structural adjustments; and it will help achieve the goal of finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

引导 steer

Steady使平稳; 平稳

If you steady something or if it steadies, it stops shaking or moving around. Two men were on the bridge-deck, steadying a ladder. 两人站在船桥甲板上，扶稳一个梯子。

今年就业压力加大，要坚持就业优先战略，实施更加积极的就业政策。城镇新增就业预期目标比去年多100万人，突出了更加重视就业的导向。

As employment pressure grows this year, we will continue to give top priority

to creating jobs and implement a more proactive employment policy. This year’s target for urban job creation is one million more than last year, underlining the greater importance we are attaching to employment.

[句子结构] As ··· , we ···· and ····. ···· is ·····, underlining····

多100万人 is one million more than ····

“突出了更加重视就业的导向” 并没有字面翻译“导向”。

从经济基本面和就业吸纳能力看，这一目标通过努力是能够实现的。

Considering our sound economic fundamentals and the capacity they bring for job creation, with hard work, this target is attainable.

通过努力 with hard work

经济基本面 economic fundamentals

\strengthen our economic fundamentals.\（VOA: standard.2010.06.05）

Personally, I think the economic fundamentals suggest that stocks still have a long way to go. （FORBES: Record Stock Market and Your Retirement Portfolio）

推荐时政材料翻译参考书目：

杜争鸣《时政用语中译英释例》 贾文波 《翻译工作坊·汉英时政翻译》 蔡力坚、 叶子南《公文翻译:译·注·评》 罗伯托·马约拉尔·阿森西奥《笔译实践指南丛书:公文翻译》 中国日报社《热词红宝书》

（11）

今年要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，在区间调控基础上加强定向调控、相机调控，提高预见性、精准性和有效性，注重 消费、投资、区域、产业、环保等政策的协调配合，确保经济运行在合理区间。

① This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. ② On the basis of conducting range-based regulation, we will focus more on

targeted and well-timed regulation and increase the foresight, precision, and effectiveness of our regulation. ③ We will strengthen coordination of consumption, investment, regional, industrial, and environmental protection policies, and ensure the economy performs within an appropriate range.

区间调控 range-based regulation 相机调控 well-timed regulation 协调配合 coordination

提高预见性、精准性和有效性

increase the foresight, precision, and effectiveness 消费、投资、区域、产业、环保等政策

consumption, investment, regional, industrial, and environmental protection policies

财政政策要更加积极有效。今年赤字率拟按3%安排，财政赤字2.38万亿元，比去年增加2000亿元。

We will pursue a more proactive and effective fiscal policy. This year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio is projected to be 3 percent, with the fiscal deficit set at 2.38 trillion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 200 billion yuan.

积极有效 proactive and effective 赤字率 deficit-to-GDP ratio 财政赤字 fiscal deficit s

其中，中央财政赤字1.55万亿元，地方财政赤字8300亿元。安排地方专项债券8000亿元，继续发行地方政府置换债券。

To break this down, the projected deficit of the central government is 1.55 trillion yuan, and the projected deficit of local governments is 830 billion yuan. Local government special bonds to be issued will total 800 billion yuan, and local government bonds will continue to be issued to replace their outstanding debt.

地方专项债券 local government special bonds

今年赤字率保持不变，主要是为了进一步减税降费，全年再减少企业税负3500亿元左右、涉企收费约2000亿元，一定要让市场主体有切身感受。

The main reason for keeping this year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio unchanged is to allow for further reductions in taxes and fees. Over the course of the year, the tax burden on

businesses will be further eased by around 350 billion yuan, and business related fees will be further cut by around 200 billion yuan to benefit market entities.

减税降费 reductions in taxes and fees 涉企收费 business related fees

财政预算安排要突出重点、有保有压，加大力度补短板、惠民生。对地方一般性转移支付规模增长9.5%，重点增加均衡性转移支付和困难地区财力补助。

Government budgets should highlight priorities; spending in some areas should be

maintained while in others cuts should be made; and more should be spent to strengthen areas of weakness and improve living standards. General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 9.5 percent, with the focus on increasing transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services and stepping up subsidies for regions facing economic difficulties.

突出重点 highlight priorities 转移支付 transfer payments 有保有压

spending in some areas should be maintained while in others cuts should be made （根据信息量，有时英译版本难免显得繁琐）

压缩非重点支出，减少对绩效不高项目的预算安排。

We will scale down non-priority spending and cut budgets for projects that do not deliver desired outcomes.

各级政府要坚持过紧日子，中央部门要带头，一律按不低于5%的幅度压减一般性支出，决不允许增加“三公”经费，挤出更多资金用于减税降费，坚守节用裕民的正道。

Governments at all levels should tighten their belts, and central government departments should take the lead by cutting no less than 5 percent of their general expenditures. No increase in spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, or official hospitality is permitted; and we will squeeze out more funds to cover cuts in taxes and fees. We will keep government spending low and enrich our people.

带头 take the lead

货币政策要保持稳健中性。今年广义货币M2和社会融资规模余额预期增长均为12%左右。

We will continue to pursue a prudent and neutral monetary policy. The M2 money supply and aggregate financing are forecasted to grow by around 12 percent in 2017.

稳健中性 prudent and neutral

要综合运用货币政策工具，维护流动性基本稳定，合理引导市场利率水平，疏通传导机制，促进金融资源更多流向实体经济，特别是支持“三农”和小微企业。

We will apply a full range of monetary policy instruments, maintain basic stability in liquidity, see that market interest rates remain at an appropriate level, and improve thetransmission mechanismof monetary policy. We will encourage a greater flow of

financial resources into the real economy, particularly in support of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and small and micro businesses.

三农 agriculture, rural areas, and farmers 传导机制 transmission mechanism

坚持汇率市场化改革方向，保持人民币在全球货币体系中的稳定地位。

The RMB exchange rate will be further liberalized, and the currency’s stable position in the global monetary system will be maintained.

（12）

关于时政类材料的复习：

口译笔译都可能考到，特别是二级笔译，一般会有一篇。三级笔译虽然考了两次公司简介， 但也可能考时政。

相比机械背诵（可以适当进行），还是更建议多思考，培养思维能力。翻译更多的是生长技能，主动建构好过被动接受和机械训练。而且这种思考训练越是自觉主动效果越好。在看参考译文之前，可以先试着自己构思句子结构，考虑词汇翻译，思考哪些词可以忽略，哪些是核心必须体现。自己的想法和参考译文不一样，也不建议完全放弃，参考译文会有局限，而且经常因为思维方式、情绪作用，反而不如自己查证得出的版本印象深刻。

做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下几点。一是贯彻稳中求进工作总基调，保持战略定力。

To deliver a good performance this year, we in government should stick to the following guidelines: First, we should make progress while maintaining stable performance and keep our strategic focus.

稳中求进 （比较高频）

make progress while maintaining stable performance 保持战略定力（时政话语中难翻译的类型） keep our strategic focus

稳是大局，要着力稳增长、保就业、防风险，守住金融安全、民生保障、环境保护等方面的底线，确保经济社会大局稳定。

Stability is of overriding importance. We should ensure stable growth, maintain employment, and prevent risks. To ensure overall economic and social stability we

must not allow the redline to be crossed concerning financial security, people’s wellbeing, or environmental protection.

原文1句，英译拆分为3句。第一句是陈述一个指导思想。第二句是几个重点工作。第三局继续讲工作，但是换了一个角度。第三句把确保前置，突出了句子的核心，即大局稳定。不过，稳增长、保就业、防风险、守底线其实也都可以看做为大局稳定服务，这就涉及到对原文的理解问题。

拆分除了避免句子过长之外，也便于组织结构。顺便建议关注 CATTI 官网的评分指南，因为是扣分制，一定意义上多用短句也相对安全。

断句拆分有几种常见的逻辑关系：

1. 并列意群（正反、递进、先后等） 2. 分——总 / 总——分 3. 事实 ——评判 4. 同类合并

在稳的前提下要勇于进取，深入推进改革，加快结构调整，敢于啃“硬骨头”，努力在关键领域取得新进展。

We should, while maintaining stable performance, endeavor to make progress, deepen reforms, accelerate structural adjustments, be prepared to take on some really tough problems, and push to make progress in key areas.

这句的结构搭建是引入插入语“while maintaining stable performance”，增加句子多样性，避免单调。如前所述，翻译不是字对字，有时候需要综合理解。这里并没有字对字翻译“前提”，但整体的意思基本一致。

浅层次字对字可能反而不准确。比如常见的“政策稳”，stable 可能就不如 consistent。还有就是官方（xinhua/fma）对各类文件的英译也常回避字对字，不看参考译文可能想不到还可以用某个词翻译 （例如 endeavor ）。

二是坚持以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线。必须把改善供给侧结构作为主攻方向，通过简政减税、放宽准入、鼓励创新，持续激发微观主体活力，减少无效低效供给、扩大有效供给，更好适应和引导需求。

Second, we should focus on supply-side structural reform. We must give priority to improving supply-side structure. We should streamline administration, reduce

taxes, further expand market access, and encourage innovation; and we should keep micro entities energized, reduce ineffective supply while expanding effective supply, and better adapt to and guide demand.

这是一个化蛹成蝶的转型升级过程，既充满希望又伴随阵痛，既非常紧迫又艰巨复杂。要勇往直前，坚决闯过这个关口。

Like the struggle from chrysalis to butterfly, this process of transformation and upgrading is filled with promise but also accompanied by great pain; it is urgent,

formidable, and complicated. We should press forward with courage and get the job done.

Chrysalis /?kr?s?l?s/ （词根chrys-金色） 转型升级 transformation and upgrading 勇往直前 press forward with courage

坚决闯过这个关口 get the job done （通俗化、简化）

三是适度扩大总需求并提高有效性。我国内需潜力巨大，扩内需既有必要也有可能，关键是找准发力点。

Third, we should expand aggregate demand as appropriate and improve its efficacy.

China’s potential domestic demand is enormous, and it is both necessary and possible for domestic demand to be expanded. The key is to know where to start.

总需求 aggregate demand 适度 as appropriate 有效性 efficacy

要围绕改善民生来扩大消费，着眼补短板、增后劲来增加投资，使扩内需更加有效、更可持续，使供给侧改革和需求侧管理相辅相成、相得益彰。

We need to increase consumer spending to improve people’s lives, and boost investment to strengthen areas of weakness and sustain development, so that the expansion of domestic demandbecomes more effective and sustainable and supply-side reform and demand-side regulation reinforce each other.

补短板 strengthen areas of weakness

四是依靠创新推动新旧动能转换和结构优化升级。我国发展到现在这个阶段，不靠改革创新没有出路。我们拥有世界上数量最多、素质较高的劳动力，有最大规模的科技和专业技能人才队伍，蕴藏着巨大的创新潜能。

Fourth, we should rely on innovation to replace old growth drivers with new ones and speed up structural improvement and upgrading. Having reached the current stage of development, China can now advance only through reform and innovation. We have the largest quality workforce as well asthe largest pool of scientists, engineers, and professionals in the world, and their potential for innovation is truly tremendous.

新旧动能转换 replace old growth drivers with new ones 结构优化升级 structural improvement and upgrading

Pool /pu?l/ A pool of people, money, or things is a quantity or number of them that is available for an organization or group to use. 一拨人; 一笔钱; 一笔物资

要坚持以改革开放为动力、以人力人才资源为支撑，加快创新发展，培育壮大新动能、改造提升传统动能，提高全要素生产率，推动经济保持中高速增长、产业迈向中高端水平。

We must continue to draw strength from reform and opening up, fully tap the potential of human resources and human capital, and move more quickly to pursue innovation-driven development. We should foster and develop new growth drivers while transforming and upgrading the traditional growth drivers, and increase total factor productivity. These

steps will enable China’s economy to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and China’s industries to move toward the medium-high end.

注意“以····为支撑”“围绕”等类似中国特色词的翻译 坚持 continue 迈向 move toward

改造提升transform and upgrade

中高速增长 a medium-high rate of growth 中高端水平 the medium-high end

全要素生产率 total factor productivity

Total factor productivity

In economics, total-factor productivity (TFP), also called multi-factor productivity, is a variable which accounts for effects in total output not caused by traditionally measured inputs of labor and capital. If all inputs are accounted for, then total factor productivity (TFP) can be taken as a measure of an economy’s long-term technological change or technological dynamism.

五是着力解决人民群众普遍关心的突出问题。政府的一切工作都是为了人民，要践行以人民为中心的发展思想，把握好我国处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情。

Fifth, we should solve prominent problems of public concern. All government work is for the people. We should keep in mind the fact that China remains in the primary stage of socialism and pursue a people focused development philosophy.

对群众反映强烈、期待迫切的问题，有条件的要抓紧解决，把好事办好；一时难以解决的，要努力创造条件逐步加以解决。我们要咬定青山不放松，持之以恒为群众办实事、解难事，促进社会公平正义，把发展硬道理更多体现在增进人民福祉上。

Where conditions permit, we will lose no time in solving problems about which the people have great concern and which demand speedy resolution. When problems cannot be solved for the time being, we will work to resolve them over time. We must make dedicated efforts to deliver services to the people, resolve the difficulties they face,

promote social equity and justice, and demonstrate that development does better people’s lives.

（13）

2017年5月二级笔译考试已经考察过供给侧和去产能话题。

时政类材料翻译方法论很多，不过个人感觉和还是离不开每天的积累，反复阅读，理解，记忆。比如“创新驱动发展战略”“一带一路”，见得多了自然就能记住。需要背景知识，需要掌握官方的固定表达，和一般的英语学习差别很大。对于不是一心要从事该领域工作的人来说，这类材料更多的也是侧重准备考试。

面对今年艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，我们要通观全局、统筹兼顾，突出重点、把握关键，正确处理好各方面关系，着重抓好以下几个方面工作。

Confronted with the formidable tasks of reform and development and maintaining stability this year, we must keep in mind the big picture and adopt a holistic approach, have clear priorities and focus on key tasks, and properly handle interactions among various sectors. We should give priority to the following areas of work.

通观全局 keep in mind the big picture 统筹兼顾 adopt a holistic approach 突出重点 have clear priorities 把握关键 focus on key tasks

（一）用改革的办法深入推进“三去一降一补”。要在巩固成果基础上，针对新情况新问题，完善政策措施，努力取得更大成效。

1. Pushing ahead with the five priority tasks through reform

We should, on the basis of consolidating and building on what we have achieved, improve our policies and measures in light of new developments and new problems so as to make greater progress.

扎实有效去产能。今年要再压减钢铁产能5000万吨左右，退出煤炭产能1.5亿吨以上。同时，要淘汰、停建、缓建煤电产能5000万千瓦以上，以防范化解煤电产能过剩风险，提高煤电行业效率，优化能源结构，为清洁能源发展腾空间。

Take solid and effective steps to cut overcapacity. This year, we will further reduce steel production capacity by around 50 million metric tons and shut down at least 150 million metric tons of coal production facilities. At the same time, we will suspend or

postpone construction on or eliminate no less than 50 million kilowatts of coal-fired power generation capacity in order to guard against anddefuse the risks of overcapacity in

coal-fired power, improve the efficiency of this sector, optimize the energy mix, and make room for clean energy to develop.

钢铁产能 steel production capacity 清洁能源 clean energy 能源结构 the energy mix 腾空间 make room for 化解 defuse

要严格执行环保、能耗、质量、安全等相关法律法规和标准，更多运用市场化法治化手段，有效处置“僵尸企业”，推动企业兼并重组、破产清算，坚决淘汰不达标的落后产能，严控过剩行业新上产能。

We will strictly enforce all laws, regulations, and standards on environmental protection, energy consumption, quality, and safety and make more use of market- and law-based methods as we work to address the problems of “zombie enterprises,” encourage enterprise mergers, restructuring, and bankruptcy liquidations, shut down all outdated production facilities that fail to meet standards, andstringently control the launching of new projects in industries that are already saddled with overcapacity.

法律法规和标准 laws, regulations, and standards 兼并重组 enterprise mergers, restructuring 破产清算 bankruptcy liquidations 严控 stringently control

去产能必须安置好职工，中央财政专项奖补资金要及时拨付，地方和企业要落实相关资金与措施，确保分流职工就业有出路、生活有保障。

As overcapacity is cut, we must provide assistance to laid-off workers. Central

government special funds for rewards and subsidies should be promptly allocated and local governments and enterprises need to put in place related funds and measures, to ensure that laid-off workers can find new jobs and secure their livelihoods.

就业有出路 find new jobs

生活有保障 secure their livelihoods

因城施策去库存。目前三四线城市房地产库存仍然较多，要支持居民自住和进城人员购房需求。

Take targeted policies to cut excess urban real estate inventory

At present, there is still excess supply in the real estate markets of third- and fourth-tier cities. We will support both local and new residents in buying homes for personal use.

坚持住房的居住属性，落实地方政府主体责任，加快建立和完善促进房地产市场平稳健康发展的长效机制，健全购租并举的住房制度，以市场为主满足多层次需求，以政府为主提供基本保障。

We need to be clear that housing is for people to live in, and local governments should take primary responsibility in this respect. We should move faster to establish robust

long-term mechanisms for promoting the steady and sound development of the real estate sector and build a better housing system that gives equal weight to buying and renting, with multiple levels of demand being met primarily by the market, and basic housing support provided by the government.

长效机制 long-term mechanisms

购租并举 gives equal weight to buying and renting

加强房地产市场分类调控，房价上涨压力大的城市要合理增加住宅用地，规范开发、销售、中介等行为，遏制热点城市房价过快上涨。

We will take more category-based and targeted steps to regulate the real estate

market. Cities that are under big pressure from rising housing prices need to increase as appropriate the supply of land for residential use. We should better regulate housing

development, marketing, and intermediary services, and keep home prices from rising too quickly in popular cities.

分类XX category-based

房地产市场 the real estate market 中介 intermediary services

住宅用地 land for residential use

目前城镇还有几千万人居住在条件简陋的棚户区，要持续进行改造。今年再完成棚户区住房改造600万套，继续发展公租房等保障性住房，因地制宜、多种方式提高货币化安置比例，加强配套设施建设和公共服务，让更多住房困难家庭告别棚户区，让广大人民群众在住有所居中创造新生活。

Today several dozen million people still live in rundown areas in cities and towns. We must continue housing renovations in these areas. This year, we will renovate another 6 million housing units in these areas, continue to develop public rental housing and other forms of government-subsidized housing, base measures on local circumstances and use multiple means to increase the use ofmonetary compensation for those affected by such rebuilding, and improve local infrastructure and public services. With these efforts, we will help more families struggling with housing to bid farewell to rundown areas, and see that with good roofs over their heads our people move on to better lives.

棚户区 rundown areas

公租房 public rental housing

保障性住房 government-subsidized housing

积极稳妥去杠杆。我国非金融企业杠杆率较高，这与储蓄率高、以信贷为主的融资结构有关。要在控制总杠杆率的前提下，把降低企业杠杆率作为重中之重。

Carry out deleveraging in an active and prudent way. There is high leverage in

nonfinancial Chinese firms. This is caused by high savings rates and the composition of financing which is primarily based on credit. While working to control overall leverage, we should focus on bringing down the leverage of enterprises.

去杠杆 deleveraging 杠杆率较高 high leverage

控制总杠杆率 control overall leverage

降低企业杠杆率 bringing down the leverage of enterprises

促进企业盘活存量资产，推进资产证券化，支持市场化法治化债转股，发展多层次资本市场，加大股权融资力度，强化企业特别是国有企业财务杠杆约束，逐步将企业负债降到合理水平。

We need to see that the idle assets of enterprises are put to use, push ahead with

securitization of corporate assets, support market- and law-based debt-to-equity swaps, develop the multilevel capital market, expand equity financing, and place tighter

constraints on enterprises, especially SOEs, in leveraging, so as to gradually reduce enterprise debt to an acceptable level.

债转股 debt-to-equity swaps

存量资产 the idle assets of enterprises

多措并举降成本。扩大小微企业享受减半征收所得税优惠的范围，年应纳税所得额上限由30万元提高到50万元；

Take multiple measures to cut costs. More small businesses with low profits will enjoy halved corporate income tax, with the upper limit of taxable annual income raised from 300,000 to 500,000 yuan.

科技型中小企业研发费用加计扣除比例由50%提高到75%，千方百计使结构性减税力度和效应进一步显现。名目繁多的收费使许多企业不堪重负，要大幅降低非税负担。

For small and medium high-tech enterprises, the proportion of R&D expenses covered by the additional tax reduction policy is to be raised from 50 to 75 percent. We will do all we can to see the intensity and impact of structural tax cuts deliver further results. The great number of charges have placed an unbearable burden on many businesses; we are going to slash non-tax burdens.

一是全面清理规范政府性基金，取消城市公用事业附加等基金，授权地方政府自主减免部分基金。

First, we will completely overhaul government-managed funds, abolish municipal public utility surcharges, and authorize local governments to reduce and cancel some funds.

二是取消或停征中央涉企行政事业性收费35项，收费项目再减少一半以上，保留的项目要尽可能降低收费标准。各地也要削减涉企行政事业性收费。

Second, we will abolish or suspend 35 administrative charges paid by enterprises to the central government, again cutting the number of charges by more than half; and then reduce as far as possible those that still apply. Local governments also need to make significant cuts to government administrative fees.

三是减少政府定价的涉企经营性收费，清理取消行政审批中介服务违规收费，推动降低金融、铁路货运等领域涉企经营性收费，加强对市场调节类经营服务性收费的监管。

Third, we will reduce government-set operating fees for businesses. Unauthorized fees charged by intermediaries for government review and approval will be overhauled or abolished. We will work toward lower operating fees levied on businesses in the finance and railway freight sectors. We willstrengthen oversight over the collection of market-set service fees.

四是继续适当降低“五险一金”有关缴费比例。

Fourth, we will continue to lower as appropriate the share paid by enterprises for contributions to social security.

五是通过深化改革、完善政策，降低企业制度性交易成本，降低用能、物流等成本。

Fifth, we will deepen reforms and improve policies to reduce government imposed transaction costs for businesses and lower their energy and logistics costs.

各有关部门和单位都要舍小利顾大义，使企业轻装上阵，创造条件形成我国竞争新优势。

All government departments and agencies concerned should have in mind the overall interests of the country instead of their narrow departmental interests, reduce the financial burden on enterprises, and help them develop new advantages over international competition.

精准加力补短板。要针对严重制约经济社会发展和民生改善的突出问题，结合实施“十三五”规划确定的重大项目，加大补短板力度，加快提升公共服务、基础设施、创新发展、资源环境等支撑能力。

Take targeted and powerful measures to strengthen areas of weakness. We need to focus on salient problems that are holding back economic and social development and making it difficult to improve people’s standards of living, and we should integrate efforts to undertake major projects set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan with efforts to strengthen areas of weakness. We should act faster to raise the capacity of public services, infrastructure, innovation-driven development, and resources and the environment to sustain development.

贫困地区和贫困人口是全面建成小康社会最大的短板。

Poor areas and people living in poverty represent the area of greatest weakness we must face as we work to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

要深入实施精准扶贫精准脱贫，今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上，完成易地扶贫搬迁340万人。中央财政专项扶贫资金增长30%以上。

We need to do more in implementing targeted poverty reduction and elimination

measures. This year we will further reduce the number of rural residents living in poverty by over 10 million, including 3.4 million to be relocated from inhospitable areas. Central government funding for poverty alleviation will be increased by over 30 percent.

精准扶贫精准脱贫 targeted poverty reduction and elimination

加强集中连片特困地区、革命老区、边疆和民族地区开发，改善基础设施和公共服务，推动特色产业发展、劳务输出、教育和健康扶贫，做好因病等致贫返贫群众帮扶，实施贫困村整体提升工程，增强贫困地区和贫困群众自我发展能力。

We need to step up development in contiguous areas of extreme poverty, old

revolutionary bases, border areas, and areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities. For this we should focus on the following work: improving infrastructure and public services; fostering poverty alleviation throughdistinctive local businesses, the domestic and

overseas export of labor, and improving education and health care; providing assistance to people who become poor or sink back into poverty due to illness; implementing the program for improving life in poor villages; and building the self-development capacity of poor areas and people.

劳务输出 export of labor

自我发展能力 the self-development capacity

推进贫困县涉农资金整合，强化资金和项目监管。创新扶贫协作机制，支持和引导社会力量参与扶贫。

In poor counties, different rural development funds will be merged, and oversight over funds and projects will be strengthened. We will develop new mechanisms for

coordinating poverty reduction efforts. We will support and guide non-governmental participation in combating poverty.

社会力量参与 non-governmental participation 扶贫 combating poverty

切实落实脱贫攻坚责任制，实施最严格的评估考核，严肃查处假脱贫、“被脱贫”、数字脱贫，确保脱贫得到群众认可、经得起历史检验。

The system for ensuring responsibility is taken for poverty elimination will be effectively enforced, the strictest possible evaluations and assessments of poverty alleviation will be carried out, and stern measures will be taken to address deception, falsification, and the manipulation of numbers in poverty elimination work. We must see that the results of our poverty elimination earn the approval of our people and stand the test of time.

（14）

这部分内容比较专业，适当理解记忆即可。

深化重要领域和关键环节改革。要全面深化各领域改革，加快推进基础性、关键性改革，增强内生发展动力。

Deepening reform in major sectors and key links

Full reform will be deepened in all areas. We will move faster to advance fundamental and critical reforms to boost the internal forces driving development.

内生发展动力 the internal forces driving development 增强 boost

加快推进 move faster to advance

基础性、关键性改革 fundamental and critical reforms

持续推进政府职能转变。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，必须深化简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。

We will continue to transform government functions.

To enable the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation and to give better play to the role of government, we must deepen reforms to streamline government administration, delegate more powers, and improve regulation and service.

资源配置 resource allocation

A country's resources are the things that it has and can use to increase its wealth, such as coal, oil, or land. 资源

Embryonic stem cell research has repeatedly raised ethical concerns and human eggs are a scarce resource.

But back then natural resource booms of one sort or another produced their millionaires.

这是政府自身的一场深刻革命，要继续以壮士断腕的勇气，坚决披荆斩棘向前推进。

This is a profound reform of government itself, which we need to continue

to pursue with the courage to make painful self-adjustments and overcome all odds.

全面实行清单管理制度，制定国务院部门权力和责任清单，加快扩大市场准入负面清单试点，减少政府的自由裁量权，增加市场的自主选择权。清理取消一批生产和服务许可证。

We will fully implement the list-based management system, formulate lists of powers and responsibilities of the departments under the State Council, accelerate the extension of trials of granting market access on the basis of a negative list, and reduce the

discretionary powers of the government while giving the market more freedom to take its course. We will abolish the requirement for permits for a number of production and service activities.

清单管理制度 the list-based management system 权力和责任清单 lists of powers and responsibilities 自由裁量权 discretionary powers

Discretionary /d??skr???n?r?/ 酌情决定的

Magistrates were given wider discretionary powers. 地方法官们被赋予了更广泛的酌情决定权。

深化商事制度改革，实行多证合一，扩大“证照分离”改革试点。

We will deepen institutional reforms in the business sector, merge different forms of certification required of businesses into one certificate, and expand trials to separate operating permits and business licenses.

商事制度改革 institutional reforms in the business sector

证照分离 separate operating permits and business licenses

完善事中事后监管制度，实现“双随机、一公开”监管全覆盖，推进综合行政执法。

We will improve the system for conducting both registration and post-registration

oversight over businesses, apply the oversight model of random inspection and public release to cover all business activities, and strengthen coordinated administrative law enforcement.

加快国务院部门和地方政府信息系统互联互通，形成全国统一政务服务平台。

We will accelerate efforts to make the information systems of the State Council

departments and those of local governments better connected and form a nationally unified government service platform.

我们一定要让企业和群众更多感受到“放管服”改革成效，着力打通“最后一公里”，坚决除烦苛之弊、施公平之策、开便利之门。

To see that businesses and the public benefit more from our reforms to streamline

administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services, we must cut red tape, level the playing field, provide greater convenience, and remove that last crucial hurdle.

放管服: 简政放权、放管结合、优化服务的简称 streamline administration delegate powers

improve regulation and services

Red tape

You refer to official rules and procedures as red tape when they seem unnecessary and cause delay. (官方的) 繁文缛节 [表不满]

The little money that was available was tied up in bureaucratic red tape. 可支配的那点点钱都花在官僚主义的繁文缛节上了。

继续推进财税体制改革。落实和完善全面推开营改增政策。简化增值税税率结构，今年由四档税率简并至三档，营造简洁透明、更加公平的税收环境，进一步减轻企业税收负担。

We will continue to reform fiscal and tax systems. We will implement and improve policies on replacing business tax with VAT across the board. We will simplify the structure of VAT rates, and undertake this year to turn the four tax brackets into three. We will create a simple, transparent, and fairer tax environment and further ease the tax burden of our firms.

财税体制 fiscal and tax systems 税收负担 tax burden

加快推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，制定收入划分总体方案，健全地方税体系，规范地方政府举债行为。

We will move faster to advance the reform of defining the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of the central and local governments, formulate an overall plan for central and local government revenue sharing, improve the local tax system, and better regulate local government debt financing.

深入推进政府预决算公开，倒逼沉淀资金盘活，提高资金使用效率，每一笔钱都要花在明处、用出实效。

We will step up efforts to make government budgets and final accounts more transparent to create pressure for idle budgetary funds to be put to good use. We must use funds more efficiently, and ensure every single sum is spent where it can be seen and produces results.

推进····公开 make more transparent 预决算 budgets and final accounts 沉淀资金 idle budgetary funds

抓好金融体制改革。促进金融机构突出主业、下沉重心，增强服务实体经济能力，坚决防止脱实向虚。

We will advance reforms in the financial sector. We will prompt financial institutions to focus on their main business and make their services accessible to small and micro

businesses, strengthen their ability to serve the real economy, and resolutely prevent them from being distracted from their intended purpose.

实体经济 the real economy

突出主业 focus on main business

鼓励大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部，国有大型银行要率先做到，实行差别化考核评价办法和支持政策，有效缓解中小微企业融资难、融资贵问题。

We will encourage large and medium commercial banks to establish inclusive finance departments.Large state-owned banks should take the lead in this effort. We will

adopt differentiated assessment and evaluation measures and supportive policies, and effectively address the problem of medium, small, and micro enterprises being unable to access loans or having to pay high interest to secure loans.

率先 take the lead

考核评价办法 assessment and evaluation measures

发挥好政策性开发性金融作用。推进农村信用社改革，强化服务“三农”功能。

We will make good use of policy-backed and development-oriented finance. We will move forward with the reform of rural credit cooperatives and strengthen the role they play in meeting the needs ofagriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives

A cooperative is a business or organization run by the people who work for it, or owned by the people who use it. These people share its benefits and profits. 合作性企业; 合作性组织 [商业]

They decided a housing cooperative was the way to regenerate the area. 他们决定用合作建房的方式重建这一地区。

深化多层次资本市场改革，完善主板市场基础性制度，积极发展创业板、新三板，规范发展区域性股权市场。

We will deepen the reform of the multi-tiered capital market, improve the basic systems of the main board, actively develop the ChiNext stock market and the new third board, and see that regional equity markets develop in a well-regulated way.

拓宽保险资金支持实体经济渠道。大力发展绿色金融。推动融资租赁业健康发展。

We will expand channels for using insurance funds to support the real economy. We will make major efforts to develop green finance. We will give impetus to the sound development of the financial leasing industry.

融资租赁业 the financial leasing industry 保险资金 insurance funds

（15）

当前系统性风险总体可控，但对不良资产、债券违约、影子银行、互联网金融等累积风险要高度警惕。

At present, overall, systemic risks are under control. But we must be fully alert to the buildup of risks, including risks related to non-performing assets, bond defaults, shadow banking, and Internet finance.

不良资产 non-performing assets 债券违约 bond defaults

积极稳妥推进金融监管体制改革，有序化解处置突出风险点，整顿规范金融秩序，筑牢金融风险“防火墙”。

We will take active and steady steps to advance the reform of the financial regulatory system, and work systematically to defuse major potential risks. We will ensure order in the financial sector and build a firewall against financial risks.

积极稳妥 take active and steady steps to 金融监管体制 the financial regulatory system 有序 work systematically to

我国经济基本面好，商业银行资本充足率、拨备覆盖率比较高，可动用的工具和手段多。对守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线，我们有信心和底气、有能力和办法。

The fundamentals of the Chinese economy remain sound, the capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage of commercial banks remain high, and we have many financial tools and instruments that can be used. We have the confidence, the ability, and the means to forestall systemic risks.

Forestall /f???st??l/ 预先阻止

Large numbers of police were in the square to forestall any demonstrations. 大批警察在广场上以预先阻止任何游行示威。

深入推进国企国资改革。

We will deepen the reform of SOEs and state capital.

要以提高核心竞争力和资源配置效率为目标，形成有效制衡的公司法人治理结构、灵活高效的市场化经营机制。

We should develop a corporate governance structure (represented by legal person) that is under effective check and a flexible and efficient market-based operating system, with a view to increasing core competitiveness and making resource allocation more effective.

今年要基本完成公司制改革。深化混合所有制改革，在电力、石油、天然气、铁路、民航、电信、军工等领域迈出实质性步伐。

This year we will basically complete the introduction of corporate systems into SOEs. We will deepen reform to establish mixed ownership systems, and make substantive progress in industries including electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railways, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense.

电力 electric power 石油 petroleum 天然气 natural gas 铁路 railways 民航 civil aviation

电信 telecommunications 军工 defense

抓好电力和石油天然气体制改革，开放竞争性业务。持续推进国有企业瘦身健体、提质增效，抓紧剥离办社会职能，解决历史遗留问题。

We will advance structural reform in the power, oil and gas sectors and open their competitive operations to the private sector. We will do more to make SOEs leaner and healthier, and perform better; and we will redouble efforts to relieve SOEs of their

obligations to operate social programs and help them resolve other longstanding issues.

历史遗留问题 longstanding issues

推进国有资本投资、运营公司改革试点。改善和加强国有资产监管，确保资产保值增值，把人民的共同财富切实守护好、发展好。

We will make progress in work on piloting reforms in state capital investment and

management companies. We will improve and strengthen regulation of state assets, and ensure that state assets maintain and increase their value, as we are duty bound to see that the common wealth of the people is well protected and grows.

更好激发非公有制经济活力。深入落实支持非公有制经济发展的政策措施。积极构建新型政商关系。鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革。

We will do more to energize the non-public sector. We will thoroughly implement the policies and measures for supporting the development of the non-public sector. We will work actively to developa new relationship between government and business. We will encourage non-public enterprises to participate in SOE reforms.

激发 活力 energize

政商关系 relationship between government and business 非公有制企业 non-public enterprises

坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，进一步放宽非公有制经济市场准入。

We must ensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules, and further expand market access to the non-public sector.

放宽····准入 expand market access to

凡法律法规未明确禁入的行业和领域，都要允许各类市场主体平等进入；凡向外资开放的行业和领域，都要向民间资本开放；凡影响市场公平竞争的不合理行为，都要坚决制止。

All industries and sectors for which entry is not explicitly prohibited by laws or

regulations should be open to different types of market entities; all industries and sectors that are open to overseas investment should be open to Chinese private capital; and all unjustified activities that impede fair market competition should be stopped.

Impede /?m?pi?d/ 阻碍

Debris and fallen rock are impeding the progress of the rescue workers. 瓦砾和落下的岩石正阻碍着救援人员的进程。

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加强产权保护制度建设。保护产权就是保护劳动、保护发明创造、保护和发展生产力。

We will improve the property rights protection system. Protecting property rights means protecting labor, protecting invention and innovation, and protecting and developing productive forces.

就是 mean 劳动 labor

发明创造 invention and innovation 生产力 productive forces

要加快完善产权保护制度，依法保障各种所有制经济组织和公民财产权，激励人们创业创新创富，激发和保护企业家精神，使企业家安心经营、放心投资。

We will work faster to improve the property rights protection system and protect in

accordance with law the property rights of economic entities under all forms of ownership and the property rights of citizens. We will encourage people to start businesses, make innovations, and create wealth, and we will inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and ensure that entrepreneurs can run their businesses and make investments with peace of mind.

创业创新 start businesses, make innovations 企业家精神 entrepreneurship 经营 run businesses

对于侵害企业和公民产权的行为，必须严肃查处、有错必纠。

Activities that infringe on the property rights of businesses and citizens must be investigated and dealt with severely; anything that has been done wrong must be corrected.

Activities that ：经典结构，类似 he who

He who has learned how to obey will know how to command. He who has never learned to obey cannot be a good commander.

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大力推进社会体制改革。深化收入分配制度配套改革。稳步推动养老保险制度改革，划转部分国有资本充实社保基金。深化医疗、医保、医药联动改革。

We will make a big push for progress in the reform of the social system. We will deepen reforms in support of change in the income distribution system. We will take steady steps to advance reform of the old-age insurance system, and allocate a portion of state capital to enlarge social security funds. We will deepen the coordinated reform of medical services, health insurance, and the medicine industry.

社会体制 the social system

收入分配制度 the income distribution system 国有资本 state capital

社保基金 social security funds

全面推开公立医院综合改革，全部取消药品加成，协调推进医疗价格、人事薪酬、药品流通、医保支付方式等改革。深入推进教育、文化和事业单位等改革，把社会领域的巨大发展潜力充分释放出来。

We will introduce overall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups on pharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progress in reforming health care pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of health insurance payment. We will continue reforms in education, the cultural sector, and public institutions to unleash society’s vast potential for growth.

综合改革 overall reform

药品加成 markups on pharmaceuticals 事业单位 public institutions

深化生态文明体制改革。

We will deepen institutional reform to build a sound ecological environment.

完善主体功能区制度和生态补偿机制，建立资源环境监测预警机制，开展健全国家自然资源资产管理体制试点，出台国家公园体制总体方案，为生态文明建设提供有力制度保障。

We will improve the functional zoning system and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts; we will put in place resource and environment monitoring and early-warning mechanisms; we will launch trials to improve the state natural resource assets management system; and we will introduce an overall plan for establishing a

national parks system. All these efforts should provide effective institutional safeguards for building a sound ecological environment.

主体功能区制度 the functional zoning system

生态补偿机制 the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts 预警机制 early-warning mechanisms

（三）进一步释放国内需求潜力。推动供给结构和需求结构相适应、消费升级和有效投资相促进、区域城乡发展相协调，增强内需对经济增长的持久拉动作用。

3. Doing more to unleash the potential of domestic demand. We will push to see that the composition of supply becomes better matched with the composition of demand and that consumption upgrades and effective investment reinforce each other; we will promote coordinated development between regions and between rural and urban areas; and we will strengthen the role of domestic demand in sustaining growth.

释放 unleash

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