陈雪

铜川-青岛天然气管道工艺设计

摘 要

天然气作为一种清洁、高效的化石能源，其开发利用越来越受到世界各国的重视。全球范围来看，天然气资源量要远大于石油，发展天然气具有足够的资源保障。预计2030年前，天然气将在一次能源消费中与煤和石油并驾齐驱。天然气的高峰期持续时间较长，非常规天然气的出现和大发展必将支撑天然气继续快速发展，最终超过石油，成为世界第一大消费能源。

本次毕业设计主要对铜川至青岛输气管道首站工艺进行设计。设计的内容主要由三部分组成：设计概述、设计计算部分和绘图部分。在设计概述部分中，主要是介绍了工程的概况、方案的比较与选择、压气站布置和布置的原则、管道材料的选择、压气站的平面布置、输气管道的运行与管理、辅助生产设施、涉及输气管道的一些重要设施的管理和改进的意见进行了说明；在计算部分中，首先进行了初步方案的计算、管径的计算、水力计算、末端长度的计算和布站的计算、压缩机和驱动机的选型、经济性的计算和方案的比较并进行优选；绘图部分中，绘制了沿程压降图与全线布置图、首站平面布置图和工艺流程图等。

本次毕业设计不仅根据实际的情况进行了计算，还结合输气管道的基本原理和设计的基本方法，在所设计的九种方案中选择出一种最经济且运行安全的方案。

关键词：输气管道；压缩机；沿程压降；

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Design of natural gas pipeline from Tongchuan to Qingdao

Abstract

Natural gas as a clean, efficient fossil energy, its development and utilization of more and more attention around the world. Globally, much larger than the amount of oil and natural gas resources, the development of natural gas has sufficient resources and support. Expected by 2030, natural gas will keep pace with the coal and oil in primary energy consumption. Longer duration peak of natural gas, unconventional gas occurs and large development will continue to support the rapid development of natural gas, and ultimately more than oil, as the world's largest consumer of energy.

This graduation project is head station technological design the pipeline from Tongchuan to Qingdao. The design content composed by three parts: Explanation , Design calculation and Cartography .In the explanation part, mainly was introduced the project survey, the plan comparison and the choice, the compressed air station arrangement and the arrangement principle, the pipeline material choice, the compressed air stood the plane arrangement, the gas pipeline movement and the management, the auxiliary production facility, involved the gas pipeline some critical facilities management and the improvement opinion has carried on the explanation; In the computation part, has first carried on the computation, the compressor and the actuation machine shaping which the tentative plan computation, the caliber computation, the water power computation, the terminal length computation and the cloth stands, the efficient computation and the plan comparison and carries on optimal.

In the chart part, has drawn up along the regulation pressure drop chart and the station floor-plan and the station flow chart.

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This graduation project not only act according to the actual situation to carry on the computation, unified the gas pipeline the basic principle and the design essential method, but also in designed to chose one kind to be most in nine center plans economical also the movement security plan.

Keyword: gas pipeline; compressor; the regulation pressure drop

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目 录

1 设计概述 ........................................................... 1

1.1 工程概况 ..................................................... 1

1.1.1 长输管道设计的原始资料 ................................. 1 1.1.2 设计原则 ............................................... 2 1.1.3 线路工程 ............................................... 3 1.1.4 沿线自然条件状况 ........................................ 3 1.1.5 沿线地区等级划分 ....................................... 3 1.1.6 管道设计规范和要求 ...................................... 4 1.1.7管道敷设方式 ............................................. 4 1.2 设计方案比较 ................................................. 5 1.3 压气站的布置 .................................................. 6

1.3.1 压气站的功能与组成 ...................................... 6 1.3.2 燃-压机组选型 .......................................... 7 1.3.3 机组布置 ................................................ 9 1.4 管道材料选择 .................................................. 9 1.5 平面布置 ..................................................... 10

1.5.1 生产建筑 ............................................... 10 1.5.2 生活建筑 ............................................... 10 1.6 旋风除尘器 ................................................... 10 1.7过滤分离器 ................................................... 11 1.8 辅助生产设施 ................................................. 11

1.8.1 供配电 ................................................. 11

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1.8.2 给水排水及消防 ......................................... 12 1.9 输气管道生产、运营及管理 ..................................... 13

1.9.1 建立全面的安全生产工作制度 ............................. 13 1.9.2 管道投产初期的安全防范措施 ............................. 13 1.9.3 安全管理 ............................................... 14 2.0 输气管道存在的问题及改进意见 ................................. 14

2.0.1 腐蚀及控制 ............................................. 14 2.0.2 管道失效原因及对策 ..................................... 15 2.0.3 环境保护 ............................................... 16

2 计算部分 ......................................................... 17

2.1 初步计算 ..................................................... 17 2.2 方案计算 ..................................................... 17 2.3 经济性计算 .................................................. 34 结 论 .............................................................. 42 谢 辞 ............................................................... 43 附 录 .............................................................. 45 符号说明 ............................................................ 50

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