心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因

Model Test Eight

I. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1．心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因。

2．分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因（可从失业、压力过重、缺少支持、缺乏人际关系等方面加以分析）

3．你认为人们如何保持心理健康。

II. Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions. For questions 1-7, markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given

in the passage; N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10 ,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Highway

A goverment study recommended a national highway systerm of 33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, central controlled desert criteria.

The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To bulid its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic, features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of American.

Long-span,segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr. Bakerin Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed uder the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.

Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico, Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, piding medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, ourves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).

By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cutural progreams health care ,and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides inpiduals with what they enerish most: personal freedom of mobility.

The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck.and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehiole.

Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centres. It has allower the rwlocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.

By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads ,residential streets,expressways,and freeways built to support millions of vehicles,The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vison and leadership.The year construction began he said:"Together,the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States.Without them ,we would be a mere alliance of many sepaeate parts."

1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.

2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-land highways of American.

3. It was in the 1950s that American government finally took action ato build a national highway system.

4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.

5. In spite of safety ocnsiderations, the death rate n interstate highways is still higher than that on the other American roads.

6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in American.

7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.

8.The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________

9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________

10.The interterstate systerm was renamed afterEisenhower in recognition_____________

III.Reading comprehension(reading in depth) (III&IV25minutes)

Direction : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

There is nothing more fatiguing than not succeeding-being blocked, not moving ahead. It is a __1__ circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and the fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which tends to ___2_ the failure. We experience this tiredness in two main ways: as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a __3__ that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too __4__ or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we __5__ it, the more tired we feel.

Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not __6__ physical, not something in our muscles

and bones. The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not __7__ to apply: an exertion of will power. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of other things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attach the objectionable item first. To __8__ start-up fatigue, always tackle the most difficult job first.

Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are not __9__ to get started but we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a __10__, I work as hard as I can then let the unconscious take over.

IV. Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic(北极的) snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate ( 分区) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.

The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

1. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that

A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results

B) lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase

C) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected

D) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow

2. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US

A) was discouraged

B) was enforced by law

C) was prohibited by law

D) was introduced

3. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?

A) By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.

B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.

D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.

4. The authors of the Ambio study have found that

A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected

B) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with

C) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US

D) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions

5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists

A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution

B) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline

C) still consider lead pollution a problem

D) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution

Passage Two

Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight.Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to "light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.

In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts;for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, program director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.

Still, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.

If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, assuming no increase in

food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.

6. What is said about the average American in the passage?

A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of "light" beer.

B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.

C) They prefer "light" beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.

D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.

7. Some people dislike exercise because

A) they think it is physically exhausting

B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet

C) they don't think it possible to walk 3 miles every day

D) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome

8. "Even exercise professionals concede half a point here" (Line 3, Para. 2) means "They

A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exercise

B) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction

C) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one's new weight

D) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight

9. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center's study?

A) Controlling one's calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.

B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.

C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.

D) One could lose ten pounds in a year's time if there's no increase in food intake.

10. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?

A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.

B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.

C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.

D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

One day a police officer manager to get some fresh mushrooms.He was so (1)what he had bought that he offered to (2) the mushrooms with his brother officers.When their breakfast arrived the next day, each officer found some mushrooms on his plate.“Let the dog (3 ) a piece first,”suggested one ( 4 ) officer who was afraid that the mushrooms might be poisonous.The dog seemed to (5) his mushrooms, and the officers then began to eat their meal saying that the mushrooms had a very strang (6) quite pleasant taste. An hour (7) , however, they were all astonished when the gardener rushed on and said ( 8 ) the dog was dead. ( 9 ) , the officers jumpedsintostheir cars and rushedsintosthe nearest hospital.Pumps (泵) were used and the officers had a very (10 ) time getting rid of the mushrooms that (11) in their stomachs.When they(12) to

the police station, they sat down and started to(13)the mushroom poisoning.Each man explained the pains that he had felt and they agreed that (14) had grown worse on their(15) to the hospital.The gardener was called to tell the way (16) the poor dog had died.“Did it (17) much before death?”asked one of the officers, (18) very pleased that he had escaped a (19) death himself.“No,”answered the gardener looker rather (20) .“It was killed the moment a car hit it.”

1.A.sure of B.careless about C.pleased with D.disappointed at

2.A.share B.grow C.wash D.cook

3.A.check B.smell C.try D.examine

4.A.frightened B.shy C.cheerful D.careful

5.A.refuse B.hate C.want D.enjoy

6.A.besides B.but C.and D.or

d849410cc67da26925c52cc58bd63186bdeb9210ter B.after C.past D.over

8.A.cruelly B.curiously C.seriously D.finally

9.A.Immediately B.Carefully C.Suddenly D.Slowly

10.A.hard B.busy C.exciting D.unforgettable

11.A.stopped B.dropped C.settled D.remained

12.A.hurried B.drove C.went D.returned

13.A.study B.discuss C.record D.remember

14.A.this B.these C.it D.the

15.A.road B.street C.way D.direction

16.A.how B.in that C.which D.in which

17.A.suffer B.eat C.harm D.spit

18.A.to feel B.feeling C.felt D.having felt

19.A.strange B.painful C.peaceful D.natural

20.A.happy B.interested C.surprised D.Excited

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2.

1. although I liked the appearance of the house, ____________________________(真正让我下决心买下它的) was the beautiful view through the window.

2. the ancient Egyptians ____________________(被假定已发射过火箭) to the moon.

3. the newspaper did not mention ___________________________(火灾造成的损害的程度).

4. I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it.

5. ____________________________(和原来的计划比起来), this plan is far more complete.

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