2001年同等学力申硕英语真题及答案

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A. very B. rather C. less D. a little A. obstacle B. interior C. interference D. interruption A. voluntary B. formal C. required D. practical Should either of these situations occur, wrong control actions might be taken and a potential A. installed B. imported C. interviewed D. started in the private sector. (B) A. farewell B. guarantee C. well being D. well-off It is not clear whether the increase in reports simply the result of more surveys. (C) A. comes B. flows C. originates D. derives This is the sort of case in which judges must exercise the arbitrary power described a moment ago. (A) A. use B. avail C. display D. have Recent studies have the question as to whether there is a link between film violence and real violence. (C) A. poised B. supposed C. raised D. aroused A. reached B. weakened C. covered D. spoiled AA. neglected B. worried C. mentioned D. reduced Some psychologists argue that the traditional idea “spare the rod and spoil the child” is not rational. (D) A. kind B. helpfulC. effective D. sensible A. attitudes B. methods C. solutions D. thoughts A. holiday B. career C. research D. plan A. retrieve B. detain C. detect D. track A. unfamiliar B. local C. unfavorable D. good These last 22 years have really been amazing; every prediction we ve made about improvements have all _______. (C) A. come down B. come over C. come true D. come along Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave _______. (A) A. on the spot B. at the spot C. in the spot D. for the spot Mary succeeded in living ______ her extraordinary reputation. (B) A. up B. up to C. on D. down Other guests at yesterday s opening, which was broadcast ______ by the radio station, included the Governor and the Mayor. (A) A. live B. alive C. living D. lively The manager was told when he was ______ that his was a pressure job. (B) A. pointed B. appointed C. disappointed D. assigned

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A. safety B. management C. routineD. devices Gestures are an important means to ______ messages. (B) A. study B. convey C. keep D. exploit _____ preparations were being made for the Prime Minister s official visit to the four foreign countries. (A) A. Elaborate B. Wise C. Neutral D. Optional This local evening paper has a ______ of twenty-five thousand. (D) A. contribution B. number C. celebration D. circulation Susan loves chocolate so much that she can hardly resist its ______. (C) A. brand B. sight C. temptation D. variety On the local market, _____ fruits and vegetables are now commonly sold. (B) A. enough B. exotic C. famous D. limited After a few months, the immigrants became ______ to the new environment. (C) A. sick B. confident C. accustomed D. happy If your _____ lively pets become passive, they might be ill. (D) A. rarely B. traditionally C. continually D. normally Speech is the _____ ability possessed only by human beings. (B) A. average B. unique C. single D. collective John seldom drinks coffee because he doesn t _____ the taste. (C) A. care about B. stand for C. care for D. cope with

Passage 1

Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other “friends” to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to “compartmentalize” (划分) friendships, having “friends at work”, “friends on the softball team”, “family friends”, etc.

Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change. people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere. Americans can sometimes seem brusque (无礼的) or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American” in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn t matter, because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.

On the other hand, don t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.

46. The general topic of the passage is ______.

A. American society B. American culture

C. Americans personality D. Americans activities

47. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Friendships among Americans tend to be casual.

B. Americans do not like to depend on other people.

C. Americans always seem to be on the go.

D. Americans know a lot about international affairs.

48. The phrase “highly charged” (para.2) most probably means ______.

A. highly responsible B. extremely free

C. full of mobility and change D. very cheerful

49. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. Americans character is affected by their social and geographical environment

B. Americans want to participate in all kinds of activities

C. curiosity is characteristic of Americans

D. Americans do not know how to deal with silence

50. According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because ______.

A. they are too proud of themselves

B. they are not interested in other countries

C. they are too busy to learn about other countries

D. their country does not have many neighboring nations

Key: C, C, D, C, A

Passage 2

Want a glimpse of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people involved in patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient—no matter where he or she may be.

Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be based on real physiological data from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the-shelf (现成的) PDA (personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patient s vital signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit (急救包) the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.

Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool For disaster response—especially after earthquakes. Overall, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and expertise.

But there is one problem. Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical images around the world—CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers. Communications satellites may be able to cope with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of distributed medical intelligence.

Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should usher in (迎来) an era when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, expert opinion and diagnosis are common.

51. The basis of remote diagnosis will be ______.

A. personal data assistance

B. standardized symptoms of a patient

C. real physiological data from a patient

D. transmitted complex medical images

52. The sentence “the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of

the past” means ______.

A. patients used to cry and ask if there was a doctor in the house

B. now people probably would not ask if there is a doctor in the house

C. patients are now still asking if there is a doctor in the house

D. in the past people often cried and asked if there was a doctor in the house

53. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______.

A. flood is not among the disasters mentioned in the passage

B. it is now feasible to transmit a patient s vital signs over telephone

C. telemedicine is being used by many medical teams as a tool for disaster response

D. the trend in applying telemedicine is toward providing global access to medical data

54. The word “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that ______.

A. CT scans are one of the biggest bandwidth consumers

B. there are not enough mobile phones for distributing medical intelligence

C. communications satellites can only cope with the short-term needs during disasters

D. bandwidth is not adequate to transmit complex medical images around the world

55. A proper title for the passage may be ______.

A. The Online Doctor Is In

B. Improvement in Communications

C. How to Make Remote Diagnosis

D. Application of Telemedicine

Passage 3

Pictures in the British papers this week of Prince William, Prince Charles s 18-year-old son, cleaning toilets overseas, have led to a surge of altruism (利他主义). Raleigh International, the charity that organized his trip, has seen inquiries about voluntary work abroad rise by 30%. But the image of idealistic youth that William presents no longer reflects the reality of the volunteer force. It s getting older and older.

Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) has about 2,000 volunteers in the field around the world. After a dip in interest in the mid-1990s, applications to work abroad are at record levels. Last year 7,645 people submitted applications, and 920 successfully negotiated the VSO selection process and were sent abroad. When the organization was founded in 1959, the average volunteer was in his early 20s. Now, the average age is 35, and set to rise further.

Partly, that is because there are more older people who want to do VSO. More people take early retirement; more, says the chief executive of VSO, “still feel that they have more to give and are in good health”. And the demands of the African and Asian countries where most of the volunteers go are changing, too. Their educational standards have risen over the past couple of decades, so they want people with more qualifications, skills and experience.

BESO (British Executive Service Overseas) recruits executives and businessmen with at least 15 years experience for short-term contract work overseas. It organizes 500 placements (工作安置) a year, and at the moment supply is surpassing demand. A BESO spokesman said that the organization is limited by funding rather than a lack of volunteers.”

Enthusiastic but unqualified students do not impress as much as they once did alongside accountants, managers and doctors. The typical volunteer, these days, has been in full-time employment for at least five years and is highly qualified. And the profession which provides the biggest portion of volunteers is education—headmasters and school inspectors as well as classroom teachers.

56. According to the passage, the volunteers ______.

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A. are becoming fewer B. are getting older and older C. are mostly students D. are inexperienced and unqualified All the statements are true about Prince William EXCEPT that ______. A. his trip was organized by a government institution B. his trip has triggered a surge of altruism C. he is not a representative volunteer in age D. he presents the image of idealistic youth From the second paragraph we can know that ______. A. the average volunteer is not much older now than forty years ago B. the number of applications to work abroad declined in the mid-1990s C. there were more applications to work abroad in the early 1990s than in the late 1990s D. of those who have submitted applications a majority have been chosen and sent abroad There are more older people who want to do VSO because ______. I. more people take early retirement II. more older people feel they are in good health III. the foreign countries where the volunteers go want people with more qualifications,

skills and experience

A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. I, II and III

60. According to the last paragraph, the typical volunteer may be _____.

A. a highly qualified headmaster or teacher

B. an enthusiastic but unqualified young student

C. a well-experienced accountant, manager, or doctor

D. an executive or businessman with at least 15 years experience

Key: B, A, B, D, A

Passage 4

With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That s a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah s Ark”

Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&M s College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo (胚胎) transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possible. It s a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it s very much like what we re attempting here at Texas A&M—to save animals from extinction.”

Noah s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen (精子) and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.

It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.

This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead Female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.

The entire procedure could take from three to Five years to complete.

“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and it s difficult, but this could be

groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas A&M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.

“They are trying to do something that s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah s Ark. We re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and there s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It s a research that is very much needed.”

61. The aim of “Noah s Ark” project is to ______.

A. implant embryo into a host animal

B. salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandas

C. save endangered animals from extinction

D. introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit

62. How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?

A. 1 year. B. 3 to 5 years. C. 2 years. D. 25 years.

63. The word “groundbreaking” (para.7) can be interpreted as ______.

A. essentially new B. pioneering C. evolutionary D. epoch-making

64. What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?

A. Lack of available panda eggs. B. Lack of host animals.

C. Lack of qualified researchers. D. Lack of funds.

65. The best title for the passage may be ______.

A. China—the Native Place of Pandas Forever

B. China s Efforts to Clone Pandas

C. China s First Cloned Panda

D. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

Key: C, D, A, B, B

Passage 5

If there is one thing scientists hate to hear. it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil (畏缩) from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today s scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.

A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today s leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.

The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation (谴责) in the United States last year. “The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief,” Mr. Horgan says.

The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s—the genetic code, plate tectonics (板块构造说), and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang ―genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, than ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state Sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.

Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today s? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. “Look, don t get me wrong,” says Mr. Horgan. “There are lots of important

things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease though there are few real signs of progress.”

66. The sentence “most of the best things have already been located” could mean ______.

A. most of the best things remain to be changed

B. most of the best things have already been changed

C. most secrets of the world have already been discovered

D. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discovered

67. John Horgan ______.

I. has published a book entitled The End of Science

II. has been working as an editor of Scientific American

Ill. has been working many years as a literary critic

IV. is working as a science writer

A. I only B. I and II C. I, II and IV D. I and IV

68. There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because

______.

A. there are too many important things for scientists to study

B. there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental science

C. today s scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past

D. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energy

69. The term “the Big Bang” probably refers to ______.

A. a geological theory

B. the genetic code theory

C. the origin and the power of atomic energy

D. a theory of the origin of the universe

70. The best title of this passage can be ______.

A. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern Scientists

B. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be Possible

C. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes Scarce

D. The State Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in Vain

Cloze

There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically Full-time work For a social agency. Just as there are opportunities For voluntary service 71 (VSO) for young people before they take up Full-time employment, there are opportunities for overseas service For technicians in developing countries. Some people, 74 those who retire early, 75 their technical and business skills in countries there is a special need.

So in considering voluntary or community service there are more opportunities than there were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different both personal and . One should not join them to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the not business efficiency. Because salaries are or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for , simply because they enjoy the work.

Many community activities possible retirement were also possible during one s working life but they are to be undertaken 89 seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider community service.

71. A. over sea B. oversea C. overseas D. over seas

72. A. so B. as C. that D. then

73. A. qualifying B. quantity C. qualified D. quality

74. A. partly B. partially C. passionately D. particularly

75. A. operate B. order C. occupy D. offer

76. A. where B. which C. that D. as

77. A. paid B. paying C. pay D. to be paid

78. A. lately B. before C. ever D. never

79. A. number B. team C. crowd D. staff

80. A. By B. In C. Through D. With

81. A. comment B. look at C. judge D. enjoy

82. A. subject B. subjective C. objectsD. objectives

83. A. organizational B. organization C. organizing D. organized

84. A. to expect B. expecting C. expected D. being expected

85. A. cause B. course C. caution D. case

86. A. small B. little C. big D. large

87. A. freedom B. free C. something D. money

88. A. on B. before C. at D. in

89. A. very much B. much C. no less D. no more

90. A. to take B. to be taken C. being taken D. taking

Key: C, A, C, D, D, A, A, C, D, B, C, D, A, B, A, A, B, D B, D

C-E

过去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1995年，改变人类生活的发明有汽车、飞机、电话、收音机、电视机——当然还有核武器和计算机。而近50年来，只有为数不多的发明。难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗？答案并非如此。事实上，发明的新时代刚刚开始。

译文：

The past 50 years wasn t really a golden age for inventions. Inventions that changed human life from 1900 to 1995 included cars, airplanes, telephones, radios and televisions—of course, there were nuclear weapons and computers as well. However, in the recent 50 years, there ve been only a limited number inventions. Has the source of inventions been dried up? No. The fact is that the new-age for inventions has just begun.

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