2019版高考英语（课标版）一轮复习题组优化训练：第二部分 专题五 名词

专题五 名词

题组1 常见名词后缀

1.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),69]This development was only possible with the (introduce) of

electric-powered engines and lifts.

2.[2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ),61]But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).

3.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ),48]Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived

from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.

4.[2015江苏,32]Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer

reform.

5.[2014湖北,21]Her (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher

education.

6.[2013江西,22]Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with (patient).

题组2 名词的数

7.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ),62]This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)...has had some

unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

8.[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ),47]She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to

concentrate on her studies.

9.[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ),66]Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work ... 10.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ)改错]The instructor kept repeating the word, \12.[2015新课标全国Ⅰ改错]The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.

11.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错]The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.

A组基础题

A单句填空

13.[2018 全国名校第二次大联考,68]I would never make the (associate) until that day. 14.[2018 湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64]It was the moment that continuously inspired her to bring

great happiness and (excite) to her students...

15.[2018 河南八市高三第二次测评,64]It is not new — the basic (principle) have been

understood since the early 19th century.

16.[2018 湖南浏阳第二、五、六三校联考,69]I felt in both my (pocket)for the keys:They were not

there.

17.[2018 山东实验中学二诊,64]I have noticed how the music changes one’s view,and I am thankful for

the way musicians work to the best of their (able) to provide music for their audience.

18.[2018贵州黔东南州第一次联考,64]The Great Wall has a history of more than 2,000 (year). 19.[2018华大新高考联盟教学质量测评,64]One punctuation mark can make a big (differ). 20.[2018甘肃天水三中第二次段考,65]I obviously had made the wrong (choose) because the

next morning I woke only a short while before sunrise.

21.[2018福建福州综合质量检测,68]The snake’s defense inspired him to create a set of 72 movements,

which used (soft) and power from inside to defeat violent force.

22.[2018江西赣州十四县市期中联考,69]She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought

me into her world: a world of smiles, love and (warm).

23.[2017河南重点中学高三联考,69]Actually, it was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity

SOS Children’s Village as part of their winter campaign to collect (donate) to help Syrian children get through the winter.

24.[2017湖南长沙长郡中学高三调研,63]But much like other sports events, a lot of professional

(compete)rule the triathlon world.

25.[2017河南八市高三质检,65]Choosing what places to visit in Dubai is difficult, because even the

hotels there are also amazing (attract).

26.[2017广东珠海高三调研,4]A few of the parents seem to go out of their way to add to their children’s

(difficult).

27.[2016河北\五个一名校联盟\高三教学监测,68]Actually with my (confident) built up, I now

turn out to be a great speaker.

B单句改错

28.[2018河南豫南豫北名校精英联赛]The second problem is making friend.

part in.

29.[2018湖北鄂南高中、华师一附中、黄冈中学等八校联考]There are many kinds of activity for us to take

30.[2018湖南衡阳联考]First, smoking is bad for one’s healthy.

for me.

31.[2018安徽知名示范高中质量检测]Lacking exercises, I thought that this activity was a great challenge

32.[2018河南洛阳期中考试]Everyone decided to donate some biscuits and little blanket for the animals.

33.[2018山东实验中学二诊]That surely gave us a great sense of achievements.

it’s always full of life.

34.[2018湖南益阳、湘潭调研]On the one hand, it stands straight and stays green all the years around, so

35.[2018福建福州综合质量检测]Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and

endless homeworks.

36.[2018黑龙江大庆四校联考]By the way, after the contest, I am to drop in at your universities to visit

you.

37.[2017山西重点中学高三期中联考]China created 10.67 million new jobs in the first nine month of 2016.

38.[2017江西六校高三联考]Last year there was a piano competition for teenager in my city and I took

part in it.

39.[2017吉林实验中学高三模拟]When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I

remember well years later.

40.[2016江西九江一中高三模拟]The most important rules of learning English is, \

making mistakes.\

B组提升题

A专项语篇型填空(名词)

Look at this photo. Lucy went on her trip to the 1 (mountain)! She’s really a born 2 (beautiful), isn’t she? Well, I’m just telling the 3 (true). She once told me that she usually put cucumber slices on her face, those little greenish 4 (thing). Haven’t you heard they say on TV that cucumbers soften the skin, wipe out the 5 (rough) and build 6 (strong)? Yeah! They wipe out tight, tired feelings and remove lines and age 7 (sign).

As for me, I have a 8 (prefer)for a walk in the open. For one thing, the fresh air can help me get rid of those negative 9 (feel), thus making me refreshed for the day’s work again.

Actually, staying energetic and keeping beautiful are a 10 (necessary) for us in our career. Being energetic, we can pace ourselves and work more efficiently. Staying young with good looks, we’ll be more confident in our daily work.

B语法填空

[2018洛阳尖子生联考]I have never liked my English name. My parents didn’t know that Cindy was short for Cynthia, or that Cindy Brady was the Cindy of the moment. They 61 (choose) it because it sounds like my Chinese name, Shin-tzer.

My name isn’t full of flowers like most Chinese girls’ names. My grandfather wanted me to have 62 (strong) of character, not mere physical beauty. \It’s just a couple of syllables that sound good together.

I grew up 63 (speak) English and eating with a fork. Yet the customs about names are extremely 64 (tradition), down to our use of an ancient naming poem.

Most Chinese names are 65 of a kind, a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family’s hopes for the child. It was March when my brother and his wife 66 (expect) their second boy. The emails began to fly as we conferred about the baby’s Chinese name. My brother’s wife is Korean, so the name had to sound good 67 Korean, too. One thing was certain — his name would contain the word \ 68 can also mean \ 69 (six) word of a couplet that my family has used to name its 70 (son) for generations.

C短文改错

[2018惠州高三第一次调研]Last Friday, we were having our class while our teacher Miss Li suddenly slipped and fall on the ground. All the students were concern about her. Helped by some students, I carried her on back to the clinic immediately. Her left leg was turned out to be broken and she had to stay in hospital for half a month. The following day, we paid a visit for her with flowers and fruits. See her leg wrapped in bandage, all of us felt sorry for her, hoping she would recover soon. Unexpectedly, only five days late, Miss Li returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. We were deep moved, all rising to applaud her.

答案

专题五 名词

题组1 常见名词后缀

1.introduction 考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知,其后应接名词,又introduction作\引进\讲时,为不可数名词。故填introduction。

2.attraction 考查词性转换。句意:但对于像我这样的游客,熊猫是其最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知,此处应该填动词attract的名词单数形式attraction,意为\吸引人之物\。 3.development 考查词性转换。根据空前的\及空后的\可知,此处应填develop的名词形式development。

4.adjustments 句意:为了与国家的足球改革保持一致,一些学校将不得不作出调整。空处作make的宾语,故用提示词adjust的名词形式adjustment\调整,适应\又根据句意可知此处应用名词复数。

5.motivation 句意:她写作的动力是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的愿望。根据句意可知,这里用motivation,表示\动力,动机\。

6.patience 句意:无论什么时候我犯了错,老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience\耐心\耐心地\为固定搭配,符合句意。

题组2 名词的数

7.effects 考查名词的单复数。此处表示\产生了一些意想不到的副作用\。根据空前的\及空后的\as overweight and heart disease\可知,此处指不止一种副作用,故用复数形式effects。 8.invitations 考查名词的单复数。invitation是可数名词,前面有several修饰,要用复数形式,故填invitations。 9.studies 考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词为show,主语应为复数。故填studies。 10.word→words。考查名词的单复数。根据下文可知,教练一直在重复那些话,故用word的复数形式words。 11.year→years 考查名词的单复数。从13岁至19岁不止有一年,此处为复数概念,故用years。 12.airs→air air为不可数名词,因此把airs改为air。

A组基础题 A单句填空

13.association 提示词为动词,设空处位于冠词之后,故应填其名词形式,构成短语make the association\联系起来\。

14.excitement 设空处前有and,与happiness是并列关系,故此处应用提示词的名词形式与happiness保持一致,应在excite后加-ment。

15.principles 它已经不新鲜了,这个基本原理早在19世纪早期就为人们所了解了。根据空前的the basic后缺主语判断应为名词,再结合空后的have可知,此处应用复数形式,principle的复数形式是直接加-s。 16.pockets 我从我的两个口袋里摸钥匙,都没有。根据句中的both my可知,这里表示两个口袋,用名词的复数形式。

17.ability/abilities 此处表示音乐家的能力,应用提示词able的名词形式ability,而ability单复数形式均可表示才能,故填ability/abilities。

18.years 空前有数词\故应用years。

19.difference make a difference为固定搭配,表示\有影响,起作用\。动词differ需要变为其名词形式。 20.choice make the wrong choice意为\作出了错误的选择\。choose的名词形式是choice,并不是通过加前缀、后缀得来的,而是属于特殊的词形变化。

21.softness 并列连词and后面是名词power,前面也应该用名词。soft的名词是加后缀-ness,在此为不可数名词。

22.warmth \一个充满微笑、爱和温暖的世界\根据空前的smiles和love可知此处要用名词。warm的名词是加后缀-th,在此为不可数名词。

23.donations 语境表示这个冬季活动是为帮助叙利亚的儿童过冬而开展的募捐,本空用提示词的名词形式donation作宾语,再由上文的collect可知,此处应填donations(募捐物),collect donations是习惯用法,表示\募捐\。

24.competitors 根据语境的a lot of和professional可知本空用提示词的名词形式competitor表示\参赛者\动词rule决定要用复数形式。

25.attractions 本空填提示词的名词形式attraction作表语,而语境表示甚至那些旅馆都是吸引人的地方,因此用复数形式。

26.difficulty/difficulties 语境表示有些父母似乎要千方百计地给孩子增加困难,本空用提示词的名词形式,此处不可数名词和名词复数均可表示困难。

27.confidence 由形容词性物主代词my可知,此处应用名词形式,即confidence。

B单句改错

28.friend→friends 句意:第二个问题是交朋友。make friends交朋友,为固定搭配,故把friend改为friends。 29.activity→activities 根据句中的many kinds of可知,应用可数名词activity的复数形式。 30.healthy→health 吸烟有害健康,因前面有名词所有格修饰,故应用名词形式health。 31.exercises→exercise exercise用作\锻炼\时为不可数名词,故没有复数形式。 32.blanket→blankets 此处表示一些\小毯子\故用复数。

33.achievements→achievement achievement在此处为不可数名词,a sense of achievement意为\成就感\。

34.years→year 考查固定搭配。all the year round意为\全年\。

35.homeworks→homework homework为不可数名词。 36.universities→university \你的大学\是一所,用单数。

37.month→months 语境说\前九个月\因此这里用复数名词months。

38.teenager→teenagers teenager 是可数名词,此处是说城市里的青少年,应该用复数形式,故把teenager改为teenagers。

39.children→child 因为上文有不定冠词a,所以这里用单数,指\一个小孩子\。故把children改为child。 40.rules→rule 主句谓语用了单数,故语境叙述的是一条建议,因此主语部分用\单数名词\。

B组提升题

A专项语篇型填空(名词)

本文讲述说话人如何保持心态年轻和保养自己,并说明这样做的好处。

1.mountains 根据语境可知此处表示\去山里旅行\常用mountain的复数来表示。

2.beauty 本空提示词在句中作表语,并且有冠词修饰,表示\一个天生的美人\故用提示词的名词形式beauty。

3.truth 这里用提示词的名词形式truth表示\事实,真相\符合语境。tell the truth表示\讲实话\。

4.things 与前面的修饰语those呼应,little意为\小\而不是\少\这里用提示名词的复数形式things表示复数含义。

5.roughness 本空在句中作宾语,用提示词的名词形式roughness表示\粗糙\。 6.strength 这里用提示词的名词形式strength表示\强度,力量\。

7.signs 从语境的含义看,这里表示\消除那些皱纹和年迈的迹象\作\迹象\为可数名词,signs符合语境。 8.preference 这里用提示词的名词形式preference表示\偏爱,爱好\。至于我,我偏爱在户外散步。 9.feelings 本空用提示词的名词形式feeling表示\感觉\决定用复数形式,feelings\情感\。

10.necessity 考查名词。设空处谓语冠词a之后,再结合句意可知,此处应填necessary的名词单数形式necessity。

B语法填空

本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己名字的由来及成长经历,介绍了中国人起名的特点及寓意。 61.chose 考查时态。父母为作者起名字发生在过去,所以此处用一般过去时。

62.strength 考查名词。作者的祖父想让作者意志力坚强。have在此处为实义动词,意为\有\后跟名词作宾语。

63.speaking 考查非谓语动词。作者是讲英语和用叉子吃饭长大的。此处的主语I与动词speak之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填speaking。另外,后面的并列成分\也为提示。

64.traditional 考查形容词。然而关于名字的风俗是非常传统的。此处应用形容词作表语。

65.ones 考查代词。根据下文中的\the family’s hopes for the child\,此处为泛指,且与下文中的\相呼应,所以此处用代词one的复数形式,指代names。 66.were expecting 考查时态。那是在三月份的时候,作者的哥哥和他的妻子一直期待着他们第二个儿子的出生。此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情,应用过去时态,且表示过去某一阶段持续的动作,故用过去进行时。 67.in 考查介词。表示用某种语言用介词in。

68.which 考查定语从句。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词\‘shi’, or ‘world’\

69.sixth 考查序数词。此处表示第六个字。故应用序数词,表示\第六个\。

70.sons 考查名词复数。此处指给祖祖辈辈的子孙起名。根据语境可知,此处应用复数。

C短文改错

我们的李老师摔伤了,几天后坐着轮椅给我们上课,大家都非常感动。

1.while→when 考查固定句型。be doing sth. when...表示\正在做某事,这时(突然)……\。故将while改为when。

2.fall→fell 考查动词的时态。根据上文中的\可知,该处陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。

3.concern→concerned 考查固定用法。be concerned about sb.意为\担心某人\。故将concern改为concerned。

4.on后加my或者the 考查固定搭配。on one’s/the back意为\在某人的背上\。 5.删除leg后的was 考查动词语态。此处turn out为系动词,意为\结果是,证明是\无被动语态,故删除was。 6.for→to 考查介词。pay a visit to是固定搭配,意为\拜访,参观,访问\。故将for改为to。

7.See→Seeing 考查非谓语动词。看到她的腿上裹着绷带,我们都为她感到难过,希望她快点康复。分析该句结构可知,主语和动词see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,该处作状语,设空和felt几乎同时发生,故用现在分词的一般式。

8.bandage→bandages 考查名词复数。bandage为可数名词,其前没有限定词修饰,故应将bandage改为bandages。

9.late→later 考查副词。未曾料到的是,五天后李老师坐着轮椅回到班级给我们上课了。later作副词,意为\后来,以后\故将late改为later。 【知识储备】 late、later和lately的用法区别:late 是形容词,也可作副词,表示\迟,晚\是副词,表示 \最近,近来\是副词,表示\后来,以后\也可作形容词,仅用于名词前,表示\较晚时候的,以后的\。 10.deep→deeply 考查副词。该词修饰后面的形容词moved,故用表抽象意义的副词形式deeply,表示\非常,很深地\。deep作副词讲时表具体的\深\。

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