代词语法讲解

代词语法讲解

（一）代词概述

代词用来代替名词，在句中充当主语、宾语和表语，有时还可以充当定语。代词在考试命题中主要是代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和it的用法等。 （二）基本知识梳理

1. 人称代词：主格作主语，宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语。 He often helps me.

Who is at the door? It's me. The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.

出现并列主语或宾语时，其排列顺序为：单数时是第二、第三、第一人称（简称231）即you，he and I或you，her and me；复数时是第一、第二、第三人称（简称123）即we，you and they或us，you and them。

2. 物主代词：形容词性物主代词作定语，后加名词；而名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词。如： This is my book. = This book is mine. 名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。如： Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too. May I use your pen? I've lost mine. She is a classmate of his. The bike is hers.

3. 反身代词：用作宾语和起强调作用。 1）作宾语

Help yourself to some cakes. I can look at myself in the mirror.

They should think more of the public health than themselves. 2）作强调

We do homework by ourselves.

I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle. 4. 指示代词

1）this，that，these，those What's this(that)? It's a book.

What are these(those)? They are books. this和these比较靠近，that和those稍远一点。 2）it的用法

（1）指物：It's a robot.

（2）指自然现象： It's raining now, but it will be fine soon. （3）指时间：What time is it? It's 8 o'clock. （4）指距离：It's twenty minutes' walk.

（5）作形式主语：It's important for us to fight pollution. It took me half an hour to finish the work. It's kind of you to say so.

（6）作形式宾语： We think it necessary to relax from time to time. 5. 不定代词 1）some，any

some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。如： There are some pens on the desk. There aren't any pens on the desk. Are there any pens on the desk? Some are Chinese. Others are English.

在表示请求、建议、反问等句子中，用some而不是用any。如： Would you like some drink? any也可以表示任何一个。如：

Do you know any of her friends?

If you have any questions, you can ask me.

2）复合不定代词：something， anything，nothing，everything，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，someone，anyone，no one，everyone，somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere这些不定代词都作单数，表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。 （1）作主语：

Someone is waiting for you. No one is in the classroom. （2）作宾语：

Have you got anything to say?

Did you see anything else in the classroom?

（3）不定代词被形容词修饰时，定语放在它们的后面。如： I’ve got something interesting to tell you. There's nothing new in the newspaper.

3）a few，few，a little，little前两者修饰可数名词，后两者修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，意思是几乎没有；a few，a little表示肯定，意思是还有几个、有一点。如： There is still a little time left, you needn't hurry. I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.

4）both（两者都，复数），all（三者以上都，复数），neither（两者都不，单数），none（三者以上都不，单复数），either（两这种人一个，单数），both...and， neither...nor， either...or

（1）作主语：

Both of the twins are doctors. All of them are honest. Neither of them is a doctor. None of them is/are honest. （2）词组：

Both Li Ping and I are students. Neither Li Ping nor I am a student. （3）作形容词： on both sides of the river on either side of the river 注意下面句子转化： Both of them are teachers.

改成否定句是： Neither of them is a teacher. All of us are students.

改成否定句是： None of us is a student. 或： None of us are students.

5）one ...the other(s)表示一个……其余的……，是有范围的；some...others 表示一些……另一些……，是无范围的；another 表示很多中的另一个，再……个。如： He has two brothers. One is an engineer, the other is a writer. Some like football. Others like basketball.

Some books on the shelf are in Chinese, the others in English.

She will be in hospital for another two weeks.（她将在医院再住两星期。） 代词语法经典例题

1.John sits among ______.

A you, me and Mary B Mary, you and I C you, Mary and me D you, Mary and I 2.__________ performed the play very well.

A The both children B They both C Both two boys D Both they 3.Don’t worry. There is __________with you. A anything wrong B something wrong C nothing wrong D wrong something

4.Miss Brown will teach __________ English next term. A us B we C our D ours

5.Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for _________, with __________ best wishes.

A you...our B us...your C you...your D us...our

6.There are many high rises on __________ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view！

A either B neither C both D all

7.The boy received _______ education that he__________ hardly write his own name. A such little…could B so little…could C so few…couldn't D such few…couldn't 8. What’s in your ________ hand. A the other B other C another D one

9.The small village is too far away. __________ people have been there. A A few B A little C Few D Little

10.We found ________ important to relax ourselves. A that B its C it D this

答案及解析

1【解析】答案是C。人称代词并列使用时，如人称代词是复数，其排列顺序与汉语顺序一样。如果人称代词是单数，则排列顺序为第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。即you and he；you and I；he and I.此句中由于among是介词，所以代词用宾语形式，故选C。 2【解析】答案是B。both是一个多词性的单词，它可以是形容词、副词也可以是代词。There are trees on both sides of the river.此句中它是形容词；He is both a singer and an actor.此句中它是副词；Both of us want to go shopping.此句中它是代词。both作为代词使

用，前面不能加the，也不能放在所指代词前面。因此，A和D不对，选项C中有both又有two，意思重复，也不对。因此选B。

3【解析】答案是C。当形容词修饰something，angthing，nothing等复合不定代词时，其位置须放在不定代词之后。故D被排除，而陈述句中不可用anything，又可以排除A。根据前句Don’t worry意思，可以推断nothing wrong with you，故选C。

4【解析】答案是A。teach sb sth是一个常用语，sb作teach的间接宾语，故选A。 5【解析】答案是A。根据句意所要表达的向George祝愿圣诞快乐，并带着我们的祝福送你一张卡。介词for后接宾语，best wishes前用形容词物主代词our，所以选A。 6【解析】答案是A。因为either是单数，可以排除C，D。A答案中on either side of…表达路的任何一边都有高楼，景观是多么的壮丽，意思完全正确。而B答案则表达路的两边完全没有高楼，很明显意思不对。

7【解析】答案是B。education是不可数名词，只能用little 修饰。故排除C，D。so后面修饰形容词，such后面修饰名词。但是如果名词前有little，few，many，much修饰并表示数量多少时用so，故本题选B。

8【解析】答案是B。此句表达：你的另一只手里面有什么？手一共有两只，一只…，另一只…的表达是one…the other…，但在your后面不要the。因此选B。

9【解析】答案是C。people是可数名词，而little/a little 修饰不可数名词。故排除B，D。根据题意小山村太远，因此很少人去过那儿，A few意思有几个，few意思几乎没人，所以根据答案选C。

10【解析】答案是C。此句it是形式宾语，真正宾语是动词不定式to relax ourselves。

用，前面不能加the，也不能放在所指代词前面。因此，A和D不对，选项C中有both又有two，意思重复，也不对。因此选B。

3【解析】答案是C。当形容词修饰something，angthing，nothing等复合不定代词时，其位置须放在不定代词之后。故D被排除，而陈述句中不可用anything，又可以排除A。根据前句Don’t worry意思，可以推断nothing wrong with you，故选C。

4【解析】答案是A。teach sb sth是一个常用语，sb作teach的间接宾语，故选A。 5【解析】答案是A。根据句意所要表达的向George祝愿圣诞快乐，并带着我们的祝福送你一张卡。介词for后接宾语，best wishes前用形容词物主代词our，所以选A。 6【解析】答案是A。因为either是单数，可以排除C，D。A答案中on either side of…表达路的任何一边都有高楼，景观是多么的壮丽，意思完全正确。而B答案则表达路的两边完全没有高楼，很明显意思不对。

7【解析】答案是B。education是不可数名词，只能用little 修饰。故排除C，D。so后面修饰形容词，such后面修饰名词。但是如果名词前有little，few，many，much修饰并表示数量多少时用so，故本题选B。

8【解析】答案是B。此句表达：你的另一只手里面有什么？手一共有两只，一只…，另一只…的表达是one…the other…，但在your后面不要the。因此选B。

9【解析】答案是C。people是可数名词，而little/a little 修饰不可数名词。故排除B，D。根据题意小山村太远，因此很少人去过那儿，A few意思有几个，few意思几乎没人，所以根据答案选C。

10【解析】答案是C。此句it是形式宾语，真正宾语是动词不定式to relax ourselves。

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