2018软考网络工程师《华为基础实验》-实验一VRP 基础操作与 Telnet 配置

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2018软考网络工程师《华为基础实验》-实验一VRP 基础操作与Telnet 配置

前言

1. 软考网络工程师在2018 年2 月1 日出版教程《网络工程师教程第5 版》,其中网络设备从原来的思科改为华为。

2. 根据教程第10 章组网技术的内容,并根据以往历年的真题考试分析,编写这本实验指导书。

实验一VRP 基础操作与Telnet 配置

知识点:

n VRP (通用路由平台)是华为公司数据通信产品的通用网络操作系统平台,拥有一致的网络界面、用户界面和管理界面。

n 在VRP 操作系统中,用户通过命令行对设备下发各种命令来实现对设备的配置及日常维护操作。

n 用户登录到路由器后出现命令行提示符后,即进入命令行接口CLI (Command Line Interface) 。

n 配置界面分为用户视图、系统视图和各对象的配置视图

n 华为设备也支持多种配置方式,包括Web 界面管理等。

网络拓扑图:

操作步骤:

1.使用用户视图检查基本参数

用户视图下只能使用参观和监控级命令,如使用display

version 命令显示系统软件版

本及硬件等信息

display version

Huawei Versatile Routing Platform Software

VRP (R) software, Version 5.130 (AR2200 V200R003C00) Copyright (C) 2011-2012 HUAWEI TECH CO., LTD

Huawei AR2220 Router uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 0 minute BKP 0 version information:

1. PCB

Version

: AR01BAK2A VER.NC

2. If Supporting PoE : No

3. Board

Type

: AR2220

4. MPU Slot Quantity : 1

5. LPU Slot Quantity : 6

MPU 0(Master) : uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 0 minute

MPU version information :

1. PCB

Version

: AR01SRU2A VER.A

2. MAB

Version

: 0

3. Board

Type

: AR2220

4. BootROM

Version

: 0

2.视图间的切换

在用户视图下使用system-view 命令可以切换到系统视图。在系统视图下可以配置接口、

协议等,使用quit 命令又可以切换回用户视图。

[Huawei] //Ctrl+Z system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]quit

system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]return

3.使用interface 命令进入接口视图

在接口视图下可以使用ip address 命令配置接口IP 地址、子网掩码

system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.0.254 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]return

4.命令行帮助

如果用户忘记命令的参数或关键字,可使用命令行在线帮助。命令行在线帮助分为完全

帮助和部分帮助。

1. 完全帮助:

a) 任意命令视图下,输入"? "获取该命令视图下所有的命令及其简单描述。

b) 如在系统视图下,输入"? "获取该命令视图下所有的命令及其简单描述。也可以输入一个命令,后接以空格分隔的"? "列出全部关键字或参数及其简单描述。如在系统视图下,列

出interface 命令参数及其简单描述。

2. 部分帮助:

a) 输入一字符串,其后紧接"? "列出以该字符串开头的所有关键字。如在系统视图下列出

以"rou" 字符串开头的所有命令及其简单描述。

3. 快捷键使用

a) 命令行接口提供了基本的命令编辑功能,支持多行编辑,每条命令的最大长度为256 个字符。各功能键详细描述如下:

b) 退格键表示删除光标位置的前一个字符:

c) 左光标键<←>或表示光标向左移动一个字符位置;

d) 右光标键<→>或表示光标向右移动一个字符位置;

e) 删除键表示删除光标位置字符;

f) 上下光标键<↑>、<↓>表示显示历史命令;

g) 当用户输入不完整的关键字后按下键,系统自动执行部分帮助,将命令补全。比如输入" dis " 后,按键可以将命令补全为" display " ;

system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]? System view commands:

aaaaaa command group

aaa-authen-bypass

Set remote authentication bypass

aaa-author-bypass

Set remote authorization bypass

aaa-author-cmd-bypass

Set remote command authorization bypass

access-user

User access

acl

Specify ACL configuration information

alarmAlarm

anti-attack

Specify anti-attack configurations

……

[Huawei]interface ?

Bridge-if

Bridge-if interface

Cellular

Cellular interface

Dialer

Dialer interface

Eth-Trunk

Ethernet-Trunk interface

GigabitEthernetGigabitEthernet interface

Ima-group ATM-IMA interface

LoopBackLoopBack interface

MFR MFR interface

Mp-group Mp-group interface

[Huawei]rou?

route Routing Module

route-policy Route-policy

route-policy-change Specify route policy change parameter

router Configure router information

5.使用快捷键

[Huawei]dis // tab

[Huawei]display

6.修改路由器名字

[Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]

7.查看路由器基本信息

使用display current-configuration 命令查看路由器当前配置

display current-configuration [V200R003C00]

sysname R1

snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000 snmp-agent clocktimezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00 portal local-server load portalpage.zip

drop illegal-mac alarm

setcpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75

…………

使用display interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 命令查看路由器GE 0/0/0 接口的状态信息

display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP

Last line protocol up time : 2015-11-03 20:44:55 UTC-08:00

Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500

Internet Address is 192.168.0.254/24

IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is

00e0-fc09-1a37

Last physical up time : 2015-11-03 20:34:28 UTC-08:00

Last physical down time : 2015-11-03 20:34:20 UTC-08:00

Current system time: 2015-11-03 21:04:11-08:00

……………

display ip interface brief *down: administratively down ^down: standby

(l): loopback (s): spoofing

The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2

The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2

The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2

The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.0.254/24 up up

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down

GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down

NULL0 unassigned up up(s)

display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 7 Routes : 7

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

192.168.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.0.254 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

192.168.0.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

192.168.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

8.测试网络连通性

eNSP 提供了主机测试,可以配置主机的IP 参数,模拟主机测试网络通信

ping 192.168.0.1

PING 192.168.0.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=128 time=10 ms

Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=128 time=1 ms

Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=128 time=10 ms

Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=128 time=1 ms

Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=128 time=1 ms

--- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/10 ms

9.保存配置

save

The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y

It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......

Configuration file had been saved successfully

Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

思考和扩展

1、如果配置完成后不保存,会发生什么?

每次配置完成后,如果不保存配置,配置会丢失,路由器重启后,会恢复到原先配置前

的状态,甚至是出厂设置状态,所以每次配置完成后,保存配置应是一个习惯。

2、如何暂时关闭一个接口?接口关闭时,状态显示是什么?

关闭接口的命令是shutdown,如果接口关闭了,要重新开启,需要在接口下使用undo

shutdown 命令,如果接口关闭了,状态显示如下:

display ip interface brief *down: administratively down ^down: standby

(l): loopback (s): spoofing

The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 1

The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3

The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 1

The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned *down down

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down

GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down

NULL0 unassigned up up(s)

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