2013年职称英语 - 理工类 - A级（第一套）

理工类A级全真模拟试题(一)

第一部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The 1960’s saw a change in the form and content of movies, treating subjects that for so many years were considered taboo.

A unpleasant B prohibited C unethical D worthless

2 Even a novel in which there is no narrator tacitly creates a picture of an author behind the scenes.

A theoretically B purposely C instinctively D implicitly 3 The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.

A tradition B rule C observance D maneuver 4 Tanning by the sun takes place because sunlight stimulates the skin to produce the pigment melanin.

A burning B roasting C browning D scorching 5 Tempestuous times preceded the declaration of war.

A terrible B turbulent C trying D temperate 6 All of the tenants in the building complained about the lack of hot water. A old people B landlords C superintendents D occupants

7 Glaciers terminate where the rate of ice loss is equivalent to the forward advance of the glacier.

A stop B turn C crack D rotate

8 Communication satellites generally use solar cells as their source of electric power, although

some test satellites have used thermoelectric generators. A superior B authorized C former D experimental 9 Some children display an unquenchable curiosity about every new thing they encounter.

A insatiable B inherent C indiscriminate D incredible

10 The compact dictionaries published in recent years are not as unwieldy as some of the older editions.

A complete B tiresome C reliable D cumbersome 11 Would you bring me some up-to-date catalogues?

A current B well-documented C lavish D hostile 12 William Faulkner’s stories reflect his Mississippi upbringing.

A education B cousins C visits D accent 13 According to the American Red Cross, blood and plasma donors are urgently needed after natural disasters or other catastrophes.

A typically B conceivably C tentatively D desperately 14 Age is one of the variables which seems to determine the attitude of an older person toward conformity.

A sections B factors C results D stimuli

1

15 After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict.

A sentence B decision C cross-examination D foreman

第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

The Enormous Egg

Dr. Ziemer arrived while we were still staring at the thing in the nest. He jumped out his car and came running out to in the backyard. He was wearing a red coat over his pajamas, and he looked pretty excited.

He ran up to the nest and looked in. His eyes opened up wide and he knelt down on the ground and stared and stared. After long while he said softly, “That’s it. By George, that’s just what it is.” Then he stared for another long time and finally he shook his head and said, “It can’t be true, but there it is.”

He got up off his knees and looked around at us. His eyes were just sparking, he was so excited. He put his hand on my shoulder, and I could feel he was quivering. “An amazing thing’s happened,” he said, in a kind of whisper. “I don’t know how to account for it. It must be some sort of freak biological mix-up that might happen once a thousand years.”

“But what is it?” I asked.

Dr. Ziemer turned and pointed a trembling finger at the nest. “Believe it or not, you people have hatched out a dinosaur.(恐龙)”

We just looked at him.

“Sounds incredible, I know,” he said, “and I can’t explain it, but there it is. I’ve seen too many Triceratops (三角恐龙)skulls to be mistaken about this one.”

“But—but how could it be a dinosaur?” Pop asked.

“Goodness gracious!” Mom spluttered. “And right here in our backyard. It doesn’t seem hardly right. And on a Sunday, too.”

Cynthia was pretty interested by now, and kept pecking into the nest and making faces, the way she did when Pop brought a bowl of frogs’ legs into the kitchen one time. I guess girls just naturally don’t like crawly things too much. To tell the truth, I don’t either sometimes but this thing that had just hatched out looked kind of cute to me. Maybe that was because I had taken care of the egg so long. I felt as if the little dinosaur was almost one of the family.

We stood around for a long while looking at the strange new thing on the nest, trying to let the idea soak in that we had a dinosaur. After Dr. Ziemer calmed down a little, he and Pop tightened up the chicken wire to make sure the little animal wasn’t going to crawl out. Dr.Ziemer watched if perhaps she ought not to be taken out before she went out of her mind. Pop figured that it might be a good idea and he picked her up and cut her outside the pen. She acted a little dazed at first, but pretty soon she followed the other hens and began pen. She acted a little dazed at first, but pretty soon she followed the other hens and began scratching for worms like the rest of them.

16 Dr. Ziemer found a bird in the nest. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned  17 The story took place in the back garden.

2

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned  18 When they find out what kind of animal they have, they are shocked.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned  19 The person who is telling the story seems to like the little animal.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned  20 The Enormous Egg is a serious story.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned  21 The story teller is afraid to look at the little animal.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned  22 Dr. Ziemer had went to hospital before he arrived.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Blasts from the Past

1 Volcanoes were destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.

2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large number of animals, but all the mass extinction cover the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.

3 Wignall calculated the “killing efficiency” for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 

4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. 

5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. “The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all,” Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 265 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 

6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere. 

7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall’s

3

idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. 

8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.

23 Paragraph 2 _________ A Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions  B Association of Mass Extinctions with Volcanic 24 Paragraph 3 _________ C Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions  D A Mass Extinction  25 Paragraph 4 _________ E Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction  F Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions 26 Paragraph 5 _________

27 Older eruptions were more devastating________________.

28 The Permian extinction is used to illustrate________________.

29 The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs ________________.  30 Courtillor rejects ________________. A than more recent ones  B the killing efficiency for older eruptions  C has remained controversial  D Wignall’s calculations as acceptable  E has been known to us all  F his ideas 第四部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.

Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.

Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university’s Centre for Ecology and attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.

Conservation, said: “Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They’re also very territorial and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators.

4

All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area. ”

“In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web,” Sanders said.

The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.

Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said: “What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering. ”

Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms. 

31 Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?

A B C D A C D A B C D

Because they build their own nests. Because they collect food.

Because their activity affects the environment. Because they are predators.

prey on small as well as large animals. collect nutritious food from the soil collect food as decomposers.

prey on species much higher up the food chain. can manage to thrive in huge numbers.

defend their resources and territory against other predators. attack those invading animals for survival. produce such a big impact on the environment.

32 As predators, ants B

33 Dir Sanders’ study centered on how ants

34 What does paragraph 6 tell us?

A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small. B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small. C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.

5

D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area. A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem? D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?

35 What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?

第二篇 Career With a Uniform

Want to be the next Xu Sanduo? The TV drama Soldiers’Sortie (Shibing Tuji) might have caused millions of young people to dream idly of putting on an army uniform and going off to boot camp.

In fact, a large number of students graduating might consider doing just that. Last month, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) announced that there will be 120,000 job openings this year for college grads. So, one out of every 50 grads has a chance if he or she would like to march down to the local recruiting office. Anyone enlisting will get preferential treatment in tuition compensation and in job opportunities.

This decision comes against a backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy. This year’s recruitment quota outnumbers last year’s 39,000 by about three-fold.

“It’s important to pull in fresh, talented people who can deal with the new equipment and a high-tech military to modernize the nation’s defense,” said Bai Zixing, a senior officer in the PLA General Staff Department.

The age limit for college recruits has been raised to 24, and there’s one more important policy change: Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can quit if they change their minds after finding another job before November, the deadline for enlistment. This gives grads an extra choice in starting a career.

The following is a list of preferential things that college grads qualify for if they join the army:

A one-time recruitment payment of up to 24,000 yuan, to cover four years of college tuition and loans (this has to be returned if the person is forced to leave the army before completing the service contract).

Priority in promotions and in getting admitted to military academies.

Anyone with a bachelor’s degree or above and a good performance record can be promoted to the rank of officer directly, if they meet certain other criteria. An ordinary soldier may need a couple of years longer to get there.

Anyone with a junior college5 degree can go on for a bachelor’s degree without having to take the entrance exams.

Anyone wanting to take the grad school entrance exam after completing their service can add 10 points to the exam results.

Anyone getting a merit citation second class can enter grad school without taking the exam after completion of the service obligation.

There are no restrictions on things like going abroad after the service period, unless one deals with confidential work in the army.

36 According to the passage, all of the following reasons make many college grads choose to

join the army EXCEPT:_________.

6

A The Story of Xu Sanduo causes young people to dream to put on a uniform  B The grads are facing a grim employment situation C The pay from the PLA is relatively higher than the grads can earn in other jobs

D The PLA offers a series of preferential treatments for college grads who join the army 37 It can be inferred that about students graduating consider join the army_________.

A 120,000 B 6,000,000 C 39,000 D 2,000,000 38 Besides the backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy, which of

the_________.

following causes the PLA to raise this year’s recruitment quota? A The TV drama Soldiers’ Sortie is high in the ratings.

B The PLA wants to attract high-quality personnel to meet the need of hi-tech sector in the

nation’s defense. 

C The PLA is increasing the size of the army.

D Some students who have already volunteered to sign up may change their minds. 39 Why does the author think that the grads are given an extra chance in starting a career?

A The one-time recruitment payment offered by the PLA may ease the grads’ economic burden.

B The grads who join the army have more chances to further their study after completing their service.

C Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can give up before the deadline for

enlistment if they can find another job that is more suitable. 

D No restrictions are made on things like going abroad after the service period. 40 The word confidential in the last paragraph could best be replaced by _________.

A concise B professional C creative D secret 

第三篇 Sleep

For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable TV and the Internet, Earth’s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply put, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans don’t need less sleep as they age.)

But in average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What’s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that’s not nearly enough.

Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,” Jones says.

Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto (座右铭) is’ Sleep defensively ’,”says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says

7

people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines—like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day—are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elaner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle changes—avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath—yield better sleep. 41 What is TRUE of human sleep?

A Most people need less sleep when they grow older.

B Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.

C On average, people in the U.S today sleep less per night than they used to. 

D For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough. 42 For our bodies to function properly, we should _________.

A sleep for at least eight hours per night B believe that we need less sleep as we age C adjust our activities to the new inventions

D be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks 

43 According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by _________.

A other diseases

B pre-bedtime exercises C improper sleep

D chronic fatigue syndrome 

44 Which of the following measures can help you sleep better?

A Staying up late. B Taking a hot bath. C Having late meals.

D Traveling between time zones.  45 “Sleep defensively” means that _________.

A people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed  B people should exercise immediately before going to bed every night  C people should sacrifice other things to get enough sleep if necessary 

D people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every day 

第五部分：补全短文 (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上

Financial Risks

Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.

_46__They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. 47__Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. _48_The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.

8

Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses._ _49_ Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in particular market. Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects._ 50_ International Business Machine Corporation, for example ,reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981.Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.

A Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses.

B One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. C Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. 

D The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. 

E Floating exchange rates of the world’s major currencies have forced all marketers to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning. 

F Many international marketers go bankrupt each year because of exchange-rate fluctuation.

第六部分：完型填空 (第51～65题，每题1分，共15分) 

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven't been very 51 at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient 52 to gather 53_. That's a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it's also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take 54 all the space on the roof, leaving 55 room for thermal applications.

In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a 56 kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University, Canada.

Most solar panels are made 57 crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don't create as 58 electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

9

\ 59 when you expose them to light-pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,\ is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.

However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new 61 of PVT. You don't have to cool 62 thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely. 63 the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy 64 , they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they 65 the solar cell's electrical efficiency by over 10 percent. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

A hard A path A water A on A few

B good B way

B wind B of B much B in

C bad D easy C road C soil C little C on

D street D heat D in D more D interesting D of D few D what D brand D upon

C up

A easy A with A much

A works A which A size A up A overcame A transformer A boosted

B indifferent C different B more B when

C little C who C type C in

B counts C rises D drops B shape B down B adaptor B defined

B promoted C improved D postponed

C transmitter D collector C wasted

D lower

10

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/mj93.html