2012自考英语二Unit1全

Unit 1 The Power of Language

学习方法指南 五个方面把握文章

1）词 2）句 3）篇 4）义 5）背诵或复述重点段落（当天重复，第二天再重复，七天后再重复） 课后习题

1）结合课文里出现的要点，完成题目

2）标记不熟练的题目，当天重复一遍，第二天再重复一遍，考前再重复一遍

Unit 1 The Power of Language

A FAMOUS QUOTE

Language is the dress of thought. --Samuel Johnson

语言是思维的外衣。 --塞缪尔·约翰逊 Text A Critical Reading Pre-reading questions

1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?

2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?

Vocabulary 词汇

四点要求 1.音 2.义 3.衍生变化 4.用法/搭配 New Words

critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）；批判的 non-fiction n.纪实文学

position n. 观点；态度；立场 statement n.说明；说法；表态 question v. 表示疑问；怀疑 evaluate vt. 估计；评价，评估

context n. （事情发生的）背景，环境，来龙去脉 value n. 是非标准；价值观 represent v. 描述；表现 assertion n. 明确肯定；断言 sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 statistic n. 统计数字；统计资料 integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体 authority n. 专家；学术权威；泰斗 compare v. 比较；对比

subject n. 主题；题目；题材

consistent adj. 相符的；符合的 （consistency） inconsistency n. 不一致 assumption n. 假定；假设 case n. 具体情况；事例 directly adv. 直接地；径直地

identify v. 找到；发现

valid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的 credible adj. 可信的；可靠的

landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑；地标 relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 current adj. 现时发生的；当前的 appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向

considerably adv. 非常；很；相当多地

Democrat n.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者 Republican n.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者 reflect v. 显示；表明；表达

informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的 Phrases and Expressions

apply to 使用；适用于 put forth 提出；产生

take sth into account 考虑；顾及

accept/take sth at face value 相信表面；信以为真 with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地 重点词汇

critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）

eg: Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value. 要学会对一切事物一丝不苟, 而不要注重表面现象.

其他用法： 危机中的；危急时刻的；决定性的；关键的

eg: We are at a critical time in our history.我们正处于历史的紧要关头。 衍生：criticize, criticise vt.

① ~ sb/sth （for sth） 批评某人[某事物]；挑剔；非难 eg: Stop criticizing （my work）! 别再挑剔（我那作品）了! ② 评论（艺术﹑文学等作品）

eg: teaching students how to criticize poetry 向学生讲授评论诗歌的方法 criticism n. 批评

evaluate vt. 估计; 评价，评估

eg: I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他的能力。 衍生: Val=value, worth 价值

valuable（有价值的）, invaluable（无法估价的）, devaluate（贬值）, evaluate（估价）, undervalue（低估）

consistent adj. 相符的；符合的 用法: be ~ with sth

eg：What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不相符。 衍生：consistency 一致 inconsistency 不一致

identify vt. 找到；发现; 识别身份

eg：She identified the man as her attacker. 她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。 衍生：identification n.身份证明

eg： Can I see your identification, please? 请给我看看你的身分证件行吗? identity n 身份

eg：There is no clue to the identity of the thief.没有确定窃贼身份的线索。 identity card （also ID card） 身份证（通常有相片，供本人携带或佩带） credible adj. 可信的；可靠的

eg: a credible witness/statement/report 可信的证人/陈词/报道 衍生：-able/ible “可?的，能?的” believable可信的，acceptable 可接受的，desirable值得要的，accessible可接近，flexible 灵活的

credibility n. 可信性；可靠性 -ability/ibility “可?性”:

eg: adaptability 适应能力, dependability 可靠性 apply vi.

①~ （to sb/sth） be relevant （to sb/sth）; have an effect （与某人/某物）有关；有效；适用

eg: These rules don't always apply. 这些规则并非总能行得通。 ②make a formal request 申请；请求 apply for sth

eg: apply for a post/passport/visa 申请职位/护照/签证 apply to sb

eg: I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them. 我申请了四所大学，并都被他们录取了。

课文学习 议论文

把握观点：中心观点、段落观点

把握结构：文章结构、段落结构、衔接手段

topic sentence （主题句） ＝topic （主题） ＋ controlling idea（观点） 篇章核心，段落灵魂: Beijing is a modern city. Beijing is an ancient city.

结构: 总——分——总 总——分

段落构成: 1.主题句（Topic Sentence）：点出段落的主题（谈论什么）。 2.扩展句（Developing Sentence）：说明和支持主题。 3.结尾句（Concluding Sentence）：得出结论。 文章: 观点——论证——结论

Text A Critical Reading

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

批判性地阅读

批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。

Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face value(完全地, 以面值/表象). Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if (=whether) the author has integrated the work of authorities.

质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。

Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.

与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。

Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid. 分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。

Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。

Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is

written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with \（有保留地）.

甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。

By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。

Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

1）Consider the context of what is written. 2）Question assertions made by the author.

3）Compare what is written with other written book on the subject. 4）Analyze assumptions made by the author. 5）Evaluate the sources the author uses. 6）Identify any possible author bias.

语法学习

1.把握结构，理解内涵 2.结合例句，结合文章 关系副词引导的定语从句

①先行名词+where/ in（on/at） which

eg: College is a place where/in which we learn how to learn. 大学是学会如何学习的地方。 Forest is a place where people can get close to nature. 森林是可以接近自然的地方。 ②先行名词+when/in（on/at） which

eg: I'll never forget the day when we first met in the park. 我将永远不会忘记我们在公园第一次相遇的那一天。 ③先行名词+why/for which

eg: Do you know the reason why he didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning？ 你知道他为什么没有参加昨天早上会议的原因吗？

Exercises I Checking your comprehension

1. Reading non-fiction writing critically involves ___. A. supporting the author's opinion B. developing your own opinions C. understanding what is written D. reading without any imagination 【正确答案】B

【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第一段Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying 可知，非文学类作品的批评性阅读是要提出自己的观点和摆明自己的态度，选项B,

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