大工12春《大学英语4》辅导资料四

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大学英语4辅导资料四

主 题：对Unit 3语法点——虚拟语气的讲解（4） 学习时间：2012年4月23日－4月29日

内 容：

6. 虚拟语气省略条件从句或主句

表示虚拟语气的条件句的主句或从句有时可以省略，而省略部分的含义仍有所体现。

1）省略条件从句，如： It would be very nice.

You could have done it yourself.

(省略If you had wanted to. 上下文可以看出You didn’t want to.) (Fact: You didn’t do the work yourself because you didn’t want to.)

I wouldn’t smoke.

(省略If I were you.) (表面上说我，实际上说你。这是一种委婉的表达法。 （Fact: You smoke very often. I advise you not to smoke any more.）

2）省略主句：在强调条件从句时，常省略主句，这种句子常表示一种“已不能实现”的愿望，主要用于If only 引导的感叹句中。如：

If only I had taken his advice! 要是我听了他的建议就好了！ If only I were a bird. 我如果是一只鸟就好了！

虚拟语气的其他句型和用法

1. 用在“wish+宾语从句”中，表示很难实现或不能实现的愿望，可以翻译为“但愿…”, “悔不该…”等。

表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；

表示将来的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“would (could)+动词原形”；

对过去的事情表示愿望，从句的谓语动词用 “had+过去分词”或“could + have + 过去分词”。

wish 后面的宾语从句必须用虚拟语气，不管这个愿望是否能实现。如： I wish I were Jane. 我要是Jane 就好了。

He really wishes that he were living in the Middle Ages. 他真希望自己生活在中世纪。

I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round. 但愿北京整年是秋天。

We wish you would spend the winter vacation with us. 要是你能同我们一起过寒假就好了。

I wish I had not bought this car. 我要是没有买这辆车就好了。

注意：wish 与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾

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语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。请比较：

We hope we will succeed. (We don’t know if we will succeed.) We wish we would succeed. (We know we can hardly succeed.)

2. 用在as if/as though 或even if/even though引导的从句中：

如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去，则谓语动词用had＋过去分词形式； 如果指现在的状况，则用过去式(be用were)； 指将来则用would(should, could)+动词原形。

这里只看从句动作发生的时间，与主句的时态没有关系。如： She looks as if/though she were ill. 看她的样子，好像生病了。 He walks as if he were a king. 他走起路来就好像他是国王。 He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。

He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse. 即使天塌下来，他也不会辞职。

3. 在It is (high) time (that)…句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式(be的过去式用were), 或用should+动词原形(should 不能省略)来表示。这句话的意思是“（现在）该…”。如：

It is time we left/should leave.

It is high time that you got married. It is time that I bought a car.

4. 在I would rather (that)…句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were)。这句话的意思是“我宁可…”，表示说话人的意愿。如： I’d rather I were in the rain now. I’d rather you did not tell him.

5. 用在suppose开头的祈使句中，从句的谓语动词变化与as if后面的动词变化规律相同，用过去式、过去完成式、或过去将来式。意思是“假如…”，但suppose 是动词，不是连词。如：

Suppose the boss walked in. What should I do?

Suppose Saddam had not been captured. What would the U.S. do?

Suppose Chen Shui-bian should declare Taiwan independent. What would China do?

6. 用在for fear that或lest引导的从句中，表示“怕…”“万一…”等意思。从句的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should 可以省略。如： She closed the windows for fear that she (should) catch cold.

The officer forbade the use of artillery lest the city’s industry be damaged. Lest the wall should collapse, they evacuated from the building.

7. 在表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词，如arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用

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should + 动词原形，should 可以省略，而引导宾语从句的that 不能省略。例如： We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that they (should) go with us.

The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

翻译小练习：

1. The general manager insisted that the project be carried out as planned. 2. The governor requested that he be given another chance.

3. The United States demanded that Iran should unconditionally give up its nuclear weapon program.

4. Doctors suggest that people should not stay up late even on holidays.

答案：

1. 总经理坚持该项目必须按计划执行。 2. 省长请求再给他一次机会。

3. 美国要求伊朗必须无条件放弃其核武器计划。 4. 医生建议，即使在节假日人们也不应该熬夜。

8. 使用上述表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词派生的名词，或在这些动词用作名词时，名词之后的从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should 可以省略。从句的引导词that 不能省略。如：

He made a request that he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off. = He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off.

Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized. = We suggest that education not be industrialized.

The president’s decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time. = The president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time.

9. 上述动词在It is suggested that ..., It is required that ..., It’s requested that ..., It’s ordered that ..., It’s arranged that ...句型中，that 之后的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should+动词原形, should 可以省略，但引导词that 不能省略。如： It was suggested that he attend the conference. It was requested that the trial be openly reported.

10. 在It’s important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that ...句型中，that引导的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should ＋ 动词原形，should可以省略。这个句型表示说话人的意见、要求等。如： It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter. It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.

It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting.

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另外，在一些习惯用语中也有虚拟语气的形式。但最好把这些习惯用语作为一种句型来记住。如： May you be happy! May you succeed!

Long live the People’s Republic of China! Everybody leave the room! You had better not resign. I would rather not tell you.

统考例题讲解（重点掌握）

1. At the back of the house, there is a path ________ the river. A. leads to B. led to C. leading to D. has led to

解析：被修饰语path与修饰语是主谓关系，因而用现在分词作定语。所以选择C。

2. The need ________ foreign languages is becoming greater and greater. A. to learn B. learning C. to be learned D. being learned

解析：need用作名词，不定式to learn foreign languages用作need的定语。所以选择A。

3. The story is long. But it is worth __________.

A. listen B. listening to C. listen to it D. to listen

解析：be worth需接动词-ing形式，意为“值得做某事”。所以选择B。

4. It’s no use ________ here worrying about it. Let’s go to the teacher to give a clear explanation.

A. sitting B. sit C. to sit D. sat

解析：It’s no use需接动词-ing形式，意为“做某事无用”。所以选择A。

5. It’s very clever _________ him to say so. A. for B. to C. with D. of

解析：形容词用来说明人物性格、特征，表示“某人怎么样”时，要用it is + 形容词+ of sb. to do sth.。所以选择D。

统考练习题（重点练习）

1. The problem is not _______ so easy as you think. It’s far from being settled. A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. scarcely

2. — It’s time to tidy your room, Harry!

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— See the tidy room, Mum! _________ is where it should be. A. Something B. Anything C. Everything D. Nothing

3. — What will you buy for your boyfriend’s birthday? — I want to buy a _________ wallet for him.

A. black leather small B. small black leather C. small leather black D. black small leather

4. The young actor who had been thought highly of _______ to be a great disappointment.

A. turned up B. turned out C. turned down D. turned in

5. He is fond of playing _____ piano while his brother is interested in listening to _____ music.

A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the

答案：1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C

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