安徽会考信息技术复习要点（必看）

promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. To deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improvethe party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat第一章

信息及其基本特征

1、 信息概念代表性人物：（P3）香农、维纳、钟义信 信息的传播过程（P4）

信息的发出方 用何载体 以何途径 信息接收方 接收效果及作用 2、 信息的基本特征（P6）：

传递性（信息的传递性打破了时间和空间的限制）

共享性（如实物交流，一方所得，另一方必有所失；信息交流，两人交换所掌握的一份信息，每人便拥有了两份信息）

依附性和可处理性（各种信息必须依附一定的媒体介质才能够表现出来） 价值相对性（信息具有相应的使用价值，使用价值的大小是相对的） 时效性（信息不是一成不变的东西，会随着客观事务的变化而变化） 真伪性（如：空城计）

信息技术主要包括（P8）：计算机技术、通信技术、微电子技术、传感技术

信息技术的主要应用：信息技术在日常生活、办公、教育、科学研究、医疗保健、企业、军事等方面都有应用 信息技术的影响：积极影响和消极影响（信息泛滥、信息污染、信息犯罪、对人们身心健康可能带来不良影响） 信息技术的发展历程： 1）语言的产生和应用 2）文字的发明和使用

3）造纸术和印刷术的发明和应用

4）电话、电报、电视及其他通讯技术的发明和应用 5）电子计算机和现代通信技术的应用

信息技术的发展趋势(P10)：多元化、网络化、智能化、多媒体化、虚拟化 第二章

获取信息的基本过程（P18）

确定信息需求 确定信息来源 采集信息 保存信息

采集信息的方法（P20）：亲自探究事物本身、与他人交流、检索媒体 采集信息的工具（P20）：扫描仪、照相机、摄像机、录音设备、计算机 计算机中常见的信息存储格式（P22）： 文字（.txt .doc .html .pdf） 图形图像（.jpg .gif .bmp） 动画（.gif .swf）

音频（.wav .mp3 .midi）

视频（.avi .mpg/.mpeg .mov .rm .rmvb）

常用下载工具（P29）：网际快车（flashget）、web迅雷、网络蚂蚁、cuteftp、影音传送带等。 网络信息检索的方法（P25 表2-7）：直接访问网页、使用搜索引擎、查询在线数据库 目录类搜索引擎和全文搜索引擎的区别（P26）：

目录类搜索引擎：按目录检索，利用分类目录逐级查找，只能找到相关的网站，而不是这个网站上某个网页的内容。

全文搜索引擎：按关键词检索，搜索引擎会自动找到与关键词匹配的网站和网页。 搜索引擎的使用技巧（P27 表2-10）：

提炼搜索关键词（提炼最具代表性和指示性的关键词） 细化搜索条件（如多输入一两个关键词） 用好逻辑符号（and、or、not）

强制搜索（添加英文双引号来搜索短语词）

可以从哪些方面对信息进行鉴别与评价（P32、33）：

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the callof the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\ofile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \nt\shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not onlyideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ... Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysispromotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat从信息的来源、信息的价值取向、信息的时效性进行判断 第三章

报刊制作的一般过程：（P43 表3-3）

确定主题 收集与选择素材 设计版面 制作作品 评价修改 表格信息的加工和表达过程：（P49 表3-11） 明确任务 建立表格 分析数据 形成报告 表格数值计算：函数（sum、average、max等） 表格地址表示：列（大写字母）行（数字）如：B5

柱形图、条形图、线形图和饼形图的特点和用途：表P54，表3-4（P54） 柱形图、条形图（擅长比较数据间的多少与大小关系） 线形图（也称折线图，按时间轴表现数据的变化趋势） 饼形图（也陈扇形图，适用于描述数据之间的比例分配关系） 制作多媒体作品的基本过程：（P57）

需求分析 规划与设计 素材采集与加工 作品集成 发布与评价

一个典型的多媒体作品可以是文本、图像、图形、动画、声音、视频等任何几种信息的集成。 第四章

计算机主要包括（P74）：输入设备、处理器、存储器（内存、外存）、输出设备

内存速度快，但断电后信息丢失，外存速度慢，可长时间保存。

编制计算机程序解决问题的基本过程（P79） 分析问题 设计算法 编写程序 调试运行 检测结果

计算机程序的基本元素（P78）：常量、变量、函数、运算符、表达式、语句等。

人工智能两个研究领域：模式识别（手写输入、OCR文字识别、语音读字） （P86）

自然语言的理解（在线翻译、与机器人聊天）

信息发布的主要方式及其特点：（P90）

视觉（报纸、杂志、书籍）、听觉（广播）、视听觉（电影、电视、网络） 在网上发布信息的常见方式（P93表4-2）

在因特网上发布自己的网页、论坛公告板（BBS）、电子邮件、新闻组服务、网络调查、用QQ、网络会议、MSN进行信息的发布与交流

信息发布效果受哪些因素影响：（P93、94） 时间和地点对发布效果有影响； 不同媒体的发布速度不同； 信息的保存时间不同。 第五章

常见的信息资源管理方式主要有哪些：主题树方式、数据库方式、文件方式、超媒体方式（P105） 最佳组织方式是数据库方式和超媒体方式相结合，也是网络信息资源组织方式的发展趋势。

数据库是一个长期存储在计算机内的。有组织的、可共享的、统一管理的数据集合，是一个按一定的数据结构来存储和管理数据的计算机软件系统。

数据库是由数据相互关联的多个表组合而成的。

数据库是长期存放在计算机内大量的数据的集合，具有较小的冗余度和较高的数据独立性。 建立数据库的基本过程：（P118+表5-8）

收集相关信息 分析信息特征 确定特征之间关系 定义数据库结构 编辑数据库 使用数据库系统的优势：P114 能够存储大量数据，且占用空间少；

管理操作方便、快捷，数据维护简单、安全； 检索统计准确、迅速、高效；

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the callof the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\ofile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \nt\shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not onlyideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysispromotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat 数据应用共享性能好。 第六章

维护信息系统安全包括哪些方面（P132）：物理安全和逻辑安全

计算机病毒：（P133）是指编制或者在计算机程序中插入的破坏计算机功能或者毁坏数据、影响计算机使用，并能自我复制的一组计算机指令或者程序代码。 计算机病毒的特点及防治：（P134、P136）

表6-4 非授权可执行性、隐蔽性、传染性、破坏性、表现性、可触发性

金山毒霸、诺顿杀毒软件、瑞星杀毒软件、熊猫卫士、江民杀毒软件、趋势科技杀毒软件、安博士杀毒软件、卡巴斯基杀毒软件 360

1、 Internet的发展史：他的前身是1968年的ARPAnet，我国是1994年加入Internet，是全世界第71个国家。 2、 上网的方式：拨号上网、专线上网（拨号上网必须有调制解调器实现数字信号和模拟信号的转换）。 3、 要浏览网页必须有网页浏览器，目前最常用的浏览器主要有微软的IE和网景的Netscape Navigator（航海

家）。每一个网页都有一个地址，称之为URL（Uniform）

4、 网址由协议名、服务器地址、路径及文件名组成。登陆某个网站后，显示的第一个网页称之为“主页”。 5、 搜索信息有两种查询方法：一、是关键字查询（关键字可以不只一个）；二、是分类目录查询。

6、 如果在浏览网页时，发现自己喜欢的网页，可以将它添加到收藏夹，如果你希望你一打开IE就进入你喜欢的

网页你可以把你喜欢的网页设置成默认主页（但默认主页的个数只能是一个）。 7、 不但网页中的文字可以保存，图片、甚至整个网页都可以保存到自己的计算机中。

8、 电子邮件地址由两部分组成，其格式为：用户名@服务器地址 ，中间的 “@”不可缺。邮件服务器有两类：

一类是SMTP服务器：用来发送电子邮件；另一类是：POP服务器：用来接受邮件，如果收件人的计算机没有打开，邮件就暂时保存在这个服务器上，等用户登陆时再来领取。

9、 电子邮件不但可以传输文字还可以传输图片、声音等形式的信息。（一般是放在附件中：“回型针”按钮）。 10、 Outlook Express是一个管理电子邮件的软件，用他可以实现：不登陆网站也能收发电子邮件。 计算机功能模块：

按计算机的工作原理分：输入设备——存储器——输出设备

如果说计算机是五大部件就是把 中央处理器 CPU分为：[运算器、控制器]。 （CPU）

输入设备主要有：键盘、鼠标、扫描仪、数码相机、话筒、手写笔等。 存储设备主要有：内存储器 [只读存储器ROM、随机存储器RAM] 外存储器 [软盘存储器、光盘存储器、硬盘存储器]

1 TB=1024GB 1 GB=1024MB 1MB=1024KB 1KB=1024byte字节 软盘1.44MB CD光盘650MB DVD 4G 硬盘10GB~1TB

注：随机存储器（RAM）中断电以后，信息全部丢失，但外存内容不易丢失。所以我们保

存就是把内存中信息保存到外存上。（内存只不过是计算机临时的操作平台）

输出设备主要有：显示器、打印机、音箱等。 人机交流 图像文字 声音

显示器常见的有CRT（阴极射线管）显示器和LCD（液晶）显示器

显示器的技术指标：屏幕尺寸、点间距、刷新频率（一般结合显示卡使用，使图象更清晰） 打印机的类型：针式打印机、喷墨打印机、激光打印机

中央处理器：主要的生产厂家有Intel和AMD等 国产的CPU ：龙芯2号

CPU是核心、主板是框架

多媒体设备：声卡、视频卡、、网卡等。

调制解调器：实现数字信号和模拟信号的转换。（内置、外置）。 4。计算机的应用：

主要方面：科学计算、数据处理、自动控制、辅助设计和辅助教学[CAD和CAI] 人工智能、虚拟现实、娱乐

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the callof the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\ofile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the lawwhile improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \nt\shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not onlyideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysis

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