2011年高考英语必考40个重点句型大汇总学习的啊

雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：

1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的

2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial

3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost

4.proportion/ percentage 比例

5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与

6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于

考虑到，尽管

6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳 >< deduce /deductive推断

7.fortune/ destiny/ chances

8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit

9.complex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的

10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）

11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金

12.solely/ merely/ only

13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列 of

14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人

15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose

16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right （权利）

17.purchase/ buy

18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的 + s =[n ]

19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]

20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit

22. circumstance 环境（社会 ）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（ 环保 ）背景 background 后台 / settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（ 文章中 ）

23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的>

24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing

26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred

27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)

28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal

29.类似于：look like/ resemble

30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的

31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love

32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend

上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧

33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及

34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测

35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray

36. therapist /expert/ specialist

37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length

38. commonest/ frequent

39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped

40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下

41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify

42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率

43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁

44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace

45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性

46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）

47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback

48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary

易错拼写：environment/ convenient

49．neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的

50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure

51.communicate 沟通，传达，通报

52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠

53.commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务

54．contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for (占据)导致

54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)

55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on

英语作文常用谚语、俗语

1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺

欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实， 22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。

24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。

27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。

28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。

30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。

31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。 32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。

33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。

35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。

36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。 37、Each coin has two sides.

38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。

42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。

43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量

46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）

48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。。

49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。 51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy

a

nd wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪

颖。

52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。 53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set

54、Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。

55、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。） 56、Pride goes before a fall．（骄傲必败。）

Superstar and I

It’s common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianist—Chopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. What’s more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasn’t built

in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.

Superstar and I

Her name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although she’s not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song ’I dreamed a dream’ that she sang touched everyone’s heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.

句型1

would rather that somebody did?“宁愿??;更愿意??”（表示现在或将来的愿望）

would rather that somebody had done?“宁愿??;更愿意??”（表示过去的愿望）

［例句］

I‘d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。

I’d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case， we could spend more time together.

我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。

I‘d rather that I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。 句型2

as if/though+主语+did/had done?好像??（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时）［参考句型4］

［例句］

Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children， so all the students in our class think highly of her.

Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。

句型3

“wish +宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望 表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时; 表示过去的愿望：主语+had done; 表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do ［例句］

How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves！ 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己！

I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn‘t wasted so much time playing！ What a pity you can’t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party！

句型4

It‘s high/about time that somebody did （should do） （should通常不省略） ?早就该??

［例句］

It’s time that you went to school.= It‘s time that you should go to school. It’s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。

I think it‘s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。 句型5

情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法

could have done “本来可以??”（表示过去没有实现的可能）。

might have done “本来可能??;本来应该或可以做某事”（实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。

should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”（而实际未做）

should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气）

needn’t have done “本来不必做”（但是已经做过了）

would rather have done “当时宁愿做了某事”（实际没有做过）;否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。

句型6

as， though， although引导的让步状语从句。

［注意］although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。［参考倒装结构］ 请注意下列句式的变化：

［例句］

1. Although/Though I‘m young， I already know what career I want to follow. →Young as/though I am， I already know what career I want to follow.

我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。

2. Although/Though I respect him very much， I cannot agree with his idea. →Much as/though I respect him， I cannot agree with his idea. 虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。

3. Although/Though he is a child， he knows a lot of Chinese characters. →Child（省略冠词）as/though he is， he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。

4. Although he tried， he couldn’t solve the problem.

→Try as he might， he couldn‘t solve the problem. 尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。

5. Although it is raining， I’m going out for a walk.

→Raining as it is， I‘m going out for a walk. 天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。

6. Strange as it may seem， nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。

7. Much as I would like to help， I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多事要做。

8. Object as you may， I will go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。 句型7

?before?特殊用法（1）“没来得及??就??” ［例句］

The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。

He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。

To my great disappointment， my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.

让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。 句型8

?before?特殊用法（2）“过了多久才??”或“动作进行到什么程度才??” ［例句］

They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village. 他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。

The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.

工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。 He almost knocked me down before he knew it. 他几乎撞到我了才意识到。

We had walked a long way before we found some water. 我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。

Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不觉，五年过去了。 句型9

It was + 时间段+before?。“过了多久才（怎么样）??” It was not long before?。“不久，就??”

It will （not） be +时间段+before?。“要过多久（不久）??才??”（before从句谓语动词要用一般时态）

［例句］

It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。

It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。

It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕业。

It will not be long before they understand each other. 他们大概不久就会互相了解。

句型10

in case of?（+n.） “以防;万一”;

in case that?“以防，万一??”（谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形） ［例句］

In case of fire， what should we do？

Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。

In case （that） John comes/should come， please tell him to wait. Please take your umbrella in case （that it rains/should rain）。带上雨伞，以防下雨。

句型11 It强调句型

强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分

［注意1］

这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词（参考句型15）。

原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is?that/who?。;

原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was?that/who?。;

强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when， where或how， 必须用that。 ［例句1］

I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语） →It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语） →It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语） →It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾语） ［例句2］

He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.

→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed. He didn‘t do his homework until his father came back from work.

→It wasn’t until his father came back from work that he did his homework. ［例句3］

Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him. →It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.

只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。 ［例句4］

I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour. →It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.

（强调句中只能强调由because引导的原因状语从句，because不能换成since， as， for， now that等）

［注意2］强调句的疑问结构

一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分 +who / that ?？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that?？

What is/was it that?？ Who is/was it that?？ When is/was it that?？ Where is/was it that?？ Why is/was it that?？ How is/was it that?？ ［例句1］

I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. →When was it that you saw him in the street？

→Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon？ →Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon？ ［例句2］

I don‘t know when he will come back.

→I don’t know when it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序）

-How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith？ 你是怎么和Smith先生联系上的？

-Trough a friend of mine. 通过一个朋友。 句型12

（1）、祈使句（表条件）+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句（表结果）? “否则?，要不然?”

（2）、祈使句（表条件）+ and +主句（表结果）

［例句］

Hurry up， or you‘ll be late for class.

Please call me up before you come， otherwise/or else/or we might be out. 你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。 Think it over and you will find the answer.

Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。

Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。 句型13

?until?。“直到??时候”;not?until?“直到??才??” ［例句］

You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你妈妈回来。 The meeting was put off until ten o’clock. 会议推迟到十点钟。

The villagers didn‘t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.

→Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒装句）

等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。 He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.

→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.（强调句） Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.

Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed. 句型14

unless?“除非，如果不??”（=if?not） ［例句］

I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。 -Shall Tom go and play football？

-Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。 I won‘t go unless he comes to invite me himself. 除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。

I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited （=unless I am invited）。 除非被邀请，否则我不

去参加的生日晚会。 句型15 when引导的从句

when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是“这 时突然;就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：（1）、主语 + be doing? when?意思是“正在做某事这时??”;（2）、主语 + be about to do?when?;（3）、主语+be on the point of （doing） ?when?意思是“正要去做某事这时??”

［例句］

One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。

I don‘t know when he will arrive. 我不晓得他什么时候到达。

I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。

I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。

I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。

I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我刚要离开，这时下雨了。 I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang， announcing the class was over. 我刚做完作业，下课铃响了。

I thought of the happy days when I was in France. 我想到了在法国时那段快乐日子。

I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会来临。

［比较］

I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 我正在街上走，这时我看见一家裁缝店。

I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor‘s shop. 我在街上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。

句型16

while引导的从句

while除了有“当/在??时候”的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点： （1）while = although “尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句;（2）while的意思是“然而;可是”，常用来表达对比关系。

［例句］

While I admit that the problem is difficult， I don’t think that they can‘t be solved.

尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。

While I admit his good points， I can see his shortcomings. 虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。

While I was angry with her， I didn’t lose my temper.

虽然我很生气，但我当时没有对她发脾气。

While I understand your viewpoint， I don‘t agree with you. 虽然我了解你的见解， 我还是不能同意（你）。

I earn only 120 dollars a week， while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只赚120美元，她却赚180美元。

句型17

where?（地点从句）

［注意］where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用in which， on which， at which， to which， from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。

［例句］

You should put the book where it was. 把书放回原处。

Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure. 不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。

Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

Where men are greedy， there is never peace. 人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。 Go where you should， keep on studying. 无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。 That is the building where my father works. 那是我父亲工作的大楼。 Yesterday I went to the department store， where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百货公司，就在那儿遇见了我的老师。

That’s where a change is needed. 那就是需要变更的地方。

We could see the runners very well from where we stood. 从我们所站的地方能很清楚地看到赛跑的选手。

You should let your children play where you can see them. 你应该让小孩在你的视线所及的地方玩耍。

Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.（本句where引导定语从句）

有些地方太冷不能种水稻，但可以种马铃薯。 ［请比较下面的句子结构的不同］

Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.（本句where引导地点状语从句）

句型18 what引导的从句

what在英语中非常活跃，它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。

［例句］

What is the population of the world？ 世界的人口有多少？ What did you pay for this picture？ 这幅画你付了多少钱？

What is most important in life isn‘t money. 人生最重要的并非是金钱。 Will you show me what you bought？ 可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗？ Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已经不是10年前的她了。 句型19

as引导的非限制性定语从句

在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子 前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to?; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。

［注意1］as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。

［注意2］as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。

［注意3］as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same?as?; such?as?; so/as ?as?等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。

［例句］

This is also part of your work， as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。

The man was a teacher， as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。

Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。 It’s the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。

He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。 Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.

那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。 句型20

which引导的非限制性定语从句（也引导限制性定语从句）

which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作主语、宾语（动词或介词 的）、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用which，只指物。

［例句］

Yellowstone National Park， which is in Wyoming， is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。

The clock， which my grandfather bought， is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。

The picture， for which he paid an enormous amount of money， was a forgery. 那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。

She changed her mind again， which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。

I lived three years in Paris， during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期间我学了法语。

The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴，

这是我们没有预料到的。 句型21

（1）、疑问词+ever whatever， whoever， whichever， whenever，

wherever， however用来引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter和what， who， which， when， where， how连用。

［例句］

Whatever （=No matter what） may happen， we shall not lose hope. 无论发生什么事，我们都不能失去希望。

Whatever reasons you （may） have， you should carry out a promise. 无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。

Whoever （=No matter who） comes， he will be warmly welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到热烈欢迎。

Whenever （=No matter when） it happened， it was certainly not yesterday. 此事无论发生在何时，但绝不是昨天。

Whenever you （may） call， you will find her sitting by the window. 无论什么时候你去找她，你都会看到她坐在窗边。

Wherever （=No matter where） he went， he made friends with people. Whichever （=No matter which） of them you many choose， the quality will be the same.

他们当中不论你选哪一个，品质都一样。

However （=No matter how） hard I have tried， I can‘t find the answer. （2）、whatever， whoever， whichever， whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。

［例句］

Take whichever you want. 你要哪个就拿哪个。

We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。 I’ll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就给你看什么。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做这件事都要得到报酬。 Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在这种大雨中行走都会患感冒。

You may invite whomever（口语中常用whoever代替）you like to the party. 你可以邀请你喜欢的人来参加晚会。

Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。 倒装结构 句型22

全倒装句型（一）

here， there， out， in， up， down， now， then， away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装

［例句］

There goes the bell！ = The bell is ringing. 铃响了！ Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。

Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。 Away went the thief when he saw the police.

Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。 ［注意］

（1）在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go， come， rush， live， stand， lie等。

（2）主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了。 句型23

全倒装句型（二）

表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装;谓语动词多为be， lie， stand， sit， come， walk， run， stop etc. 不及物动词。

［例句］

On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。

In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。 Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。 Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。 句型24

全倒装句型（三）

（表语）adj. / v-ing / v-ed +（地点状语）+ be（或其他动词形式）?

So adj./adv?that?如此??以至于??（so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装！） （这种结构是半倒装句。）

［例句］

Present at the meeting were the manager， all the designers and the writer. 出席会议的有经理，设计师和词作者。

Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。

Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。

Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers， listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。

Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses. 农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。

Typical for China is the crosstalk show， where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。

So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语非常清晰，别人都能听懂他的话。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行非常快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。

句型25 半倒装句（一）

否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little， seldom， hardly， rarely， scarcely， never， not at all， by no means（决不）， at no time（在任何时候都不），nowhere， in no case （无论如何都不）;not in the least （=not at all） ， on no condition（决不） 等。

［例句］

Never shall I forget you.

At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那个人根本没有注意到发生的情况。

Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我那时几乎没有明白他给我说的话。

It‘s beyond description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet， beautiful place.

那真是用语言难以形容。世界上没有其他地方会有这么安静、美丽的地方了。 Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考试中没有犯一个错误。 By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 这些艺术品根本不能令人满意。 On no condition should you visit that place. 你决不能去那个地方。 句型26 半倒装句（二）

not only?， but also?（前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装） ［例句］

Not only was everything he had taken away from him， but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不仅他拥有的一切被那走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。

They suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他们建议我们不仅要参加晚会，还要进行表演。

Not only should we students study hard， we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我们学生不仅要学习好，还应该知道在课余时间怎样享受生活。

句型27 半倒装句（三） neither， nor放在句首

［例句］

If you don’t go to see the movie， neither will I. 如果你不去看电影，我也不去。

--Why didn‘t you buy the jacket？

--Neither was the price satisfactory， nor did the color agree with me. 价格不能令人满意，颜色也不太适合我。

I don’t like him， nor do I care about him. 我不喜欢他，也不关心他。 句型28 半倒装句（四）

“only + 状语”放在句首，句子半倒装 ［例句］

Only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到战争结束他才回去工作。 Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18岁才能参军。

Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. 只有这样，我们对生活中的机遇和挑战才会有充分的准备。

Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth. 只有改变生活方式，我们才能拯救地球。

［注意］这种结构的倒装只在only引导状语的时候使用，only引导主语的时候不用倒装。

Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用这种方法才能做出题目。 Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有这种方法才能帮你做出题目。

句型29 半倒装句（五）

so + be动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “??也??”（表示肯定意思） neither/nor +动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “??也??”（表示否定意思） ［例句］

She is interested in the story， so am I. He enjoys playing the guitar， so do I. I saw the film last night， so did he.

In the past 20 years， our society has changed a lot， so have our eating habits. 近20年来。我们的社会发生了很大的变化，我们的饮食习惯也变了。

Tom didn‘t attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom没来参加昨晚的会议，Mary也没来。

I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom.

［比较1］ “so + 主语 + 助动词” 表示肯定已有的观点或事实 ［例句］

-We have all worked hard these days. -So we have.（的确如此）

I promised to help him， and so I did.（我确实帮助他了） ［比较2］ “主语 + 助动词 + so” 表示按照别人的要求去做 ［例句］

The wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so.

句型30

so it is with somebody = it’s the same with somebody前者怎么 样，后者也怎么样

［注意］前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时，用此句型。

［例句］

John likes English but he doesn‘t like maths， so it is with me （so it is the same with me）。

Tom is a student and he studies hard， so it is with me.

-He was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像个男子汉，敢于对自己的所作所为负责。

-So he was， and so it was with you. 他的确如此，你当时也一样。 虚拟语气 句型31

（从句）If + were/did（动词的过去式），（主句）主语 + would/might/should/could + do（表示对现在情况的假设）

［例句］

If I were you， I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不会如此自负。 I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one， it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.

If I were in your position， I would think better of it. 如果我处在你的位置，我会好好考虑它。

句型32

（从句）If + had done， （主句）主语+ would/might/should/could +have done（表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设）

［例句］

What a pity it is that you didn‘t attend the concert yesterday！ If you had attended the concert， you would have seen the famous singer.

真遗憾昨天你没有去听音乐会。如果你去了，就能见到那位著名歌手。 Anyone in his position would have done the same.

=If anyone had been in his position， he would have done the same. 任何处在他位置的人都会这样做的。

句型33

（从句）If + were/did（动词过去式）/were to do/should do，（主句）主语+ would/might/should/could + do（表示对将来的假设）

［例句］

If he should refuse （= If he were to refuse=If he refused）， it didn’t matter at all. 万一他拒绝了，那也没关系。

If you shouldn‘t pass the college entrance examination， what would you do？ 万一高考不中，你该怎么办？ 句型34

虚拟语气条件句的倒装

在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were， had， should，可以省去if， 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。

［例句］

Should he act like that again， he would be fined. 如果他还这样做，就要受罚。 Had the doctor come in time last night （=If the doctor had come in time last time）， the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是医生及时到达，小孩就会得救。

Were I to go to the moon one day， I would see it with my own eyes.

Had I enough money （= If I had enough money）， I would buy a larger house. 句型35

if only引起的感叹句，相当于 “How I wish + 宾语从句”，意思是“但愿??;要是??就好了”

［例句］

If only he could come！ 他要是能来就好了！

If only we students didn’t have so much homework！要是没有这么多的作业该多好！

If only I hadn‘t been so careless in the exam！ 我当时没有那么粗心就好了！ 句型36

if it were not for? （= were it not for?）

if it hadn’t been for? （= had it not been for?）“要不是因为有??;如果不是??”

［注意］这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用weren‘t it for?） ［例句］

If it hadn’t been for （= Had it not been for） the determined captain， all the passengers on board wouldn‘t have been saved. 要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不会得救。

If it were not for your rich parents， you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有钱，你的生活不会如此安逸。

If it were not for the expense， I would go abroad now. 如果不是因为经费问题，我现在就出国了。

句型37

“but for + 名词”和“but that +从句”，意思是“倘若不是;要不是”，接虚拟语气

［例句］

But for air and water， nothing could live. （= If there were no air or water， nothing could live.）

如果没有空气和水，什么东西都难以生存。

But for the storm， we should have arrived earlier.

= If it hadn‘t been for the storm， we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。

But for you， we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的话，我们无法实施那项计划。

She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。

句型38

在动词insist（1坚持做某事），order， command（2命令）， advise， suggest， propose（3建议做某事），demand， require， request， ask（4要求）等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+ （should） + 动词原形。另外像decide， desire， intend， recommend等也要接（should）+动词原形结构。

［例句］

Mother insists that Tom （should） go to bed at nine o‘clock.（宾语从句） We suggested that the meeting （should） be held at once.

It was required that the crops （should） be harvested at once.（主语从句） The suggestion that he （should） be invited was rejected.（同位语从句） That is their demand that their wages （should） be increased.（表语从句） ［注意1］

advice， suggestion， order， demand， proposal， request， desire， command， decision， requirement等名词引导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 （should） + 动词原形。

［注意2］

It’s suggested/ advised/

demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用（should） + 动词原形。

［注意3］suggest意思是“表明，暗示;说明”时;insist意思是“坚持观点，坚持看法”时，句子不能用虚拟语气。

［例句］

He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持说自己是无辜的。

He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他坚持说没有做错事情。

Are you suggesting that I‘m not suited for the job？ 你是在暗示说我不适合做那项工作？

The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 脸上的表情说明老师对结果感到满意。

句型39

It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+（should）+动词原形

［例句］

It’s necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先参加考试。 With the society developing very fast， it‘s quite necessary/important that we （should） have a good knowledge of English and computer. 随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要精通英语和电脑。

句型40

It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise （that） ? should do?should表示“竟然”

［例句］

It‘s a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遗憾她错过了机会。

It’s really surprising that a prophecy（预言）should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人惊讶的是，预言和事实竟然如此巧合。

It‘s strange that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。

有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.

口语是需要技巧的。光靠大胆自信还不够。关键是系统的方法。我是英语专业毕业的，英语八级，现在当翻译，在大学时去英语角，上课发言等都不管用，一度非常苦恼。后来发现口语练习需要系统的方法。建议你按照我的方法做。 买个口语软件，口语宝或者右脑王都不错。 1语音阶段，照软件的内容练，一天俩小时，最多一个月，语音可以过关。无论你的基础怎么样。切记一定要仔细认真模仿纠正模仿在模仿。 2篇章阶段，根据软件上的资料，句子，语音，语调，断句，停顿，高低，节奏，长短等等，越细越好，模仿，对比，模仿，纠正，再模仿。不求量只求质。同样一个月，明显可以提高。3电影阶段，看英语电影。每句话听五遍以上，看看能听懂几个单词。在看汉语五遍，看看能听懂几个词组，再看英语五遍以上。然后倒过来从英语字幕到汉语字幕到无字幕，五遍以上。冰河世纪这部影片够你看两个月，五分钟的影片可以看两小时以上。4与人交流。现在开始舍弃软件，自信大胆的与中国人，别管对错，把自己想说的说出来。与老外更好。记住耐心模仿，细心比较，持之以恒，反反复复，1,2个月以后你的口语一定很棒。

你是外企的白领要经常的说英语哦，这个很正常的哦，如果你要学英语口语的话，那么对如何学习英语口语我有一些经验了。我建议你可以跟我一样报个电话英语培训啊。现在的电话英语还很很好了，电话英语，只通过声音传递内容上课，所以要求学生要有更高的注意力，

因此对提高听力有很大的帮助，同时在听他人说话的同时，自己也要开口说话，这种学习方式被认为是锻炼听力和口语的最佳方法，还有，电话英语最大的优势就是将上课内容全程录音可以供课后复习。而且时间安排可以在你的工作空余时间来学习英语口语哦，

如何学习英语口语的必备条件—语言环境。口语是交流、是听和说。学习任何一种语言，首先要听懂，然后才学说话。口语不可以自学。学习英语口语必须进入英文语言环境。每天听的都是英文，也必须讲英文。中国学生为什么不会讲英文？因为中国的英文老师大部分不讲英文，用中文上英文课。学生在英文课上不讲英文，大部分还是讲中文。1 如何学好英语口语--学习英文口语最好是英文母语老师—即外教。英文为母语的老师，从小生活在英文的环境里。知道各种生活场景、生活内容的英文用语，并且他们的发音纯正，只有他们才可以教好口语。就像外国人要学中文，一定要请中国的老师。所有这里我向你推荐恩京电话英语培训学校，真是不错的，外教通过电话一对一教授日常口语，商务口语，雅思口语.面试英语，外贸口语,青少年英语等，每天回到家，晚上可以学10-20分钟，而且时间，外教都可以任选，均有指定教材，外教都是很有经验的老师，报名后每位学员在网站上都有专属学习地盘，每晚上课时外教会就你的问题当时提出纠正，上课后会在学员的学习地盘中留下当晚学习的详细评语和学员的进步情况分析，及第二天晚上上课讨论的建议。最重要的是，网站上有学员每晚学习的录音，学员可下载收听对照自己的学习；费用也特别实惠，我一个普通打工族就可以接受。随时随地和外教说英语，不错！！2 学习英文还必须了解英文为主的西方文化。学习口语必须知道在什么场合，说什么话？怎么样说话是有礼貌的？什么是外国人忌讳的？就如同中文，从小父母就会教我们在什么场合要说你好、对不起。看见老人、叔叔、阿姨应当怎样称呼？在客人面前该问什么问题？不该说什么话？等等。因为我们的言语得体可以给别人留下良好的印象，不至于造成误会。3 学习口语必须大量地听说练习。我们从小中文是怎么学会的？是每天起床后就不断地听不断地说。每天至少12个小时在中文听说语言环境里。其他语言的学习也是同样的道理。不断地听，不断地说，随时纠正。学生只要在与外国人或学生之间讲英文，就是在学习。

我有啊，奉献给你一些啦，快快学习吧：

Do you have some time tomorrow? 明天有空吧? Yes, I do. 有啊。

How about having lunch with me? 一起吃顿中饭怎样？ Good idea. 好主意。

If you're free, how about lunch? 有空的话一起吃顿中饭如何？ When did you have in mind? 你想什么时候呢？ I was thinking about Thursday? 我看星期四怎样？ That will be fine with me. 没问题。

I'm calling to see if you would like to have lunch tomorrow. 我打电话给你，是想知道明天一起吃顿中饭怎样？ I'm sorry, but this week isn't very convenient for me. 对不起，这个星期我都不方便。

Perhaps we van make it later. 那么，也许改天吧。 That would be better. 好啊。

I'm calling to confirm our luncheon appointment. 我打电话来，是想确定一下我们约好吃饭的事。

It's tomorrow at twelve o'clock, right? 是明天12点吧？ Yes, that's right. 是的，没错。

I'll be there. 我会去的。

I'm sorry, but I have to cancel out luncheon appointment. 真抱歉，不过我不得不取消我们午餐的约会。 I'm sorry to hear that. 真遗憾。

I have pressing business to attend to. 我有紧急的事情要处理。

No problem. we'll make it later in the month. 没关系，这个月改天再说吧。 一、多“说”。

自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。

或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。

如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。

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