情态动词和系动词

动 词

动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、和语态变化。

动词分类： 一． 行为动词 分类 功能及用法 及物动词 表示动作或状态，本身含有带宾语 完整的词义。 不及物动词 不带宾语 二． 助动词 例词 read, come, 助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮

助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有 等。

昨天整天下雨。 你也这么认为吗? 我学英语已经许多年了。 三． 系动词。

系动词含有一定意义，它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。

1、按意义系动词有：be, （似乎）， （保持），remain, stay等，如：他似乎很高兴。

２、表示感觉的系动词有 （看起来）, feel, smell, （听起来）, taste等。如：它看起来很丑。It

3、表示转变的系动词有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如： 他们变成了朋友。 四．情态动词

情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。 1. can/could

(1) 表示能力, “能，会”，一般用can, could。

如：他会讲一点英语。

你会游泳吗？

(2) 表示征求意见。could 比can 语气更委婉。

你能把你的笔借给我吗？ (3) be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：

表示做事的能力，两者可通用。但can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。be able to 可用于任何时态。如：

e.g.她小时候能吃四片面包。She eat four pieces of bread when she was young. 他们很快就能画完。

They finish the drawing soon. 2. may

(1)表示请求许可，表示“可能，可以”，否定形式为 或 mustn’t(不许可，不应该)

-May I open the window? – No, you

(2)表示可能，“也许”他也许知道答案。 3. must

(1)表示 ,否定形式为 （不必） e.g. 我必须八点之前到家吗？是的，你必须。不，不必。 ？ Yes, you . No, you

（2）表示义务，“应该”，否定形式为 ，（不应该）， 你不应该那样做。 （3）表示推测，“一定”否定形式为 （ ）

它一定是玛丽的，上面有她的名字。 must和have to都有“必须” ，一般情况下可互换。如：You must / have to finish the work..但他们有如下区别：

must 表示说话人的主观看法；have to 表示客观需要，“不得不”。 4. need

（1）“需要”， 作情态动词时只用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 代替。

你不必为它担心。

（2）need 还可作实义动词

A．need to do sth. 他需要去看医生了。 see a doctor. B. need +doing 主动表被动。这些花需要浇了。The flowers 5. should

你应该立即进教室。You go to class . 6. will/would

(1)表示意愿。我愿为你做任何事。 fou you. (2)表示请求。 比 委婉，客气

情态动词用法口诀：

can’t 表能力， may “许可”， must “责任或义务”， 否定回答needn’t 换， “需要”need ,should “应该”， would “愿”， have to “被迫”表客观。

( ) 1 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must ( ) 2 They ___ do well in the exam.

A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to ( ) 3 -May I take this book out?-No, you___.

A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't

( ) 4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would ( ) 5 — Can you speak Japanese?— No, I____.

A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not ( ) 6 — He___ be in the classroom, I think.

— No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.

A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't ( ) 7.— Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? — Thanks, but you___, I've had enough.

A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't

( ) 8. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.

A. may B. must C. can D. need

( ) 4 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.

A. can B. shall C. must D. has to ( ) 5 ___ I take this one?

A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do ( ) 1 The children___ play football on the road. A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must

( ) 2 You ___ be late for school again next time. A. mustn't B. needn't

C. don't have to D. don't need to

( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once? -No, you___.

A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not 4

( ) 1 His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. don't have to C. haven't to D. doesn't have to

( ) 2 He had to give up the plan, ___ he? A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't ( ) 3 They had to walk here, ___ they? A. mustn't B. did C. didn't D. hadn't 5

( ) 1 He had better stay here, ___ he? A. didn't B. don't C. hadn't D. isn't ( ) 2 You'd better___ late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D. don't be

( ) 3 You'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month.

A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted

( ) 4 You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 6

( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try ( ) 2 — Why don't you ask Mike to go with us? — Thanks, ___.

A. I will B. I won't C. lean D. I may ( ) 3 — ___ I take the newspaper away? — No, you mustn't. You____ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must 7

( ) 1 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must ( ) 2 ___ you like to have another try? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do

( ) 3 — Would you like to go boating with us? — Yes, ___.A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do 8

( ) 1 You___ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. have to ( ) 2 The poor man needs our help, ___ he? A. need B. needn't C. does D. doesn't ( ) 3 — Must we do our homework first? — No, you___. You may have a rest first. A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't

1. 1—5 A D A B B 2. 1—5 C D B C A 3. 1—3 C A A 4. 1—3 D B C 5. 1—4 C B C C 6. 1—3 B A B 7. 1—3 C C C 8. 1—3 A D B

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