13年英国文化-补考复习资料

13年英国文化-补考复习资料

the common wealth of Nations

the group of seven，USA，France,UK,German y,Italy,Canada,Ja

England

1 London ,government ,finance,culture,cen ture

2.1 AD 1st tribal kingdoms

2.2 43AD Roman Empire(E W)

2.3 Angles and Saxon , King Arthur ,round table(S)

2.4 8c ,Scandinavia ,Vikings,King Alfred the Great(ews)

2.5 1066 Williams the Conqueror(e w). The Tower of London

3 Robin Hood outlaw

4 a gap of 11 years ,Oliver Grownwell

5 William of Orange and Mary 2

Scotland

1 Glasgow and Edinburgh.

2 Hadrian's wall

3 Macbeth

4 1609 Queen Elizabeth the first

James the sixth of Scotland\first of Engl and

5 1707 joined the Union

6 1998 the Scotland act

1999 first election of MP

Wales

1 Cadiff

2 the Prince of W ,Edward the first son o

f the Monarch

3 1536 joined the Union

4 language ,the Old British Celtic tongue

5 Plaid Cymur ,MP

Northern Ireland

1 Belfast(biggest capital)

2 Protestant US Roman Catholic

3 191

4 The third Home Rule was overtaken by the First World War

4 1916 The Easter Rising

Dublin's Post Office,Force the British to ratake it by militancy means,leader of t he rebellion were executed.

4.1916 THe Easter Rising 复活节起义

Dublin's Post office ,force the british to retake it by military

means,leader of the rebellion were executed

5.1919 Irish Republican Army

1)the provisional IRA is the radical

faction of the IRA force and arms

6 Sinn Fein

a legal party in Northern Ireland

"The bullet and the Ballot Box"

policy supports the IRA

7. THE Anglo-Irish Agreement 1985

8.The Good Friday 1998.4.10

muti-party negotiations

Northern Ireland remains parts of the UK and it won't change its political status

unless the majority of the people of NI agree goverment by serveral jurisdictions:The Republic of Ireland,Great Britain,its own

elected executive government of 10 ministers 9.Bloody Sunday,1972.1.30

13 Catholics,a peaceful civil rights

march,468 people died.

1）The monarchy

1.1066 the Norman Conquest

2.throne 王位heir 继承人sovereign君主

3.Magna Carta1215

also named the Great Charter baron贵族John the First

2）THe Parliament

1.1236，was first used

2.the House of lords ，represent themself

①the lords spritual，archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of England

②the lords Temporal have inherited

③the seat from their forefathers

3.the House of Commons

①646 members of Parliaments

②the real center of british political life

③represent the interests of the people

④elected in the General Election

4.1689,the Bill of rights

1688,King James 2's daughter Mary and her husband William

authorities权利：King would never ignore Parliament.

3)the Prime Minister and Cabinet

4)Parliamentary democracy议会制共和制constitutional monarchy君主立宪制

5）statute law 成文法

the common laws

conventions 习惯法

parliamentarian 议员

6）The constitution

The foundation of the British state are

laid out in

1.statute law

2.the common laws

3.conventions 7)Parliament function

1.passes laws

2.provide the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation

3.Scrutinise government policy

adnubustration and expenditure花费

4.debate the major issues of the day

8)the role of Monarchy today

symbolise the tradition and unity of the British state

①legally head of the executive行政部门

②an intergral part of the legislatuer立法机关

③head of the judiciary司法机关

④commander inchief of the armed forces

⑤supermen governor of the church of England

l election

1.a government can in power for 5 years

2.the Prime Minster can call an election sooner than 5 years

2)the Conservative Party

the Labour Party

the Liberal democrats

3)The formation of the government

651 members are elected from

651 constituencies

party holds a majority seats

party leader is Prime Minister

4)The election campaigns

advertisement in newspapers

door-to-door campaign

postal delivery of leaflets

party electoral broadcasts on the TV

attack and criticise the opponents' policies/aggressive & critical

5)class systen in British sociaty

1.most of the people claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class

2.some people actually the upper middle-class or lower middle-class

3.not simple divided by economic and culture

4.differ in the kind of newspapers in the way they speak ,in the kind of education

5.distinctive feature:aristocratic titles can be inherited.

与众不同的贵族特征权利/爵位会被继承

1)M argaret Thatcher Reform 1979-1991

1.1979，The Conservative Party,Margaret Thatcher,radical reform

2.bureaucracy was reduced

3.privatisation in the 1980s

4.inflation came under control,business,made profits

5,a rapid increase in unemployment

2)Privatisation in the 1980s

1.a particularly had period in the 1970s,high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound

2. State-owned business (steel,telecom,gas,aerospace )were turn into private companies

3.successful in controlling inflation unemployment rate increased rapidly

1)early writing

1.Beowulf

2.Geoffrey Chaucer,The Canterbury Tales

2)Elizabeth

1.Marlowe,The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus

2.Williams Shakespeare

Romeo and Juliet,Harlet,Othello,King Lear,Macbeth,The Tanming of the Shrew ,A midsummer Night's Dream,Twelfth Night,The Tempest

3)17th c

1.king Jame's Bible

2.Francis Bacon,The New Atlantis

3. John Milton ,Paradise Lost ,Paradise Regained,Samson Agonistes

4.)18th c skepticism

1.Jonathan Surift Culliver's Travels

2.Daniel Defoe,Robinson Crusoe

5)Romantic Period

1. George Gordon Byron

Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,Don Juan

2.John Keats,Ode on a Grecian Urn,Ode to a Nightingale

3.Percy Bysshe Shelley ,Ode to the West Wind,to

a Skylark

4.Jane Austen,Sense and Sensibility,Pride and Prejudice,Emma

5.Brontë sisters

Charlotte Brontë,Jane Eyre

Emily,Wuthering Heights

Ann

6.Charles Dickens, Pickwick Papers,Oliver Twist,David lopperfield,Great Expectations,A Talk of Two Cities

7. Thomas Hardy,Tess of the D'Urbervilles,Jude the Obscure

6)Modernism and Postmodernism

1.Joseph Conrad,The heart of Darkness Virginia Woolf,Mrs Dalloway To the Lighthouse,Orlando,A Room of ones,s own.

7)Romanticism

1. The first third of the 19th c

2.concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason

3.Keats,Byron,Shelley

4.nevels

8)Modernism

1.Mainly Written before WW2

2.a reaction against Realism

3.express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works.

4.disorganized,Hurd to understand

5.portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual,rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action

6.Virginia Wolf

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