大学英语六级试卷和答案-《大学英语（高起本）3》练习题

《大学英语（高起本）3》练习题

第一部分

Part I. Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are some passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

PART ONE Passage 1

Most of the big towns in Eastern Europe have seen a large increase in population over the last 30 years. This has caused extreme housing shortages, and the vast majority of people living in towns rent flats. By western standards, the flats are rather small, with a family of four living in two-or three-room flat with kitchen or bathroom. But compared with Western Europe, the rents are extremely low.

An Eastern European spends on average about 5 percent of his income on rent and about 15 percent on total housing costs, including fuel and furniture. In Western Europe, the average worker spends at least 20 percent of his income on rent and heating cost. On the other hand, the Eastern European spends a higher percentage of his income on food. Whereas basic items such as bread are very cheap, other things like meat and coffee are extremely expensive.

Caring for people is one area where the states of Eastern Europe are far in advance of other parts of the world. Most medical and social services are provided free, and in some countries workers do not even have to make contributions to the health and insurance funds, since these contributions are made by the employer. The factory in Eastern Europe provides many facilities and services which are not supplied in Western Europe. Moreover, Eastern Europe does not suffer from one of the major problems of Western Europe‘s economy—unemployment. All the constitutions of the individual countries state that every citizen has a right and duty to work.

1. The serious housing shortage in big towns of Eastern Europe have been caused mainly by________.

A. small flats B. extremely low rents

B. an increase in population

D. two-or three-room flats with kitchen or bathroom 2. According to the passage, the rents in Western Europe ____.

A. are rather high B. are extremely low

C. are almost the same as those in Eastern Europe D. are comparatively lower.

3. The average worker in Eastern Europe spends _______.

A. a much higher percentage of his income on total housing costs

B. 20 percent of his income on rent and total housing costs. C. a large part of his income on food.

D. only a small part of his income on meat and coffee.

4. The worker in some Eastern European states enjoy better medical and social services because_____.

A. they don‘t have to pay very much for health and insurance funds. B. it is their employers who pay for their health and insurance funds. C. they need to pay only a little for health and insurance funds. D. they are provided with many facilities and services. 5. Which of the following is not true?

A. Eastern Europe is free from unemployment.

B. All the constitutions of Eastern Europe state that all citizens have a right

and a duty to work.

C. Unemployment is one of the major problems in Western Europe.

D. Western Europe does not suffer from one of the serious problems of

Eastern Europe‘s economy. Passage 2

Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people‘s attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations (even temporary ones), people behave more irritably and less cooperatively; in more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems.

However, psychologists distinguish between ―sound‖ and ―noise‖. ―Sound‖ is measured physically in decibels. ―Noise‖ cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of ―intensity‖ depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear aeroplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise (that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically.

Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.

6. According to the selection, people_______.

A. can not work better in a noisy situation

B. will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution. C. can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories. D. may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding.

7. ―Sound‖, as defined by psychologists, ______.

A. can be measured in the same way that ―noise‖ is measured B. may be extremely harmful to health C. is not at all different from ―noise‘. D. can be measured by machines.

8. People waiting at an airport ______.

A. enjoy hearing aeroplanes taking off and landing. B. are usually not troubled by the noise. C. can easily tell sound from noise

D. are often physically affected by the noise.

9. People enjoy listening to music_______.

A. though, in fact, they are receiving a lot of decibels of sound. B. because it does not have any negative effect.

C. because they do not have to tolerate the noise around them. D. even though it is sometimes unpleasant hearing strange sounds.

10. We can conclude from the passage that we need to control noise pollution if

_____.

A. we want to stay both psychologically and physically healthy. B. we don‘t want to be physically deaf. C. we want to cooperate well. D. we don‘t want to be anxious.

Passage 3

Ever since William Harvey defined an animal‘s heart as ―the sovereign of everything within them, the sum of their microcosm,‖ in De Motu Cordis in 1628, the heart has been one of the most widely studied organs of the body ? and fortunately so, given that heart disease is the world‘s leading cause of death.

Each year, around 8 million people die from heart attacks and many millions more suffer from, and eventually succumb to, heart diseases such as congestive heart failure and arrhythmia (心律不齐). Global figures are rising, yet calculations suggest that this number could be slashed by around 50 per cent if smoking were removed from the equation. However, decreases would be offset to some degree as the world‘s population ages, diets become more fat-laden and lifestyles more sedentary (久坐的), as all these factors are harmful to a healthy heart.

Although scientific study of the heart began four centuries ago, the past few decades have seen a paradigm (范例) shift in research. We are now able to monitor the process of contraction and relaxation that underlies the gross function of the heart at close quarters by tracking the movement of calcium (钙) and other ions (离子) within myocytes (肌细胞). And genetic information is used in trial heart gene therapy. As with all diseases, understanding the processes involved at the molecular and genetic level is enabling us to make inroads in preventing and treating heart disease. 11. If there is no one smoking, people suffering from heart diseases can be reduced _________.

A. by about one fourth B. by about one thirds C. by about half D. to none

12. According to the passage, _________ is harmful to our hearts. A. drinking coffee B. long-time sitting C. living a mobile life D. not eating regular meals 13. Scientific study of the heart _________. A. began a few decades ago B. began before Harvey‘s time

C. is different from what it used to be

D. focuses on the ageing problem of the society

14. At the molecular level, researchers study the heart _________.

A. by tracking the movement of calcium and other ions within myocytes B. by monitoring the process of contraction and relaxation of the heart C. by doing trial heart gene therapy

D. by observing the heart beat of the subjects 15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Smoking used to be the only factor contributing to heart diseases. B. Eating too much fat is not good for your heart.

C. Heart is one of the most widely studied organs of the body. D. Heart disease has caused many deaths.

PART TWO Passage 1

Anini holds the singular distinction in India of being the only district capital without an all-weather road providing basic transportation. Now, in what is believed to be the most remote cyber center in all of India, a new state-of-the-art computer center has put Anini on the ―information superhighway.‖

The facility is one of 487 free community information centers that the Government of India has been installing throughout northeastern India. The US$75 million project, which has wide political support, is part of a plan by the Ministry of Information Technology to bridge the digital divide in isolated corners of this vast nation, which is about a third as large as the United States and has slightly more than a billion people, a population second only to China‘s. People in the region hail the computer center as the first step in what they hope will be a permanent road linking them with the outside world.

Until recently, there was no road at all leading in and out of Anini. The six Pentium computers and accessories provided for the new community information center had to be transported on elephant back. About a year ago, the federal government‘s Border Roads Organization opened part of a 228-kilometer (141-mile) road that, when finished, will extend from Anini to the nearest road link, at Roeing. Much as it‘s needed, the new unpaved road is only a start. 1. Which description of Anini is true according to the passage? A. It is the only district capital in India.

B. It boasts the best computer center in the world. C. It has the largest population in India.

D. It has very bad transportation conditions. 2. Anini got its new computer center _________.

A. because of its important geographic situation B. thanks to political support

C. because of its poor conditions D. to facilitate the national election 3. The new computer center _________. A. is warmly welcomed by the locals B. is the only one in northeastern India

C. helps solve the problem of transportation in Anini D. will be finished soon

4. The computers and accessories _________. A. were carried to Anini by elephants B. are second-handed ones

C. were transported to Anini by camel D. are denoted by the U. S. 5. The 141-mile road _________. A. has not been finished

B. makes it convenient to transport the computers and accessories C. will be the first road in Anini

D. is sponsored by the Ministry of Information Technology

Passage 2

It‘s very necessary for Canada to set up effective transportation system because of its enormous size with its sparsely populated distribution. It is also very difficult to make transportation construction on the surface of the country due to its harsh long winter and its mountainous terrain. It‘s really amazing for this country to set up a transcontinental railroad since last century. Until 1990, the route length was more than 86,880 kilometers. Most of the country‘s freight are transported by Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. But nowadays fewer and fewer people travel by train.

Water transportation was very important before railway construction. Although passenger travel by water is less important than before, waterways remain important for cargo transporting. Waterways include lakes, rivers and sea coastlines. One of the most significant water transportation system is St. Lawrence seaway from the Atlantic Ocean to the west of Lake Superior.

Because of the increasing number of automobiles, Canada‘s road transportation develops very quickly. In 1991, road length has been more than 849,400 kilometers. Road system is becoming more and more important. Trucks carry nearly half of the total freight transported in Canada. Early in 1962, Canada had Trans-Canada Highway with the length of more than 7.7 kilometers, extending from St. Johns, New Brunswick to Victoria, British Columbia.

With the development of transportation, airplanes became another necessary vehicles since aeroplanes could be the only access to some areas of the far northern

region. Canadian transportation system develops very quickly with the increasingly advanced science and technology. The aim of the transportation is to use substitute fuels and to produce more efficient transportation facilities. 6. Despite its _________, Canada now boasts a transcontinental railroad.

A. sparsely populated areas B. abundant natural resources C. large acre of desert D. harsh long winter

7. Nowadays, the Canadian railway is mainly used to _________. A. transport freight B. carry passengers C. carry tourists D. transport soldiers

8.Nearly 50% of the total freight transported in Canada is accomplished by _________. A. trains B. cars C. trucks D. ships

9. Airplanes are important in transportation in Canada _________. A. because they can fly very high

B. because they can carry larger freight to the destination within shorter time C. because they are the newest form of transport

D. because they can go to some areas that cannot be reached by other transports 10. The passage is mainly about _________. A. the history of Canadian transportation B. the different forms of transport in Canada C. the condition of transportation in Canada D. the advancement of Canadian transportation

Passage 3

Students graduating from colleges today are not fully prepared to deal with the ―real world‖. It is my belief that college students need to be taught more skills and information to enable them to meet the challenges that face everyone in daily life. The areas in which students need training are playing the credit game, planning their personal financial strategy, and consumer awareness.

Learning how to obtain and use credit is probably the most valuable knowledge a young person can have. Credit is a dangerous tool that can be of tremendous help if it is handed with caution. Having credit can enable people to obtain material necessities before they have the money to purchase them outright. But unfortunately, many, many young people get carried away with their handy plastic credit cards and awake one day to find they are in serious financial debt. Learning how to use credit properly can be a very difficult and painful lesson indeed.

Of equal importance is learning how to plan a personal budget. People have to know how to control money; otherwise, it can control them. Students should leave college knowing how to allocate their money for living expenses, insurance, savings, and so forth in order to avoid the ―Oh, no! I‘m flat broke and I don‘t get paid again for two weeks!‖ anxiety syndrome.

Along with learning about credit and personal financial planning, graduating

college students should be trained as consumers. The consumer market today is flooded with a variety of products and services of varying quality and prices. A young person entering the ―real world‖ is suddenly faced with difficult decisions about which product to buy or whose services to engage. He is usually unaware of such things as return policies, guarantees, or repair procedures. Information of this sort is vital knowledge to everyday living.

For a newly graduated college student, the ―real world‖ can be a scary place to be when he or she is faced with such issues as handling credit, planning a budget, or knowing what to look for when making a purchase and whom to purchase it from. Entering this ―real world‖ could be made less painful if person were educated in dealing with these areas of daily life. What better place to accomplish this than in college?

11. According to the writer, graduating students____________.

A. will find it hard to get a job with only knowledge gained from college

B. have insufficient skills and knowledge and do not deserve a college diploma C. will not be able to earn enough money to support themselves.

D. do not have the necessary knowledge and skills to deal with the realities of life. 12. The writer points out that many young people_____. A. fall into debt due to ill-advised use of credit cards

B. have to depend on credit to purchase some material necessities

C. do not know the power of credit and easily run into serious financial debt D. start buying too much on credit before they get a paid job

13. Students suffer from an anxiety syndrome because____________. A. they do not have their parents‘ financial support B. they are worried that they don‘t get paid on time

C. they run out of money and can‘t cover their living expenses D. they can‘t afford to buy insurance for themselves

14. To ―train students as consumers‖ means to enable them to______. A. handle their credit with caution

B. plan their spending carefully so that they don‘t go broke

C. make wise purchasing decisions and be informed about consumer services

D. cope with serious financial problems

15. By asking ―What better place to accomplish this than in college?‖ the writer means that _______.

A. the best place to train students to deal with personal financial issues is in

college

B. students should be trained to enter the real world after they graduate from

college

C. students can best be trained in business and economics in college

D. students should be taught to cope with the difficult problems they will be

facing after graduation

PART THREE Passage 1

There are many ways of putting out a fire.

You may have seen people put out burning cigarettes by stepping on them. Stepping on a burning cigarette shuts off the air and puts out the fire.

Many fires are put out with water. Water cools the material that is burning. It helps smother a fire, too. Some of the water is changed into steam when it strikes the hot fire. The stem shuts off air from the fire and helps put it out.

Some fires cannot be put out with water. They have to be smothered with sand or with chemicals of some kind, such as those used in some fire extinguishers. Suppose a tank full of gasoline is on fire. Gasoline is lighter than water. If you poured water into the tank of gasoline, the water would sink to the bottom of the tank. The gasoline would float on top of the water and would probably keep on burning. If you keep on putting water on the fire, the gasoline would flow over the edge of the tank. Then the fire would spread.

1. What are the major ways of putting out fires as mentioned in the passage? A. With water and with sand and chemicals.

B. With water and with sand and steam. C. With water and with steam

D. With water and materials and chemicals.

2. Water can put out a fire because _______________. A. water is cold and cool.

B. water is the only way to put out a fire.

C. water cools the material on fire and the steam shuts off air. D. water can be changed into steam.

3. Gasoline fires cannot be put out with ________________.

A. sand B water C. chemicals D. extinguishers 4. If you put water into the tank of gasoline, ______. A. gasoline would sink to the bottom of the tank. B. gasoline would be mixed with water C. water would float on the top of gasoline. D. water would not be mixed with gasoline.

5. The best title of the passage would be______________.

A. Water, Sand and Chemicals B. How to Put Out a Fire with Water

C. How to Put Out a Fire. D. Don‘t Use Water to Put Gasoline Fires.

Passage 2

It is not necessary to write in order to send messages. In the old days, people who could not write used to send messages to one another in many different ways.

The Indians used smoke to send signals. They made a fire and put wet grass on it. Then they covered the fire with a wet blanket. After a few moments, they took the blanket away again. This made a cloud of smoke. They could send simple messages in

this way. One cloud of smoke meant, ―Danger‖. Two clouds meant, ― Everything is all right.‖ Three clouds meant, ―Help‖.

In the thick forest of Africa, it used to be difficult to travel from village to village. But drums could be heard from many miles away. People in this part of the world discovered that they could use their drums for sending messages. They did not use a special code like the Morse Code. They made their drums ―speak‖ like people. They did this by playing tunes that sounded like simple sentences in their languages.

The Incas of South America never developed a way of writing their language, but they used to send messages by trying knots in rope. Men used to run with such knotted ropes from town to town along the Inca roads. Many of these rope messages have been found, but nobody can understand what they mean.

6. In the old days, people____________.

a. couldn‘t write b. wrote in order to send messages c. used different ways to send messages d. couldn‘t send messages

7. Which of the following took place first when Indians used smoke to send messages?

a. They put a wet blanket on the fire. b. They covered the fire with wet grass. c. They removed the blanket d. They used smoke to send messages 8. ________used to send messages by playing tunes on drums.

a. Africans b. Indians c. Incas d. People in the old days 9. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

a. People in forests of Africa used different ways to send messages. b. The Indians used drums to send messages.

c. The Incas of South America only developed a way of sending messages

with drums.

d. Nobody now can understand what the Incas meant by trying knots in rope. 10. The best title of the passage would be __.

a. Different Peoples b. Different ways c. Smoke, Drums and Ropes d. Sending Messages. Passage 3

Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth is a muscular

sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently---to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the brain stop your hand at eh correct spot. This automatic perception of the position of your muscles on relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.

Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers varying from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics: they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch; and they can retract to their original positions. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.

More than half a person‘s body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which are involuntary—in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles,

those that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman can‘t lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.

11. According to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for____. A. the efficiency of our muscles B. the normal breathing function

B. directing our muscles intelligently D. the work of only our involuntary muscles. 12. Intelligent use of the muscles means that____. A. one always knows what his muscles are doing. B. one performs simple actions without working

C. one‘s muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they

perform.

D. one improves muscular action consciously 13. Muscles are unique fibers in that they can____

A. contract B. stretch C. retract D. all of the above 14. According to the selection, more than half of a person‘s body is composed of ____.

A. voluntary muscles B. involuntary muscles C. muscle fibers D. sensory nerves

15. An average woman is weaker than an average man because she has ____. A. more voluntary muscles than an average man

B. only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as a man for her body mass C. 60 to 70 percent less muscle for her body mass D. less muscle fiber for her body weight

PART FOUR

Passage 1

It was years since I had visited my hometown and I was determined to enjoy my stay. I went to see my old friend, Tom Clark, who, among other things, was a member of the Local Council. At the time Tom was busy making arrangements for a distinguished writer to give a talk on modern literature at the town library. As the subject interested me a great deal, I gladly accepted Tom‘s invitation to go with him.

Tom was going to introduce the guest speaker and that evening we went to the library to meet him. Since he had not yet arrived, I left Tom and went to the Reading Room where a large audience had already gathered. I was disappointed to find that I did not know a single person there. Just before the talk was due to begin, I saw Tom waving to me from the doorway. I went to him immediately, as he looked very worried. He explained that he had just received a telephone message from the writer‘s secretary. Our guest had missed the train and would be unable to come! While we were thinking about the problem, Tom suddenly asked me if I would mind acting as a speaker. I hardly had time to think about the matter when I found I was being led into

the Reading Rom to address the waiting audience!

1. The author‘s old friend, Tom Clark, was ____

A. a member of a club named Local Council B. a secretary of the local government

C. a distinguished writer D. a local councilor

2. Who was supposed to be the guest speaker by Tom‘s arrangement?

A. The writer of this passage B. An outstanding writer

C. The writer‘s secretary D. Tom‘s secretary

3. What happened to the writer of this passage when he left Tom and went into

the Reading Room?

A. He was greeted by a large audience B. He saw many old friends there

C. He felt sorry because he was a stranger there

D. He found many unfamiliar couples except one man who was single

4. Just before the talk was due to begin, Tom looked very worried because____. A. the writer of the passage was disappointed B. he couldn‘t find the writer of the passage

C. he failed to make a telephone call to his secretary D. the guest speaker was absent

5. The last sentence of this passage implies that____

A. the author of the passage had to make a speech without preparation B. he refused to say anything before the audience

C. Tom had a very difficult time explaining the situations

D. the waiting audience wouldn‘t listen to him because they knew he was not the right person to address them.

Passage 2

Oceanography has been defined as ?The application of all sciences to the study of the sea.‘

Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings. But he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.

For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question ?What is at the bottom of the oceans?‘ had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.

It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853,for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for

encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.

The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.

Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.

6. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made

oceanographic studies take on_____.

A.an academic aspect B. a military aspect

C. a business aspect D. an international aspect

7. It was _____ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. A. the American Navy B. some early intercontinental travelers

C. those who earned a living from the sea D. the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable

8. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was _____. A. to make some sounding experiments in the oceans B. to collect samples of sea plants and animals C. to estimate the length of cable that was needed D. to measure the depths of the two oceans

9. ? Defied ‘ in the 5th paragraph probably means ___ . A. ?doubted ‘ B. ? gave proof to‘

C. ? challenged ‘ D. ? agreed to‘

10. This passage is mainly about ___ A. the beginnings of oceanography B. the laying of the first undersea cable C. the investigation of ocean depths

D. the early intercontinental communications Passage3

People on the Move

The history of the American people is, in part, the history of the movement of the American people. They moved from the colonies of the East Coast to the open spaces of the West. They moved from the country and the farm to the city. More recently, Americans have been moving from the cities to the suburbs.

Open Space: The Move West

Pioneer Americans began moving from the East Coast to the West 250 years ago. They moved west for many reasons. One reason was the availability of unlimited open space and land for farming. Americans liked large open spaces, and they also liked the freedom and independence to develop the land in their own way. Some of the land became farms. Important minerals were discovered in some areas, so some of the land became mines. Other large areas became cattle ranches. There seemed to be enough land for everybody. But it was a difficult life---- a life of endless work and hardship.

The Cities

After 1860, the Industrial Revolution changed the United States. Americans learned how to manufacture steel. They began to produce petroleum. The automobile was invented. Factories of all kinds began to appear, and cities began to grow up around the factories. Farmers and other country people moved to the growing cities in order to find jobs and an easier life. In the early 1900s, the cities were busy, exciting places. However, there was also a lot of poverty and hardship.

The cities grew up----the buildings got taller--- and the cities grew out----they spread out from the center. Private houses with yards and porches disappeared. Apartment buildings, each one taller than the next, took their place. More and more people moved to the cities, and the cities got bigger and bigger.

Some cities could not spread out because there was no room to do so. These cities, of which New York is the best example, became more and more crowded. More people meant more cars, trucks, and buses, more noise, more pollution, and more crime. Many cities became ugly and dirty. Some people and some businesses began to leave the cities and more to the suburbs outside the cities.

The Suburbs

The move to the suburbs is still happening. Americans are looking for a small piece of land that they can call their own. They want a house with a yard. However, they do not want to give up the good jobs they have in the city. In many cases, companies in the suburbs give them jobs. In other cases, Americans tend to commute to and from the cities where their jobs are. In recent years, more and more businesses are moving to the suburbs. They are attracting many people and the suburbs are becoming crowded.

What Next?

Americans have watched their big cities fall slowly into disrepair and die. Many middle-class people have left the cities, and only the very rich and the very poor are staying behind.

Concerned Americans are trying to solve the problems of noise, dirt, crime, and pollution in the big cities. They are trying to rebuild bad sections of the cities in order to attract and keep business people. They are trying to make their cities beautiful. Now many Americans are thinking of moving back to the cities.

Other Americans are finding that even the suburbs have become too crowded. They are looking for unpolluted open spaces and for an independent way of life. They are ready to move from the suburbs to the country.

Perhaps Americans will always be on the move.

11. We learn from the passage that Americans first_____________.

A. moved from the East to the West, then the country people moved to the city

and later city people moved to the suburbs.

B. moved from the East to the West, then the country people moved to the city

and later people in the West moved back to the East.

C. moved from the crowded cities in the East to the open spaces in the West,

and later people in the West moved back to the East.

D. flocked to the city and later the city people moved to the suburbs or to the

open spaces in the West.

12. According to the passage, Americans moved to the West

because_____________.

A. moving west represented and adventurous spirit that Americans cherish. B. life there was tougher but more attractive. C. there was more land available in the West. D. gold mines were discovered in the West.

13. Private houses with yards and porches in the city____

A. disappeared because living in the city was no longer convenient fort their

owners.

B. took up too much space and had to make way for high-rising buildings. C. were left empty because their owners wanted to avoid the crimes in the

city.

D. were torn down because they became too ugly and dirty for their owners to

live in

14.Nowadays, in the suburbs of American cities,______________.

A. crime is on the increase B. people find it hard to get a job.

C. there is an increase of people and businesses. D. a new commuting system has been put into use. 15. Many Americans nowadays__.

A. are thinking of moving back to the city. B. prefer to live in the suburbs

C. avoid living in the city because of the high crime rate there. D. believe they should move to the country

PART FIVE Passage 1

The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things

back for long. As one Norwegian politician said last week: ―We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.‖

Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a program of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.

The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.

The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.

1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to ________________

A. provide more jobs for foreign workers B. slow down the rate of its development C. sell the oil it is producing abroad

D. develop more quickly than at present

2. The Norwegian Government has tried to______

A. encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources

B. prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway C. help the oil companies solve many of their problem D. keep the oil industry to something near its present size.

3.According to the passage, the oil industry might lead in northern Norway to___________.

A. the development of industry B. a growth in population

C. the failure of the development program D. the development of new towns

4. In the south, one effect of the development of the oil industry might be____

A. a large reduction in unemployment B. a growth in the tourist industry

C. a reduction in the number of existing industries D. the development of a number of service industries

5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because _______.

A. they form such a large part of Norwegian society B. their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal C. their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society

D. they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life

Passage 2

Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection(the echo), you van estimate the distance to an obstruction.

During World War II the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain.

Since the radio weaves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their range of flight, in other words), the device was called radio detecting and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined.

6. Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate the_______. A. intensity of sound B. distance to the hill C. speed of sound D. height of the hill

7. Which of the following can be resulted from by practical application of this

principle?

A. a radio directing and ranging device. B. an electronic detecting device

C. new electronic instruments for planes

D. new radio sets for RAF bombers 8. Radar enabled the English to_____

A. confuse German bomber pilots

B. direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectively C. detect German planes on their way to London. D. both A and B

9. Why did the British use radio waves?

A. Because they were more exact than sound waves. B. Because they could not be detected.

C. Because they were easier to use than sound waves. D. Because they could penetrate fog and clouds. 10. What can you infer from the passage?

A. Radar was a practical application of a well-known principle. B. Light waves could be used in a device similar to radar. C. Radar greatly increased the effectiveness of the REAF.

D. Sound waves are reflected from a hillside under all conditions.

Passage 3

The first postal service in North America began in New England in the 17th Century. All mail arriving in Massachusetts colony was sent to the home of an appointed official in Boston. In turn, he would deliver the mail from Boston on horseback to its destination, receiving one penny for each good article of mail. Later in the century postal services were established between Philadephia and Delaware. In 1691, the British crown appointed the first postmaster general to have charge of the mail for all the colonies in North America. Later, Benjamin Franklin served as the postmaster by the newly formed United States government.

Franklin was responsible for establishing the Unite States postal system on a permanent basis. He increased the number of post offices, introduced the use of stagecoaches to carry mail, and started a package service system. Later in the 19th century, as railroad and steam boats appeared, they were used to carry mail into the towns.

Some communities, especially those out west, were far from the services of transportation. To serve them, the post offices developed a system called ―star routes‖. Private contractors were paid to deliver mail to the communities from horse and wagon.

The postal service, which started over three centuries ago, had developed into an extensive government service with post offices in every city, town, and villages in the United States.

11.What is the subject of the passage?

A. The U.S. postal system. B. The history of the U. S mail C. A history of Benjamin Franklin. D. Letter writing

12. When was the first North American postal service started? A. Two centuries ago B. Over 300 years ago

C. In 1691 D. In the 16th century

13. For what did Benjamin Franklin deserve credit?

A. He was the first postmaster general in North America. B. He established a government postal service for Britain. C. He served both British and American government. D. He governs the postal system in the U.S 14.Why were ―star routes‖ started?

A. Because the horse and wagon were slow in carrying mails. B. Because the trains were too fast.

C. Because transportation was difficult for some towns.

D. Because the communities didn‘t like ordinary post offices. 15. What eventually happened to the postal service?

A. It failed to serve the people in remote places. B. It developed a transport system

C. It remained the same as it started many years before. D. It developed all over the country.

Part II. Vocabulary and Structure

Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

PART ONE

16. Can you tell us how many ingredients this compound___?

A. consists of B. constrains to C. consists in D. consults with

17. In conducting foreign affairs we should seek common ground on major issues

while _____ differences on minor ones. A. reserving B. requiring C. resolving D. resisting

18. Please allow me to express warm welcome to our ____ friends.

A. respect B. respectful C. respected D. respective

19. Could you have the birthday cake ready by, ___, the 20th?

A. that is B. say C. for example D. so to speak

20. The teacher asked the students to ____ their compositions before handing them

in.

A. read on B. read out C. read through D. read over

21. As a precaution the workers ___ all the weapons from the factory to a secret

place in the country.

A. changed B. consumed C. put D. transferred

22. I found the girl was so ____ reading Lei Feng‘s stories that she almost forgot

her dinner.

A. absorbed in B. accepted by C. accustomed to D. adapted to 23. Please let me sit down; I‘m ___.

A. worn down B. worn off C. worn out D. worn away 24. I don‘t want this bread; it‘s _____.

A. barren B. stale C. withered D. rusty

25. Television has a _____ not only to entertain people but also to inform them.

A. necessity B. respect

C. duty D. discipline

26. We look ____ to receiving a prompt reply to our letter.

A. round B. through C. after D. forward

27. The road builders‘ claim for a 10 percent pay rise has been under____ by the

government.

A. consideration B. inquiry C. regard D. application 28. Peter is _____ a difficult period in his life.

A. going into B. going over C. going out of D. going through

29. The main road through Hangzhou was blocked for three hours today after an accident ______ two trucks.

A. containing B. connecting C. involving D. including

30. A completely new situation is likely to ___ when the school leaving age is raised to 16.

A. affect B. rise C. arise D. happen

PART TWO

16.The boy, wanting to be independent, ____ his father‘s offer of help. A. turned away B. turned against C. turned down D. turned up

17.Can‘t you ____ our chief to let you have a holiday? A. overcome B. make C. succeed D. persuade

18.Robert didn‘t hear the bell because he was completely ____ in his reading A. disguised B. suspended C. absorbed D. observed

19.Keys should never be hidden around house since thieves ___ know where to look.

A. virtually B. variously C. reliably D. invariably

20.It is sometimes difficult _____ you have just met.

A. to make pleasure conversation among people. B. making pleasure conversation to people C. making pleasure conversation for people. D. to make pleasure conversation with people.

21.This test ____ a number of multiple -choice questions. A. composed of B. composes in C. consists of D. consists in

22.No one imagined that the apparently ____ business man was really a criminal.

A. respectful B. respective C. respectable D. respect

23.I‘m afraid you‘ve been ____. This bank note is a forgery. A. taken in B. taken up C. taken down D. taken out

24.Very few scientists ____ with completely new answers to the world‘s problems. A. come to B. come up C. come in D. come on

25.He quickly _____ himself as a powerful member of the new company. A. made B. transferred C. preserved D. established

26.The office ____ from Chicago to Los Angeles. A. was changed B. was transferred C. changed D. transferred

27.The Ancient Egyptians knew how ____ dead bodies from decay. A. to preserve B. to prevent C. preserving D. preventing

28.Seeing that they were very busy then, we took out leave quickly lest we should be ____.

A. on the way B. by the way C. in this way D. in the way

29.The old lady ____ her sack and rested for a few minutes. A. picked up B. put down C. tied up D. left over

30.A good dictionary is ____ to the study of a foreign language. A. relevant B. respectable C. inseparable D. indispensable

PART THREE

16. ____ the expression on his face, he seemed to be displeased. Which of the

following can‘t be used in the above sentence? A. As to B. By C. According to D. Judging by 17. The other students made ___ his calligraphy.

A. big fuss over B. a great fuss over C. great fuss of D. great fusses over 18. He was elected by a majority of 20 votes ___ 5.

A. over B. than C. above D. against 19. Gold is similar ___ brass ___ color.

A. on … to B. to… on C. to… in D. with… in

20. He spoke English so well that ___. Which of the following is not correct? A. I took for granted that he was an Englishman B. he was taken for granted as an Englishman

C. I took it for granted that he was an Englishman D. it was taken for granted that he was an Englishman.

21. ______. Would you help me to fix it? Which of the following is not correct? A. Something has gone wrong with my TV set. B. Something is wrong with my TV set.

C. There‘s something wrong with my TV set. D. There something‘s gone wrong with my TV set 22. That student ___ today.

A. caught cheating B. caught in cheating C. was caught cheating D.was caught at cheating 23. Which of the following is right?

A. Which refrigerator do you guess they will buy? B. Which refrigerator you guess will they buy? C. Which refrigerator you guess they will buy? D. Do you guess which refrigerator will they buy? 24. Which teacher do you know __ the examination paper? A. made up B. was made up of

C. made for D. made into

25. ____, if you try your best, you‘ll earn 300 yuan in that factory. Which of the

following is not correct?

A. In my view B. In my opinion C. By my estimate D. In my estimate

26. If you ask me to solve something intricate, I‘ll prove myself an idiot. Which of

the following can‘t replace the word ―intricate‖ here?_______. A. sophisticated B. complex

C. complicated D. frequent

27. He said he would pay for the damage; he didn‘t, though. The word ―though‖ can

best be replaced by____.

A. although B. even though

C. either D. however

28. He worked ___ more slowly today than he did yesterday. Which of the

following can‘t be used in the above?

A. far B. a lot C. a little D. a good many

29. I can not say ___ sure when the film will begin.

A. in B. about C. for D. with 30. The tape-recorder, ___ my estimate, must be made in Japan. A. in B. from C. of D. by

PART FOUR

16. The customer complained____ the manager ____ the discourtesy(粗鲁行为) of

an assistant.

A. about … of B. of … to C. to … of D. against… of

17. When the class was over, we went back to our ___ dormitories.

A. complacent B. respectable C. respective D. respectful

18. We had a hard climb but we___ a splendid view at the top of the hill.

A. were awarded with B. were rewarded with C. were awarded D. rewarded with

19. If you practice hard, you will ___ a good novelist. Which of the following can‘t

be used here?

A. make B. develop into C. turn out to be D. bring up

20. The room must be ___ clean before the operation is performed. Which of the

following can‘t be used here?

A. thoroughly B. completely C. particularly D. offensively

21. Before you leave home for Australia, you should __ the English language.

A. be familiar to B. familiar with C. make yourself familiar to D. be familiar with 22. You‘ll get more skillful at this job as you ______.

A. go down B. go up

C. go along D. go over

23. The noise was found to be just the dog scratching the door. ―Was found to be‖

can best be replaced by_____.

A. discovered B. turned into

C. turned against D. turned out to be 24. The driver ______ speeding

A. charged with B. was accused with C. was charged for D. was accused of

25. The politician ___ many facts and figures when he went for the press conference.

A. armed with B. was armed away

C. was armed with D. put on

26. _____ another chance, I‘m sure to win the first award. Which of the following can‘t be used here?

A. Given me B. If given

C. Given D. If I am given

27. We _____ better if we ___ more favorable conditions.

A. would do … had been given B. would have done … were given

C. would have done …had been given D. would do … are given

28. In most ___, such patients can recover in about two weeks. But in no ___ must

they leave the hospital before they recover. A. cases … situation B. states … cases

C. conditions …circumstances D. cases …circumstances

29. He tried to put by a couple of dollars each week to go on a journey in the

following vacation but failed. ―Put by‖ can‘t be replaced by ____. A. set aside B. save up C. put aside D. set up 30. He has already had one ____ with the law.

A. brush B. connect C. fight D. relation

PART FIVE

16. We tried _____ both the front door and the back door, but no one answered. A. knocking at B. to knock at C. knock on D. knocking

17. We recommended that Mother ___ her job since she was in such a poor health. A. quits B. quitted C. quitting D. quit 18. He recovered his health ____ sea-air and sea-bathing. A. a means of B. by any means C. by means of D. by all means

19. With the rise of the people‘s living standard, TV sets and refrigerators are

____ necessities of life.

A. regarded B. viewed as C. seen D. dealt as

20. After writing a composition, we must ___ it several times and revise it carefully.

A. go on B. go out C. go over D. go beyond

21. Our expenditure ____ a little short of the three hundred yuan every month. A. amounts to B. adds to C. reaches to D. spends

22. Advice from her teacher will have a great ___ on my daughter. A. effort B. effect C. affect D. effective

23. These wise decisions ____ the defeat of the fascist aggressors. A. helped to B. promoted to C. improved to D. contributed to

24. She suggested that Robert ____ New York and try his luck there. A. went to B. goes to C. go to D. would go to

25. As he is good-tempered, he gets along well ___ everybody else in his office.

A. to B. at C. with D. over

26. The boys are ____ their physical training in high spirits.

A. going about B. going on

C. going beyond D. going ahead

27. Nothing will ____ the friendship between our two neighboring countries.

A. investigate B. interfere with C. interpret D. intervene

28. You are not as honest and reliable ___ you think you are.

A. to B. like C. as D. at

29. At last her dreams of being an astronaut _____.

A. came to B. came true C. came out D. came up

30. If you are patient, I‘ll tell you the whole ____ in detail.

A. condition B. memory C. part D. story

Part III. Cloze

Direction: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the One answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

PART ONE

The U.S bought Alaska from Russia about a hundred years ago. The U.S paid less 31 two cants an acre. One Alaskan Island is only two miles away 32 a Russian Island. The nearest state is Washington, 500 miles 33.

Alaska is more than twice as big as Texas. It has many different kinds of 34. In some areas the temperature can go as low as 57 below zero. It can also go as 35 as 38 above zero.

Alaska has a longer coastline than all other states together. The ocean bottom is full of sea life. 36 fish catch is one of the biggest of all states. Most of the land there is still 37 by the U.S government --- not by people or businesses. Alaska is the biggest state, but it has the fewest people. Towns are far apart. Long roads cost a lot to build in 38 wild country. So there are not very many roads. Many people use planes to travel in the state. Others travel in boats along the coast. Rivers freeze in winter, but boats travel on them when summer comes.

Many people go to 39 big and small animals. Fishermen and skiers and people who 40 beautiful country visit the state too. 31. A. as B. from C. than D. by 32. A. from B. on C. into D. down 33. A. away B. near C. long D. farther 34. A. weather B. air C. sky D. atmosphere 35. A. tall B. high C. hot D. boiling 36. A. Alaska B. Alaska‘s C. Alaskan‘s D. Alaskan 37. A. owed B. earned C. brought D. owned 38. A. so B. such C. just D. thus

39. A. search B. explore C. find D. hunt 40. A. like B. approach C. welcome D. see PART TWO

Loneliness lasting between a few minutes and a few hours is not serious, as most people feel lonely sometimes. But some people keep feeling for years, why? It‘s said that there are three different 31 of loneliness. The first kind of loneliness is temporary, which is the most 32 type. The second kind is situational loneliness, which is a natural 33 of a particular situation. Physical problems 34 it can cause, it does last less than a year. The third is chronic loneliness, the most 35 of all. The reason why to say so is 36 this kind of loneliness lasts more than two years without any specific cause. Thanks to socializing difficulty, the chronically lonely people may think 37 hopeless to improve their condition. We depend on various people for different reasons. 38 social contacts makes people lonely; as psychologists have found. But those who have already had many social contacts too are 39 for more. They wonder their popularity. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a 40 and healthy part of life, psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people who are facing the danger of serious illness.

31. A. manners B. methods C. styles D. types 32. A. common B. routine C. average D. regular 33. A. result B. appearance C. judgment D. experience 34. A. although B. since C. as D. because of 35. A. efficient B. important C. essential D. severe 36. A. because B. that C. what D. which 37. A. that B. which C. this D. it

38. A. Offering B. Lacking C. Enjoying D. Grasping 39. A. increasing B. requiring C. granting D. longing 40. A. capable B. normal C. superior D. favorite

PART THREE

More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendships, what they expected 31 friends, what they were willing to give in 32 , and how satisfied they were 33 the quality of their friendships. The 34 give little comfort to social critics.

Friendship 35 to be a unique form of 36 bonding. Unlike marriage or the ties

that 37 parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by 38. Unlike other social roles that we are expected to 39 as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and 40 organizations—it has its own principle, which is to promote feelings of warmth, trust, love, and affection between two people. 31. A. on B. of C. to D. for

32. A. addition B. reply C. turn D. return 33. A. about B. of C. with D. by

34.A. results B. effects C. expectations D. consequences 35. A. feels B. leads C. sounds D. appears 36. A. human B. mankind C. individual D. civil

37. A. bind B. attach C. control D. attract 38. A. discipline B. law C. rule D. regulation 39. A. keep B. do C. show D. play 40. A. all B. any C. other D. those

PART FOUR

A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply--- all these important 31 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 32 they were not enough. Something 33 was needed to start the industrial process. That ―something special‖ was men---34 individuals who could invent machines, find new35 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.

The men who 36 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 37from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 38 inventors than scientists. A man who is a 39 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 40. He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used.

31. A. cases B. reasons C. factors D. situations 32. A. But B. And C. Besides D. Even 33. A. else B. near C. extra D. similar 34. A. generating B. effective C. motivation D. creative 35. A. origins B. sources C. bases D. discoveries 36. A. employed B. created C. operated D. controlled 37. A. came B. arrived C. stemmed D. appeared 38. A. less B. better C. more D. worse 39. A. genuine B. practical C. pure D. clever 40. A. happily B. occasionally C. reluctantly D. accurately

PART FIVE

Life is full of dangers and surprises. Your house may burn down. You may _31___ the window and break your neck. Mice and beetles may eat your floor___32_ you drop in to the flat __33__ for an uninvited cup of tea. Anything may happen, you never know.

You cannot always prevent disasters, but you can __34__ against them. Most forms of insurance are __35__ it is up to you whether you take out _36__ or not. But some forms are_37__. If you drive a car, for example, you must __38_ a third party insurance policy. The ―parties‖ to an agreement, or contract, are the individuals or groups _39__. With third-party motor insurance, the three _40__ are (i) you yourself, (ii) you insurance company, and (iii) anybody else for example, the man whose Jaguar has just smashed up your Mini. Third-party insurance does not cover fire, theft or anything else. It is intended only to protect road users from each other. If you want to insure against all the other terrible things that might happen to you or your car, you can take out a comprehensive policy.

31. A. fall down B. fall back

C. fall out of D. fall out

32. A. so that B. in order that

C. for fear that D. In that

33. A. above B. below

C. over D. upside

34. A. assure B. ensure

C. guarantee D. insure

35. A. compulsory B. voluntary

C. involuntary D. unwilling

36. A. note B. card

C. slip D. policy

37. A. compulsory B. optional

C. voluntary D. willing

38. A. take up B. take in

C. take out D take over

39. A. concerning B. concerned

C. being concerned D. to be concerned 40. A. parties B. groups

C. individuals D. departments

Part IV. Translation from English to Chinese.

Direction: There are 3 sentences in this part. For each sentence you should translate it into standard Chinese.

PART ONE

1，However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go for an interview.

2，The walls were dirty with ink marks.

3，She's the one who really runs this school.

PART TWO

1，What would my salary be?

2，I should have to teach all subjects except art.

3，It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door.

PART THREE

1，I attended a lot of different kinds of classes in college.

2，Hundreds of students send me email each year asking for advice about education.

3，They want to know what to study.

PART FOUR

1，College isn't the only place where information exists.

2，college offers you the best chance to learn broadly.

3，My basic advice is simple and heartfelt.

PART FIVE

1，If you want something, work for it!

2，His life would never be the same again.

3，Only this time he knew he wasn't dreaming.

Part V. Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below. Set the topic by yourself.

PART ONE

给你的某位朋友写一封E-MAIL。内容包括：

1．了解对方最近的情况，尤其是学习情况。 2．你的学习情况。

PART TWO

假设你叫李明，请写一个自我介绍。包括：

1.自然情况

2.受教育经历和工作经历 3.自我评价

PART THREE

1. 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为…… 2. 有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为…… 3. 我的看法

PART FOUR

1.有人认为人的相貌是很重要的 2.有人认为相貌并不是特别的重要 3.你的看法

PART FIVE

1.有人认为大学应当多人一个寝室(dormitory room) 2.有人认为自己一个人一个寝室更好 3.你的看法

第二部分

Part I. Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are some passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

PART ONE

Passage 1

When the Chinese began to develop their public health services in 1949 they decided their main aim would be to prevent disease from occurring. One part of their public health program was to teach the people simple hygiene such as the importance of drinking pure water and of getting rid of household rubbish. As a result it is now possible to control some infectious diseases.

China has a fairly organized medical service system. For example; common cases are treated in factory, school or commune clinics; only the difficult cases find their way to the local hospitals and even fewer are passed on to the specialist hospitals for treatment.

Recent visitors to China have all agreed that her health standards are good: few children die of disease that can be cured and many of the killer disease are well under control.

1. Part of the Chinese medical program was intended to _________.

A. teach people how to protect themselves against the spread of infectious diseases.

B. increase the specialist hospitals C. increase the highly-trained doctors. D. promote traditional Chinese medicine.

2. Many infectious diseases are now under control in China because _______.

A. many doctors work in clinics at the same time. B. many medical students are trained every year. C. a lot of nurses work as doctors

D. China organizes her medical services in an effective way. 3. The author thinks that the Chinese medical system___.

A. could be easily improved

B. is no better than that of some countries C. is working fairly well

D. should try to train more specialists

4. According to this passage, a seriously ill person_____. A. is often treated at home

B. is often treated in a special hospital C. is often treated in a clinic

D. is often treated in a local hospital

5. The best title for this article would probably be _____.

A. How to deal with the infectious diseases B. Commune clinics

C. Public health services in China D. Special hospitals

Passage 2

Every year there are changes in climate in different parts of the world. Some of these changes are due to natural causes. However, some climate changes are caused by air pollution and these changes may increase.

If the pollution affects the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the results are likely to be serious. Carbon dioxide constitutes only a small part of the atmosphere. But it has an important function in maintaining the balance between radiation from the sun entering the atmosphere and radiation leaving the Earth. Some of the radiation is absorbed by the Earth and some is radiated back into the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents some of the radiation from leaving the atmosphere. Thus the heat remains in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide helps to prevent the temperature of the Earth from falling.

If the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased as result of air pollution, the temperature of the atmosphere may rise. This might eventually cause the ice in the North and South Poles to melt. If this happened, the sea level cold rise and parts of the Earth could be flooded. The likelihood of this happening is remote, but the possibility exists.

There is also a fairly strong possibility that the dust level in the atmosphere will rise as a result of industrial pollution. This dust pollution will reflect sunlight back into space. If this happens less sunlight will reach the Earth and the temperature will fall.

Another danger comes from the destruction of the earth‘s vegetation such as the forest of Brazil, which are being cleared away for farmland and cities. Trees use carbon dioxide and their destruction may upset the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

6.The main purpose of this passage is to tell us that_______.

A. the climate of the world is always changing.

B. air pollution has greatly affected the climate of the world. C. climate changes are due to carbon dioxide.

D. the climate of the world is subjected to dangers from air pollution. 7. From this passage we learn that carbon dioxide ____

A. prevents the temperature of the Earth from rising.

B. keeps the sun‘s radiation from entering the atmosphere.

C. plays an important part in maintaining the balance of the temperature of the Earth

D. is a natural causes of climate changes

8. Judging from this passage, if the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

decreased, the temperature of the Earth would___. A. become higher B. become lower

C. neither rise nor fall D. either fall or rise

9. Which of the following is not the possible serious outcomes of air pollution related to climate changes?

A. Parts of the Earth would be flooded some day.

B. less sunlight would reach the Earth. C. the temperature of the earth might rise. D. the earth‘s vegetation might be destroyed. 10. It is clear the writer of the passage ____

A) is for the opinion that the climate changed are due to natural causes. B) is afraid that air pollution will greatly change the climate of the world. C) suppose that more studies should be made on the world‘s climate

D) hopes that steps should be taken to stop the destruction of the earth‘s

vegetation

Passage 3

Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behavior for a man to smoke in the street. No man who thought himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.

Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn‘t it matter? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one in you lap, or on the table?

The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people

shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America, That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7o‘clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.

The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable---especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.

11.If one has accepted a dinner invitation, what should he do if he is to be late for the dinner?

A. He should find an excuse. B. He should ask for excuse

C. He should say ―Sorry‖.

D. He should telephone to explain his being late

12.In the last sentence of the passage, ―Bad manners‖ probably means ______. A. ugly B. dishonest C. impolite D. shameful

13. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?

A. Social Customs and Behavior B. Social life

C. American and British Customs. D. Promptness Is Important

14. According to the passage, the best host______.

A. tries his best to make his guests feel comfortable. B. makes his guests feel excited.

C. tries to avoid being naughty to his guests D. tries to avoid being stupid.

15. The author of this article may agree with which of the following?

A. The guest who ate his peas with a knife.

B. The other guests who were amused or shocked.

C. The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. D. None of the above.

PART TWO

Passage 1

The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ? Palaeolithic Man‘, ?Neolithic Man‘, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ?Legless Man‘. Histories of the time will go something like this: ?in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early

age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn‘t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ‘

The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird‘s-eye view of the world – or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ?I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.‘ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ?I‘ve been there. ‘ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ?I‘ve been there‘ – meaning, ?I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ‘

When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.

1、Anthropologists label nowaday‘s men ?Legless‘ because A people forget how to use his legs.

B people prefer cars, buses and trains.

C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking. D there are a lot of transportation devices. 2、Traveling at high speed means A people‘s focus on the future. B a pleasure.

C satisfying drivers‘ great thrill. D a necessity of life.

3、Why does the author say ?we are deprived of the use of our eyes‘ ? A People won‘t use their eyes.

B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless. C People can‘t see anything on his way of travel. D People want to sleep during travelling.

4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A Legs become weaker.

B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place. C There is no need to use eyes. D The best way to travel is on foot. 5. What does ?a bird‘s-eye view‘ mean? A See view with bird‘s eyes.

B A bird looks at a beautiful view.

C It is a general view from a high position looking down. D A scenic place.

Passage 2

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it‘s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings

on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don‘t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ?the sporting spirit‘ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

6. It can be inferred from the passage that the author‘s opinion of nowadays‘ human beings is

A. not very high. B. high. C. contemptuous. D. critical. 7. The main idea of this passage is

A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law. B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence. C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports. D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.

8. That the author mentions the old Romans is

A. To compare the old Romans with today‘s people. B. to give an example.

C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better. D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

9. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage? A. Three. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 10. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is

A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.

B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law. C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system. D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.

Passage 3

Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they‘re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for

self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ?It‘s iniquitous,‘ they say, ?that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don‘t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it‘s the consumer who pays…‘

The poor old consumer! He‘d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn‘t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.

We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn‘t forget is the ?small ads.‘ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ?hatch, match and dispatch‘ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ?agony‘ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It‘s the best advertisement for advertising there is! 11. What is main idea of this passage? A. Advertisement.

B. The benefits of advertisement.

C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. D. The costs of advertisement.

12. The attitude of the author toward advertisers is A. appreciative. B. trustworthy. C. critical.

D. dissatisfactory.

13. Why do the critics criticize advertisers? A. Because advertisers often brag.

B. Because critics think advertisement is a ―waste of money‖. C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. D. Because customers pay more. 14. Which of the following is Not True?

A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.

B. We can buy what we want.

C. Good quality products don‘t need to be advertised. D. Advertisement makes our life colorful. 15. The passage is A. Narration. B. Description. C. Criticism.

D. Argumentation.

PART THREE

Passage 1

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn‘t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living. 1. According to the passage, ?scientific subculture‘ means

[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.

[B] people whose knowledge of science is very limited. [C] the scientific community.

[D] people who make good contribution to science.

2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because

[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists. [B] Science affects almost every aspect of our life. [C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.

[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science. 3. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who

[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.

[B] are good at producing various gadgets. [C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.

[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science. 4. According to this passage,

[A] English is a sexist language.

[B] only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.

[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of

our language.

[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists. 5. This passage most probably is

[A] a book review.

[B] the preface of a book. [C] the postscript of a book.

[D] the concluding part of a book.

Passage 2

It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.

Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ?Wali Ullah‘ or ?those close to God, ‘ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.

Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ?If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can‘t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.‘ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ?With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ‘ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike‘s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ?search for the inner self.‘

One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ?Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie‘s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,‘ he said. 6. What is the most important factor in their doing business?

[A] Mysticism. [B] Religion. [C] Meditation. [D] Investment.

7. Whom do they consult?

[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings. [B] Wali Ullah. [C] Old Kings. [D] Carnegie.

8. Why did Hadisike hasten to add ?his companies also hold modern personnel

management systems…‘?

[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected. [B] To show they too focused on qualifications. [C] To show they hired qualified persons.

[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.

9. According to the passage, the function of the meditation is

[A] to gain profit from the god.

[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision. [C] to gain foreknowledge.

[D] to gain objective conclusion.

10. What does ?operating with normal business procedures‘ refer to?

[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.

[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting. [C] Contact with God.

[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.

Passage 3

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ?because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.‘

―The results of our research‖ Dr. Tucker concluded, ―did not support these opinions.‖

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with

their levels of ability or their specialities.

3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and

motivation.

Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent. As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ?s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ?s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ?s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

11. The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.

[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study. [C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.

[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members. 12. Research has shown that

[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ?s in financial attainment. [B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.

[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.

[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.

13. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.

[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.

[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate. [C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs. [D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.

14. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that

[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.

[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree. [C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts. [D] Ph. D. ?s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions. 15. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.

[B] academic requirement too high. [C] salary for dropouts too high. [D] 1000 positions.

PART FOUR

Passage 1

From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.

It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man‘s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.

The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.

It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three

years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person‘s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.

1. The main idea of this passage is

[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.

[B] Thousands of people the world over are killed each year. [C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax. [D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents. 2. What does the author think of society toward motorists? [A] Society smiles on the motorists.

[B] Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns. [C] Victims of accidents are nothing. [D] Society condones their rude driving.

3. Why does the author say:‘ his car becomes the extension of his personality?‘ [A] Driving can show his real self.

[B] Driving can show the other part of his personality. [C] Driving can bring out his character. [D] His car embodies his temper.

4. Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents? [A] Build more highways. [B] Stricter driving tests.

[C] Test drivers every three years.

[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications. 5. The attitude of the author is

[A] ironical [B] critical [C] appealing [D] militant

Passage 2

Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States. More than 135,000 demonstrators confronted police on the construction site of a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant scheduled to provide power to most of southern New Hampshire. Organizers of the huge demonstration said, the protest was continuing despite the police actions. More demonstrators were arriving to keep up the pressure on state authorities to cancel the project. The demonstrator had charged that the project was unsafe in the densely populated area, would create thermal pollution in the bay, and had no acceptable means for disposing of its radioactive wasters. The demonstrations would go on until the jails and the courts were so overloaded that the state judicial system would collapse.

Governor Stanforth Thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and no delay in its construction set for completion in three years. ―This project will begin on time and the people of this state will begin to receive its benefits on schedule. Those who break the law in misguided attempts to sabotage the project will be dealt with according to the law,‖ he said. And police called in reinforcements from all over the state to handle the disturbances.

The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site. They carried placards that read ―No Nukes is Good Nukes,‖ ―Sunpower, Not Nuclear Power,‖ and ―Stop Private Profits from Public Peril.‖ They defied police order to move from the area. Tear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths. Finally gas-masked and helmeted

police charged into the crowd to drag off the demonstrators one by one. The protestors did not resist police, but refused to walk away under their own power. Those arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly, trespassing, and disturbing the peace. 6. What were the demonstrators protesting about? [A] Private profits.

[B] Nuclear Power Station.

[C] The project of nuclear power construction. [D] Public peril. 7. Who had gas-masks? [A] Everybody.

[B] A part of the protestors. [C] Policemen. [D] Both B and C.

8. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the demonstration? [A] Public transportation. [B] Public peril. [C] Pollution.

[D] Disposal of wastes.

9. With whom were the jails and courts overloaded? [A] With prisoners.

[B] With arrested demonstrators. [C] With criminals. [D] With protestors.

10. What is the attitude of Governor Stanforth Thumper toward the power project and

the demonstration? [A] stubborn. [B] insistent. [C] insolvable. [D] remissible.

Passage 3

President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years. The most liberal wing of the President‘s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.

The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President‘s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.

Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.

So the crux is the technology and that is where the President‘s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance. 11. The focus of the President‘s program is on [A] investment.

[B] economy. [C] technology. [D] tax.

12. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party? [A] They want a more direct action.

[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation. [C] They want to rebuild industry.

[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs. 13. What is the editor‘s attitude? [A] support. [B] distaste. [C] Disapproval. [D] Compromise.

14. The danger to the plan lies in [A] the two parties‘ objection.

[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan. [C] its passage. [D] distortion. 15. The passage is [A] a review. [B] a preface.

[C] a advertisement. [D] an editorial.

PART FIVE

Passage 1

The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week: ―We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.‖

Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.

The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.

The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.

1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to [A] provide more jobs for foreign workers. [B] slow down the rate of its development. [C] sell the oil it is producing abroad. [D] develop more quickly than at present. 2. The Norwegian Government has tried to

[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.

[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway. [C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems. [D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.

3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to [A] the development of industry. [B] a growth in population.

[C] the failure of the development programme. [D] the development of new towns.

4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be [A] a large reduction on unemployment. [B] a growth in the tourist industry.

[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries. [D] the development of a number of service industries.

5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence

because

[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.

[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal. [C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society. [D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.

Passage 2

Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they the answer，and it comes down to the structure of the food，not its chemical composition - a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.C ream and butter contain pretty much the same substances，so why cream should sou r muchfaster has been a mystery.Both are emulsions - tiny globules(小球)of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another.The difference lies in what's in the globules and what's in the surrounding liquid，says Brocklehurst，who led the investigation.In cream，fatty globules and what's in the surround ing liquid，says Brocklehurst，who led the investigation.In cream，fatty globul es drift about in a sea of water.In butter，globules of a watery solution are l ocked away in a sea of fat.The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to li ve in the watery regions of the mixture.‖This means that in cream，the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture，‖he says.When the situation is revers ed，the bacteria are locked away in compartments (密封仓) buried dee p in the sea of fat.Trapped in this way，individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients.They also slowly poison themselves with their wast e products.‖In butter，you get a self - limiting system which stops the bacteri a growing，‖says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food com panies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack t hrough alterations to the food's structure.Brocklehurst believes it will be pos sible to make the emulsions used in salad cream，for instance，more like that in butter.The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump. 6. The significance of Brocklehurst's research is that ______ .

A) it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives B) it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter

C) it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter D) it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition

7. According to the researchers.cream sours faster than butter because bacteria_____ . A) are more evenly distributed in cream

B) multiply more easily in cream than is butter C) live on less fat in cream than in butter D) produce less waste in cream t han in butter

8. According to Brocklehurst，we can keep cream fresh by ______ . A) removing its fat B) killing the bacteria

C) reducing its water content D) altering its structure 9. The word―colonies‖(Line 2，Para.4) refers to ______ . A) tiny globules B) watery regions

C) bacteria communities D) little compartments

10. Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if s alad cream

can be made resistant to bacterial attack ______ .

A) by varying its chemical composition B) by turning it into a solid lump C) while keeping its structure unchanged D) while retaining its liquid form

Passage 3

Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)was experiencing a downswing in riders hip (客运量)along the lines comprising its rail system.Of major concern t o Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham，were the long - distance wester n routes where ridership had been declining significantly.At one time，trains w ere the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west.Trains were fast，ver，'luxurious，and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time.However，times change and the automolile became America's standard of convenience.Also，air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances .Therefore，the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order t o change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be consid ered for travel in the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers - those concermed with safety，relaxation，and cleanliness and 2) travel - lovers - those viewing themselves as relaxed，casual，and interested in the travel ecperience as part of their vacation.The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom，escape，relaxation，and enjoyment of the great western outdoors.It stressed experiences gained by u sing the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures.Adver tisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along s ome of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains(Empire Builder，etc.).These ads were strategically placed among family - oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order t o most effectively reach target audiences.Resultswere impressive.The Empire Bu ilder.Which was focused on in one ad.enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.

11. What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?

A) To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience.

B) To stress the influence of the automobile on America's standard of convenience. C) To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.

D) To illustrate the important role of persuasive communiation in changing consum- er attitudes.

12. It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that ______ .

A) trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation B) trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation C) trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to be

D) trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience

13. To encourage consumers to travel by train，DDB Needham emphasized ______ . A) the freedom and convenience provided on trains B) the practical aspests of travel

C) the adventurous aspects of train trips D) the safety and cleanliness of train trips

14. The train ads were placed among family - oriented TV programs involv ing nature and America because ______ .

A) they could focus on meaningful travel experiences

B) they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programs C) their profits could be increased by some 15 percent

D) most travel - lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences 15. According to the passage，the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because ______ .

A) the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised B) it provided an exciting travel experience

C) its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoors

D) it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and Seattle

Part II. Vocabulary and Structure

Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

PART ONE

16. Young children ____ a foreign language fairly quickly. A. pick up B. follow up C. step up D. make up

17. My energy ____ gradually with age. A. lessons B. lessens C. predicts D. installs

18. The life of a policeman doesn‘t appeal ____ me.

A. for B. against C. to D. upon

19. Everybody present will feel free to produce his own opinions. ―Produce‖

can‘t be replaced by _______.

A. advance B. offer C. turn out D. put forward 20. A patriot is always _____ to his country. A. royal B. prior C. loyal D. inferior

21. I think you are prejudiced ______ Linda. A. against B. for C. at D. of

22. I‘m not speaking of the specialists, but of the common people, such as _______.

A. I, you or he B. he, you or I

C. you, I or he D. you, him or me

23. _____ with the speed of a spaceship, the fastest jetplane doesn‘t seem fast at all.

A. Comparing B. Compare C. While comparing D. When compared

24. With all his achievements he remains modest and prudent. ―With‖ can be replaced by_____.

A. According to B. Because of C. In spite of D. On account of 25. It was _____ that I couldn‘t tear myself away from it.

a) such interesting a film B. a such interesting film

C. so an interesting film D. so interesting a film

26. She declared that she had invented a very efficient engine, _____ was untrue. A. that B. she C. which D. this

27. The whole case for the defense now ____ the evidence of one person ---- the witness of the accident. Which of the following can‘t be used here? A. rests on B. is based on C. depends on D. takes on

28. There is ____ in persuading them to change their attitudes. A. of no use B. of any good

C. not much point D. without any point

29. Some old people use artificial teeth, but some don‘t. ― Artificial‖ can be replaced by ____.

A. genuine B. unnatural C. false D. untrue

30. Almost all athletes ____ before a competition. A. warm up B. watch out C. stay up D. sleep on

PART TWO

16. It is those people who _____ most angry at what is going on at university campuses. A. is B. was C. were D. are

17. His handwriting is ______ yours. A. more better B. as well as

C. much better than D. as better as

18. I don‘t think you have heard of him before, ______? A. don‘t I B. do I

C. have you D. haven‘t you

19. Sally seldom does her homework in the morning, ______. A. so does Jerry B. Jerry is too

C. neither does Jerry D. Jerry doesn‘t too

20. Yesterday we went to the store and bought some ______. A. pieces of furniture B. furnitures

C. piece of furniture D. pieces of furnitures

21. Among the foreigners are two _____ and four _____. A. Japaneses, Germans B. Japanese, Germans C. Japaneses, Germen D. Japanese, Germen

22. Many developed countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ___. A. source B. power C. energy D. material

23. When we arrived at the crossroad, we went the wrong ______. A. direction B. way C. road D. street

24. Don‘t yuou notice you‘ve dropped ______ ― s‖ in the word. A. the B. an C. a D. /

25. My mother bought me a coat whose price was ______. A. expensive B. cheap C. high D. much

26. ______ English, she also studies French and German. A. Beside B. Except

C. Except for D. Besides

27. They won four dogs and two cats. One cat was a present from _____. A. I and my wife B. my wife and me C. me and my wife D. my wife and I

28. Hard work leads _____ success and failure lies ______ laziness. A. /, to B. up, in C. to, in D. to, on

29. He apologized ______ having taken my dictionary ______ mistake. A. to, with B. for, with C. to, by D. for, by

30. Elections take place ______ four years in that country. A. other B. each C. every D. the other

PART THREE

16. In spring and summer, the most popular ______ is tennis. A. work B. activity C. games D. sport

17. Don‘t forget to post the letter for me, _____? A. do you B. will you C. are you D. can you

18. Have you _____ Mr. Smith lately? A. heard B. heard of C. heard from D. education

19. He has been teaching English for 20 years. He has _____. A. many experiences B. much experience C. little experience

D. few experience

20. I haven‘t got a single ______ from my family ever since I felt home. A. news

B. information C. advice D. message

21. I could hardly recognize his ____ on the phone. A. sound B. noise C. voice D. talk

22. Work can be _____ fun if it interests you. A. a B. an C. the D. /

23. The old man lives _____ in a small village. Sometimes he feels _____. A. alone, lonely B. alone, alone C. lonely, alone D. lonely, lonely

24. Miss Pink pulled Linda by ____ hair. A. / B. her C. hers D. the

25. We usually put ― _____ turly‖ at the end of a letter. A. Yours B. Your C. You D. Your‘s

26. On her way home, she was caught ____ the rain. A. on B. in C. by D. with

27. In summer, the temperature here sometimes _____ to as high as 40. A. raises B. rises C. lifts D. puts up

28. _____ do their homework carefully. A. No all students B. Not all the students

C. None the students D. Not every student

29. Hurry up ______ you will not be able to catch the bus. A. then B. if C. as D. or

30. Few foreigners learn how to eat _____ chopsticks. A. by B. on C. with D. for

PART FOUR

16. We must _____ all possible ways of increasing food prouction. A. extend B. insert C. involve D. explore

17. Hardly _____ when they ran toward it. A. had the plane landed B. did the plane land C. the plane had landed D. the plane landed

18. What do you prefer, ____ or ____. A. tomatos, potatos B. tomatos, potatoes C. tomatoes, potatoes D. tomatoes, potatos

19. I opened the letter and found _____. A. an important information B. important infromations

C. soem important informations D. some important information

20. There are trees on ______ side of the street. A. either B. both C. every D. all

21. My _____ of happiness is quite different from theirs. A. feeling B. mind C. idea

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