六级翻译

六级汉译英翻译

六级汉译英翻译：宋徽宗

宋徽宗，名赵佶，北宋第八位皇帝，是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一。他不是一个称职的皇帝，却是一位杰出的书画家。宋徽宗身在宫苑，有条件接近当时的第一流名家。他的花鸟画（flower-bird painting）主要受吴元瑜的影响；在书法方面，他最初是向黄庭坚学习，后来自成一家，创造了瘦金体（”Slender Gold”） 。宋徽宗在不断提高自身书画艺术水平的同时，还致力于书画艺术的改革创新。他在位期间，将画家的地位提到中国历史上最高的位置。 考点： 1. 句法结构 非限制性定语从句 被动态

关联词（状语从句、并列句） 现在分词

2. 习惯搭配 have the advantage of being close to 3. 时态

Emperor huizong, whose name was Zhao Ji, was the eighth and one of the most famous emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty. Though incompetent as a ruler, he was an excellent painter and calligrapher. Being an imperial member, Huizong had the advantage of being close to the top artists of that time. His flower-bird painting was influenced by Wu Yuanyu. In terms of calligraphy, he first learned from Huang Tingjian, butlater he created his own style known as the “Slender Gold”. Whiledevoting himself to his own artistic improvement, Huizong also concentrated on the innovation of painting and calligraphy. When he was on the throne, he elevated the painter’s status to the highest level in the history of China.

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六级汉译英翻译：中餐文化

中国悠久的历史、广袤的国土、与世界各国和海外文化的广泛接触，孕育了中餐的独特艺术。中国有一句古话至今还广为流传，叫作“民以食为天”。几千年的推陈出新和不断累积，使中餐受到越来越多的海外人士的青睐，成为了我国对外文化交流的一个友好使者。现代中国已享有“烹饪王国“之美誉，精致的烹调艺术盛行全球，中餐烹饪已名列世界顶尖菜系（culinary style）之林。中餐烹调所用的天然配料，品种繁多；烹调方法，亦层出不穷。 考点：

1. 中国成语、习语

广为流传 推陈出新 层出不穷 享有美誉 “民以食为天” 2. 修饰语

广袤 广泛 盛行 精致

China’s long history, vast territory and extensive contact with other nations and cultures have given birth unique Chinese culinary art. An ancient Chinese saying, which is still popular today, goes, “People regard food as their prime want“. With several thousand years of innovation and accumulation, the Chinese cuisine hasbecome increasingly popular amongmore and more foreign people, becoming an envoy of friendship of China’s cultural exchanges with foreign countries. Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation asthe “kingdom of cuisine”. The exquisite Chinese culinary art has prevailed all over the world, which is one of the world’s top culinary styles. The kinds of natural ingredients and methods of cooking seem endless.

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六级汉译英翻译：中医

中医（traditional Chinese medicine）起源于6000多年前的神农氏时代，这位著名的中国古代药王所生活的时代被认为是中医史上的萌芽阶段（embryo stage）。 中医学在长期的发展过程中，逐渐形成了一整套医学原则和观点。首先，中医认为“万物人为贵“。中医将“救死扶伤”视为职业道德规范。第二，中医注重无病防病，强调以食补（food treatment）来延缓衰老，减少疾病。第三，中医理论认为，社会环境与自然环境相互作用、互为依存，人的身心也是一种相互作用、互为依存的关系。

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) originated from Shennong, the famous king of medicine in ancient China who lived about 6000 years ago. The time Shennong lived is considered to be the embryo stage of the development of TCM. During its long process of development, TCM has gradually developed a set of medical principles and concepts. First, it believes that “nothing is more important than a human life”. It regards “healing the wounded and rescuing the dying” as its professional ethics. Second, it pays attention to the early prevention of diseases, advocating the food treatment to defer senility and reduce diseases. Third, in the TCM theory, the relationship between social and natural environment, as well as the relationship between human body and spirit, is of mutual influence and interdependence.

考点：

习语、成语 句法结构：

谓语结构

被动语态 并列结构

定语 - 同位语 （中英互译）

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六级汉译英翻译：指南针

指南针的发明，促进了中国人的航海（navigation）事业。中国人配合对潮汐、季风（monsoon）等的观察，在航海中创造了一套实用性很强的导航技术

（navigation technology）。正是凭借这样的导航技术，才出现了像郑和下西洋（Zheng He’s voyage to the West）那样的海上壮举，将中国人的航海事业推进到了一个新时代。就世界范围来说，指南针在航海上的应用，导致了以后哥伦布对美洲大陆的发现和麦哲伦的环球航行。这大大加速了世界经济发展的进程，为资本主义（capitalism）的发展提供了必不可少的前提（precondition）。 The invention of compass promoted Chinese navigation. Combined with the observation of tide and monsoon, Chinese people created a practical navigation technology in their sailing. It was with this navigation technology that Zheng He’s voyage to the West would happen, which promoted Chinese navigation to a new era. In the view of the world, the application of compass in sailing facilitated Columbus ‘discovery of American Continent and Magellan’s voyage around the world afterwards, accelerating the development of global economy and providing necessary precondition for the development of capitalism.

六级汉译英翻译：造纸术

东汉（the Eastern Han Dynasty）年末，蔡伦的造纸术被广泛运用。到了公元3至5世纪的两晋时期（period of Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties）, 人们利用纸张写字，并由此发展出写在纸上的书法艺术（calligraphy）.中国的造纸术先后传到了越南、朝鲜、日本。公元7世纪左右，又传到了印度。造纸术还通过陆上丝绸之路（the Silk Road）传到了西亚、欧洲。欧洲的造纸业大致从公元12世纪开始，在这之前，欧洲人主要使用羊皮等来书写，据说书写一本《圣经》，需要三百多张羊皮，可见其昂贵程度。造纸业的兴盛，开创了人类文明的新纪元。

In the late of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun’s paper making technology broadly came into use. In the period of Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties (the 3rd to 5th century AD), people began to write on paper and calligraphy on paper was developed correspondingly. Chinese paper making technology was introduced to Vietnam, Korea and Japan, and around the 7th century. Before that, European mainly wrote on sheepskin. It is said a Bible needed more than 300 sheepskins, which was evidently expensive. The rise of papermaking industry started a new era of human civilization.

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六级汉译英翻译：科举考试

科举考试（Keju）是中国古代人才选拔的一种方式。由于采用分科目选举人才的办法，所以叫作科举。隋炀帝于公元605年开设进士科（the imperial examination system）,用考试办法来选拔人才，这标志着科举制度的形成，它把读书、考试和做官三者紧密结合起来，揭开了中国选举史上崭新的一页。唐朝承袭了隋朝的人才选拔制度，并做了进一步的完善。因此，科举制度逐渐完备起来。科举考试实行了1000多年，实践中逐渐形成的一些较好的制度，至今在我们的社会生活中发挥着作用。

Keju, or the imperial examination, was a means to select talents held in ancient China. It got its name since it adopted methods of selecting talents through a range of different subjects. In 605 AD, Emperor Sui Yangdi established the imperial examination system to select talents, which symbolized the officials closely, opening up a new page in the annals of China’s electoral system. Tang Dynasty followed the talent recruitment system of Sui Dynasty, and further improved. Consequently, the imperial examination system gradually became more and more perfect. In the over 1000 years implementation of the imperial examination, some good systems have been set up in practice, exerting a modern influence on our social life.

六级汉译英翻译：家庭观念

中国人重团员、重亲情、讲孝道（filial piety）,并强调家庭的和睦。中国人最期望的就是“家和万事兴”。当家庭中出现矛盾的时候，中国人最忌讳把这些矛盾暴露在外人面前，所以中国人常说“家丑不可外扬”。中国人在家庭中还特别重视父母、长辈的意见，“不听老人言，吃亏在眼前“正是在强调长辈的经验对于年轻人的指导作用。中国人还强调家庭教育对孩子人格形成的重要影响，常说”子不教，父之过“。

For Chinese people, the great important is attached to reunion, love, filial piety and the peaceful existence within the family. What they most expect is the family being in harmony and all affairs prospering. When there emerges a conflict in the family, it is a taboo for Chinese people to expose the problem to others. Therefore it is often said, “Wash your dirty linen at home.”In a Chinese family, the opinions of parents and the elders are greatly respected. It is often quoted, “Don?t listen to the old man, suffer in at the moment”, reflecting the elders ?guidance on the younger generation. And the emphasis is also given to child?s education on his or her character, which can be demonstrated by such a proverb as “Failing to educate the child is the fault of the father.”

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六级汉译英翻译：文房四宝

在中国，笔（brush）、墨、纸、砚（ink stone）就是人们所说的文房四宝。作为文化艺术工具，文房四宝以其独特性催生了汉字特有的书法艺术，也促使中国画形成了独特风格。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，其本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步发展成为收藏品。文房四宝种类繁多，选材制作不断趋于完善精美，历代都有名品名匠产生。文房四宝在中国的书法、绘画、收藏等活动中，起着不可替代的作用。

In China, the Four Treasures of the Study refers to brush, ink, paper and ink stone. As tools for culture and art, the Four Treasures of the Study, with their attributes, promoted the emergence of the unique art of calligraphy of Chinese character, as well as the formation of unique artistic style of Chinese painting. They not only have pragmatic functions, but also become the works of art for appreciation and gradually for collection. There is a large variety of these four treasures. Material selecting and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect. Each dynasty in Chinese history sees famous craftsmen appear and works produced. Now, the Four Treasures of the Study still plays an irreplaceable role in the field of Chinese calligraphy, painting and collection.

六级汉译英翻译：十二生肖之鼠鼠相貌猥琐，鬼鬼祟祟，破坏力强，落得个“老鼠过街，人人喊打”的千古骂名。但它居于中国十二生肖（the twelve symbolic animals）之首，自古以来就令人不可思议。一个较为合理的解释是：鼠在夜里23时至凌晨1时四处活动，这是一天当中最黑暗之时，老鼠此时出没便于隐藏行迹。由此看来，鼠昼伏夜出（nocturnal）的习惯是使它能够在十二生肖中独占鳌头的主要原因，与其口碑不佳及相貌可鄙没有关系。

Rat looks mean and stealthy, and always causes great destruction, winning it the notorious reputation of “A rat crossing the street is chased by all.”However, it ranks first among the twelve symbolic animals, which has always been a wonder since ancient times. A more reasonable explanation is: Rats often move around from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m., the darkest hours in a day that is convenient for the rats to hide themselves. Judging from this, the habit of being nocturnal is the reason why rat is put in the first place in the twelve symbolic animals, which has nothing to do with its bad reputation or contemptible looks.

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六级汉译英翻译：铜鼓

铜鼓（bronze drum）文化是远古时代在包括长江以南到东南亚的广阔地区流行的一种典型文化代表。在古代，铜鼓多用于祭神、征战和喜庆活动。在祭神时，它是神圣的法器；在节日里，它是最激动人心的打击乐器（percussion

instrument）；征战时，它又成为号令军队的振作士气的军乐器。铜鼓给人们带来的不仅是精神层面的东西，它还有重要的实用价值。许多少数民族依然保持着在传统节日及婚娶和丧假等场合使用铜鼓的习惯。

The bronze drum was typically a kind of culture in the wide area ranging from South of Yangtze River in China to other regions of Southeast Asia in ancient times. More often than not, it was used on such occasions as sacrifice ceremonies to gods, launching ceremonies for the war and festivals, military musical instrument transmitting orders to soldiers and reviving the morale in the war. In addition to its spiritual content, the bronze drum also benefits people with its important value minority of practical use. Many minority groups still adopt the tradition of playing bronze drums on the occasions of traditional festivals, wedding ceremony, funeral ceremony, etc.

六级汉译英翻译：云锦

云锦（cloud-pattern brocade）是我国优秀传统文化的杰出代表，由于用料考究、织工精细、图案色彩典雅富丽，宛如天上云彩般的瑰丽，故称“云锦“。现在只有南京生产，故常称为”南京云锦“，至今已有1580年的历史。南京云锦集历代织锦工艺之大成，元、明、清三朝均为皇家御用贡品（tribute）。云锦因其丰富的文化和科技内涵，被专家称作是中国古代织锦工艺史上最后一座里程碑，被称为“中华瑰宝”、“东方一绝”。

Yun Jin, or cloud-pattern brocade is an excellent representative of traditional Chinese culture. It gets the name since it is as splendid as the iridescent clouds in the sky with its carefully selected material, exquisite fabrication, elegant pattern and gorgeous color. Yun Jin has a long story of 1580 years but it is now produced in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province, China exclusively, therefore it is often named as Nanjing Yun Jin. Nanjing Yun Jin became a masterpiece of ancient art, serving as the royal tributes in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Thanks to its rich cultural and scientific content, Yun Jin is called by specialists the last milestone in the development of brocade fabrication in ancient China and wins the name of “Chinese gem” and “oriental speciality”.

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六级汉译英翻译：舞狮

舞狮（lion dancing）在中国是最受欢迎的一种艺术表演，尤其是在吉庆的场合。它之所以受欢迎，主要是因为表演者惊险的动作及复杂困难的技巧会吸引很多好奇的观众。舞狮及其在表演时表现出的特技，让这项传统技艺成为许多中学热门的课外活动，提供了娱乐与运动的健康组合。舞狮培养了身体的力量、敏捷度（agility）、持久力（stamina）以及团队合作的能力。这些重要的因素赋予了这项历史悠久的传统更深层次的意义。

Lion dancing is one of the most popular art performances in China, especially on auspicious occasions This popularity stems from the exciting movements an sophisticated techniques of the performers, which never fail to draw crowds of curious viewers. Lion dancing and the acrobatics shown in the performances have become popular extracurricular activities at many high schools, offering a healthy combination of entertainment and exercise. Lion dancing develops physical strength, agility and stamina as well as the ability to work as a team. These important elements give the time-honored tradition further meaning. 六级汉译英翻译：唐装

在上海、北京、南京、广州等许多城市中，穿着唐装（traditional Chinese garment）的时髦女子成为一道美丽的风景线。传统唐装做工细致，色彩艳丽，充满了戏剧化、贵族化气息。前些年唐装还大多是明星、要人在极大正式场合的衣着，普通人可能只在婚礼上才穿。不过，现在开始流行的唐装，在概念上已经有所变化：颜色更加柔和，款式更加随意，价格更加便宜。唐装正朝年轻化、休闲化（informal）、大众化、便利化发展。

In Shanghai, Beijing, Nanjing, Guangzhou and many other cities, women wear a fashionable traditional Chinese garment, making them a shaft of beautiful scenery. Traditional Chinese garments, which their exquisite craftsmanship and rich colors, are both dramatic and aristocratic. They were, in earlier years, used only as formal dress by stars and major public figures, and might be merely available to ordinary people in their weddings. However, traditional Chinese garment being in fashion now has conceptually been changed: The color is gentler, the style more free and the price lower than before. It is becoming young and informal in style, and serving the ordinary people in a convenient way.

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六级汉译英翻译：中国国际孔子文化节

中国（曲阜）国际孔子文化节（China (Qufu) International Confucius Cultural Festival）是融学术、文化、旅游、科贸于一体的大型国际节庆活动。自1984年起，每年于孔子诞辰（9月28日）前后在孔子故里——山东曲阜举行，至今已举办了29届。2013年是孔子诞辰2564年，本届孔子文化节以“文化凝聚正能量，同心共筑中国梦“为主题，突出以人为本，注重群众参与。本届文化节充分发挥了孔子文化品牌带动作用，促进了当地经济建设、文化繁荣和社会各项事业的全面发展。

China (Qufu) International Confucius Cultural Festival is one of the major international festivals covering academy, culture, tourism, technology and trade. Since 1984, this festival has been held at the hometown of Confucius-Qufu, Shandong Province annually before or after the birthday of Confucius (September 28) and it has been 29 years since then. And the 2013 Confucius Cultural Festival is held in this year to celebrate the 2564th birthday of Confucius. The festival takes “With positive energy condensed by culture, we make concerted efforts to build Chinese dreams” as the theme, highlights the fundamental status of people, and attaches great importance to the participation of the public. Driven strongly by the cultural brand of Confucius, this festival promotes the overall development of local area in economy, culture an social welfares.

六级汉译英翻译：京剧角色

“生、旦、净、丑”是京剧中的角色分类。“生”是男性正面角色，“旦”是女性正面角色，“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角（supporting role）,”丑“是幽默滑稽或反面角色。每种角色又有标明身份的脸谱（facial make-up）、扮相（costume）等，只要演员一上场，你一看便知。在人的脸上涂以某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质、角色和命运，是京剧的一大特点，也是理解剧情的关键。简单地讲，红脸含有褒义，代表忠勇；黑脸为中性，代表猛智；黄脸和白脸含贬义，代表凶诈。

Sheng, dan, jing, chou refer to different types of roles in Peking Opera. Sheng is the positive male role, dan is the positive female role, while jing is a supporting male role with a distinctive character and chou is the clown or a negative character. Each type of role has its own facial make-up and costume that expose its identity as soon as he/she appears on the stage. One major characteristic of Peking Opera is the color painted on the face of a character that shows personalities, qualities, role and fate. It is also the key to understanding the plot. To put it simply, red is appreciative, standing for loyalty and valor; black represents a neutral

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六级汉译英翻译：茶馆文化

中国很多地区依然保留传统的茶馆文化，尤其是在四川省的省会成都，茶馆遍布城市的各个角落：路边、桥下、公园里，甚至寺院和其他历史景点。泡茶馆（relaxing in teahouse）是市民最喜欢的消遣方式之一。工作日的下午三点钟，茶馆里往往人满为患。当地人悠闲地坐在古色古香竹椅里，所用的茶具本身可能也是古董（antique）。服务人员托着一大堆茶具急匆匆地跑来跑去，将长嘴壶（long-spout kettle）里倒出来的水注满茶杯，为顾客冲泡当地最优质的茶叶。

Conservative teahouse culture still exists in many parts of China, especially in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province. Teahouses are everywhere: on the sides of roads, under bridges, in the parks and even inside temples and other historical sites。Relaxing in teahouses is one of the favorite pastimes of the local in Chengdu. A teahouse full to the brim-at three o?clock on a workday afternoon-is nothing out of the ordinary. Locals sit on quaint little bamboo chairs and drink from traditional tea sets that could well be antiques in their own right. Teahouse waiters scurry around with trays of a dozen-odd tea sets, and top up brews with hot water poured from long-spout kettles, serving up the finest varieties of local tea produce.

六级汉译英翻译：中国诗歌

中国是诗的国度。尤其到了唐代，中国古典诗歌进入了全盛时期（heyday）。唐代三百年间，涌现出大批优秀诗人和杰出的诗歌作品。唐代诗歌数量极大，题材广泛，意象（image）和风格多样化，出现大量思想性和艺术性完美结合的作品，真正是一个诗歌的黄金时代。唐诗是中国人的千古绝唱。唐代的伟大诗人不胜枚举，其中以李白、杜甫、王维的诗歌所蕴含的中国文化的意味和情趣，最具代表性。

China is a country of poetry. Especially in the Tang dynasty, Chinese classical poetry reaches its heyday. During the three hundred years of the Tang dynasty featured large quantities, broad themes and diversified images and styles, and many masterpieces with perfect combination of great thoughts and artistry emerged, which presents us a golden age of Chinese classical poetry. Poetry of the Tang dynasty is Chinese eternal legacies. Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei are the representatives of great poets of the Tang dynasty with the unique meaning and temperament of Chinese culture in their poems.

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六级汉译英翻译：中国园林

中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，主要有皇家园林（imperial garden）、寺院园林和私家园林。现存的皇家园林如北京颐和园，就是举世闻名的园林。中国的佛教和道教寺院也多建有园林，如杭州灵隐寺。在这中间，私家园林独具风味。今天在江南（South of the Yangtze River）和长江沿岸的苏州、扬州等地所见的园林，多是明清两代留下的，它们如同一幅幅山水画（the landscape painting）,展现其独特的魅力。中国园林艺术有丰富独特的创造，是理解中华民族美感特点的一个重要领域。

Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2000 years ago, mainly including three styles of garden: the imperial garden, the temple garden and the private garden. The imperial garden extant today like the Summer Palace in Beijing is one of the world-famous gardens. Many gardens were also built in China?s Buddhist and Taoist temples, such as the Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. While among the Chinese gardens, the private gardens are mostly legacies from the Ming and Qing dynasties. They resemble the landscape paintings with distinct charm. Rich and unique creativity could be found in Chinese gardens, which is an important field to understand Chinese aesthetics.

六级汉译英翻译：中国艺术

中国人创造了很多独特的艺术形式，如纯净的瓷器（porcelain），千古传诵的唐诗（Tang poetry）, 以演员表演为中心的京剧等。这些艺术形式呈现了中国人的心灵世界，显现了中国人的独特的美感，成为展示中国人的生命力和创造力的窗口，具有永恒的美丽。中国人将艺术当作提升人生境界、慰藉（soothe）心灵的媒介，艺术是中国人人生哲学的延伸。中国的艺术传统，是一部记载着中国人生活品味和美感世界的活的图画，反映出了中国人的优雅心态。

The Chinese have created many unique forms of art, such as pure porcelain, enduring Tang poetry and actor-centered Peking Opera, etc. These art forms, with everlasting beauty, reveal the inner world of the Chinese people, demonstrate their unique sense of aesthetics and become the windows that show the vitality and creativity of Chinese people. The Chinese regard art as a way to enhance the quality of life and to soothe the mind. Chinese art is an extension of Chinese philosophy on life. Chinese art tradition is a vivid picture of the inner world of Chinese people?s lifestyle and aesthetics, reflecting Chinese elegance.

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六级汉译英翻译：郑和下西洋

公元1405年7月11日，地球蓝色的海洋上出现了一支庞大的船队，前后有208艘船，这是有史以来最大的一支船队；船上所载的各类人员有27500多人，也是有史以来最多的航海人员。船队由一位叫郑和的人统帅。船队带着中国这个古老国家的瓷器（porcelain）、丝绸。茶叶等数不尽的珍奇，穿越岛屿众多的南海、马六甲海峡（the Strait of Malacca）,横渡印度洋、到达亚洲等的很多国家。在此后的28年间，郑和一共六次下西洋，随船人员共计10万多人，访问了30多个国家。

On the July 11, 1405, a huge fleet of 208 ships appeared on the blue seas of the earth. It was the greatest fleet with the largest crews of 27500 all kinds of staff that the word had ever seen. The commander of this fleet was Zheng He. Carrying porcelain, silk, tea and numerous other treasures from China, a country with long history, the fleet passed through the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca with numerous islands, and traversed Indian Ocean to arrive at the countries in Asia and Africa. Over the next 28 years, he led other six more fleets with crews adding up to more than 100 000 people, and visited more than 30 countries. 六级汉译英翻译：中国汉字

近年来，随着经济的快速增长，中国的国际影响力提升了，世界上学汉字的人也多了起来。这套独特的符号系统，积淀了丰富的历史文化内容，西方人在学汉字的过程中，甚至能体会到这个东方民族微妙心灵。如今在中国，汉字也越来越受到人们的重视。人们发现，这一文字符号，包含着丰富的文化内涵和审美意蕴，在科技飞速发展的今天，反而越来越显示出它的光彩。古老的文字，在现代的文化生活中焕发了新的魅力。

With its rapid economic development in recent years, China?s international influence has greatly increased, so the numbers of Chinese characters learners across the world have been on the rise. This unique symbol system accumulates the rich historic and cultural content in it. When Western people learn Chinese characters, they may understand the delicate thoughts of this oriental nation. Nowadays, great importance is attached to Chinese characters in China. It is found that the glamour of this character symbols with rich cultural and aesthetic connotation is greatly shown instead in the current society with rapid scientific development. These ancient characters are revitalized in modern civilization.

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六级汉译英翻译：茶文化

茶原产于中国。四千多年前，中国人就开始有饮茶的习惯了。唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同样是引入的禅宗思想（Zen Buddhism）相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道（Japanese tea ceremony）。17世纪时，荷兰人将中国人饮茶的习惯带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统，比如英国人的下午茶。在19世纪之前，世界各地引用的茶叶都来自中国，英文中茶叶的读音就是根据福建方言中茶的读音而来的。茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。

Tea is originally produced in China. Ancient Chinese people formed a habit of drinking tea early in about 4000 years ago. During the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan, thus combined with Zen Buddhism which was also introduced to Japan, so the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony was created. In the 17th century, the Dutch businessmen took the Chinese habit of drinking tea to Europe, thus forming the European custom of drinking tea, such as afternoon tea in Britain. Before the 19th century, all the tea in the world was produced in China. The pronunciation of “tea” in English is derived from Fujian dialect. Tea is an important contribution made by the Chinese people to the world 六级汉译英翻译：长城

说到中国文化，不得不提到长城。从公元前7世纪到公元16世纪，在大约2200年的时间里，先后有19个朝代修过长城，所修的长城累计有10万千米以上。三次浩大的长城修建工程，是在秦代、汉代和明代。现今存有遗迹的主要是明长城，从东边入海口的山海关（Shanhai Pass）开始，一直到沙漠深处的嘉峪关（Jiayu Pass），全长6700千米。长城是世界历史上最伟大的工程，延续时间之长、参与人数之多、工程难度之大，在世界无出其右。

When it comes to Chinese culture, the Great Wall is the more that is definitely referred to. From the 7th century BC to the 16th century AD, through about 2200 years, the Great Wall was built in 19 dynasties and reached the length more than 100000 kilometers. Three major constructions and renovation were carried out in Qin, Han and Ming dynasties. The Great Wall we visit nowadays is mainly the Great Wall of Ming dynasty, stretching 6700 kilometers from Shanghai Pass on the eastern seashore to Jiayu Pass in the depth of desert. The Great Wall is the greatest project in the history of the world, for its unparalleled span of construction, numbers of labor and difficulty.

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六级汉译英翻译：四大发明

说到中国古代的科技文明，就不能不说到四大发明（the Four Great Inventions）。人们普遍认为，指南针、火药（gunpowder）、造纸术和印刷术的发明，对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用；并且这些发明经由各种途径传至西方，也影响着世界的文明进程。从历史发展来看，中国古代的四大发明，在人类科学文化史上留下了灿烂的一页，推动了人类历史的前进。 When it comes to science and technology in ancient China, the Four Great Inventions, including the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing should always be discussed. It is believed that the Four Great Inventions promote the development of Chinese ancient politics, economy and culture dramatically; moreover, these inventions have great impact on the civilization of the world since they have been introduced into western world in various ways. From the perspective of historical development, the Four Great Inventions of ancient China are scientific inventions that bring revolutionary changes to the social life of human beings, which are the great contributions Chinese made to the civilization of the world. The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are brilliant in human science and culture history and promote the progress of human history. 六级汉译英翻译：文化概述

在中国五千年的文明史上，中国人有无数的发明和创造，如汉字、中医、丝绸、瓷器（porcelain）、指南针、造纸术、印刷术、火药（gunpowder）等。这些独特的发明和创造是中国人对世界文明的伟大贡献，证明中华民族是一个富于原创性的民族。与此同时，中国人又有一种开放的心胸，欢迎远方来的朋友，并以极高的热情吸收和包容外来的文化。大唐盛世和郑和七下西洋都表明，中华文明具有一种开放性和伟大的包容性。

Over a history of 5000 years, Chinese people have produced numerous inventions. These unique inventions, including Chinese characters, traditional Chinese medicine, silk, porcelain, the compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder, are the significant contributions Chinese made to the global civilization, proving that Chinese nation is full of creativity. In the meanwhile, the Chinese people have always kept an open mind towards foreign friends and absorb foreign cultures with a high enthusiasm. Both of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty and Zheng He?s seven long voyages to the

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West in the Ming Dynasty， demonstrate the openness and inclusiveness of the Chinese culture.

六级汉译英翻译：中国园林

中国园林（the Chinese garden）是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观（landscape）。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建成的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山（rockwork）、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷（scroll）一般展现在面前。

The Chinese garden has become a landscape of unique style after evolving for more than 3000 years. It includes not only the large gardens built as entertainment venues for the royal family, but also the private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature designed to express the harmonious relationship between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls, and in the garden there are ponds, rockwork, trees, flowers and all kinds of buildings linked by winding trails and corridors. Wandering in the gardens, you may see that a series of well-designed scenery spreads out like a landscape scroll. 六级汉译英翻译：中国书法 从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。

In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study. As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.

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六级汉译英翻译：赵州桥

赵州桥坐落在洨河上，距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长50.82米，宽10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高7.23米，跨度为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆和柱子上雕刻着美丽的龙凤图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥之一，在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。

Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiao River about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of Zhaoxian county. The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616. Designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, it?s made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 meters high with a span of 37.35 meters. The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs. One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in the history of Chinese bridge building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.

六级汉译英翻译：公园免费开放 长久以来，人们一直对市区公园是否应该收门票的话题争论不休。一些人认为市区公园是用纳税人的钱建立起来的，是供人们休闲、娱乐的公共场所，因此应该是免费的。另一方面，还有一些人称，考虑到中国人口众多，公民责任意识淡薄的情况，一旦免费开放市区公园，这些公园会管理不善，将不可避免地受到损坏。综合考虑两种观点，我较认同后者。可以确定的是市区公园免费开放要与经济发展情况相适应，因为这需要财政的支持。因此，以中国现有的经济水平，免费开放市区公园的目标要逐步实现。

The question whether urban parks should charge an entrance fee or not has been a source of controversy for a long time. On the one hand, some people claim that urban parks, supposed to be places where people have leisure and entertainment, are public establishments that have been created with taxpayers? money and thus should be free. On the other hand, some others maintain that, considering China?s large population and lack of a sense of civic duty, once the parks are free of charge, they will not be properly managed and will inevitably be damaged. When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to the latter view. It?s certain that free entry to urban parks should proceed with economic development, as it needs financial support. Hence, the current economic level in China reflects that free entry to parks can only be realized step by step.

六级汉译英翻译：民生问题

邓小平同志曾说：“社会主义财富属于人民，社会主义的致富是全民共同致富。”构建和谐社会，就是要把民生问题作为重中之重，让广大人民群众有活干，有学上，有饭吃，有衣穿，有屋住，病有医，老有养，生活幸福，都过上好日子。自此，在就业、教育、收入分配、医疗、养老、住房等领域，一大批关注民生的实事工程接连开工，一件件事关百姓冷暖的民生大事让各族群众喜笑颜开。

Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said, “Socialist wealth belongs to the people, the socialist prosperity is the universal common prosperity.” Building a harmonious society is to regard people?s livelihood as the priority among priorities, to help the

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masses live a happy life of having jobs, going to school, having food to eat, having clothes to wear, having houses to live in, and can be cured when in disease, and can be cared when they are old. From then on, in the fields of employment, education, income distribution, health care, pension, and housing, etc., a large number of practical projects focusing on livelihood have been started one by one; every activity about people?s livelihood has lighted people of all nationalities up with pleasure. 六级汉译英翻译：中国梦

几千年的中国文化充实着中国梦，同时，过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着中国梦。中国梦最显著的特征是包容性和双赢合作。这些也是使中国梦扩大它的全球影响范围和被其他国家的人民认可的基本特征。中国梦是民族复兴的梦。它是建设一个强大繁荣的国家，给中国人民带来幸福生活的梦。中国梦需要维持稳定健康的经济发展，科学管理社会，以及有效应对外部发展的风险和挑战。

The Chinese dream has been enriched by thousands of years of Chinese culture and inspired among other things by the past three decades of reform and opening-up. The most noticeable features of the Chinese dream include inclusiveness and win-win cooperation. These are the very features that will enable the Chinese dream to expand its global reach and be recognized by people of other nations. The Chinese dream is the dream of national rejuvenation. It is the dream of building a powerful and prosperous state, a dream of bringing happiness in the lives of the Chinese people. It entails sustaining steady and healthy economic growth, scientifically managing the Chinese society, and effectively responding to the risks and challenges of external 六级汉译英翻译：中国人口老龄化 如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。

Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the family planning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances. However, the survey shows that some couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem, the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.

六级汉译英翻译：清明节

清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的，除了讲究禁火、扫墓，还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。相传这是因为清明节要寒食禁火，为了防止寒食冷藏伤身，所以大家来参加一些体育活动，以锻炼身体。因此，这个节日既有祭扫新坟生别死离得悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。

Ching Ming Festival (the Tomb-sweeping Festival), the custom is full of interesting. In addition to pay attention to ban fire, tomb-sweeping, as well as spring outing, swinging, Cuju, playing polo, Liu inserted a series of custom sports. According to

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legend, this is because the Ching Ming Festival to Cold Food Observance ban fire, in order to prevent the Cold Food Observance buffet beverages, so we come to participate in some sports, in order to exercise. Therefore, this festival which has both the acid tears of sorrow for the died and the laughter from the players, is a distinctive holiday.

六级汉译英翻译：读书之道

切勿对作者颐指气使，努力去适应他。要与他合作，合伙创作。如果从一开始就踌躇不前，甚至横加批评，你只会阻碍自己从所读书籍中获取最大的价值，相反，如果你尽可能敞开心扉，你就能从最初语句中的曲折起伏捕捉到几乎难以察觉到的信号和暗示，从而直面一位不同寻常的人。

Do not dictate to your author,try to become him.Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.If you hang back,and reserve and criticize at first,you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.But if you open your mind as widely as possible,then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness,from the twist and turn of the first sentences,will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.

六级汉译英翻译：读书要摒除先人之见

然而，很少有人从书中去了解读书可以给与我们什么东西。通常，我们在读书时思路不清，心怀抵触，要求小说应该真实，要求诗歌应该虚假，要求传记应该吹捧，要求史书应该执行我们的各种偏见。如果读书能够摒除所有这些先人之见，那将是值得赞赏的开始。

Yet few people know what books can give us.Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds,asking of fiction that it shall be true,of poetry that it shall be false,of biography that it shall be flattering,of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read,that would be an admirable beginning.

六级汉译英翻译：工作中的偏见 同样，在工作中还存在偏见和沙文主义。我们总以为在女经理与男经理之间实现了平等，但事实并非如此。玻璃(有人说混凝土)天花板在许多地方仍然存在着。所以，如果你处于少数，则应该细想一下它会怎样影响你事业上的发展机会。不要怨恨和觉得痛苦，但一定不要让自己闲着。这也许是应该辞职去寻找更好的工作的时候了。

Also, prejudice and chauvinism still exist in the workplace. While we like to think women managers have achieved parity with men, this isn\\'t true. The glass (some say concrete) ceiling stull exists in many places. So, if you\\'re a minority, consider how this is affecting your advancement chances. Don\\'t be bitter, but do get busy. It may be time to get out and find something better. 四级汉译英翻译：孔子

孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。

Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy

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built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West. 四级汉译英翻译：京剧

京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装（costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with peo?ple. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent di?vinity and Buddhism. 四级汉译英翻译：子女探望父母

这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须经常探望年龄超过60岁的父母，并确保他们经济和精神上的需求得到满足。星期二，新华社报导了_条新闻，来自江苏市无锡市的一位77岁的老太太起诉她的女儿忽略她。这是新法律生效后的第一起案件，当地法院规定她的女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并提供财力支持。但是这项法律引发了争议。有人说这给了那些因为工作、学习或者其他原因搬离家乡的人更多压力。

A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the law?s introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities. 四级汉译英翻译：茶马古道

茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。 Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo

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River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain. 四级汉译英翻译：四合院

四合院是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合院之间的狭窄的街道被称为“胡同”。_个四合院有园林包围着四个房子，有高高的围墙保护。四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的，有超过700多年的历史，但是由于现在的城市改造和中国经济的发展，四合院慢慢地从北京消失。

Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential hous?ing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty. The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong，?s. A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls. Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the ur?ban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.

四级汉译英翻译：中国经济放缓

就像向中国出售商品的公司会看到收益有损失一样，中国经济活动放缓有着世界性的影响。包括澳大利亚、巴西和东南亚在内的其他国家近年来都看到了巨大的利润，因为中国对自然资源有需求。中国的需求下降巳经对很多商品的价格有了影响。上周，中国财政部长楼继伟表示,今年的经济增长可能为7%,而这不一定是“底线”。

A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may see revenues suffer. Countries including Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources. The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities. Last week，China?s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”.

四级汉译英翻译：中国扇子

中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作“扇汗”（Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来 “扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称为中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装饰。

The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit like today?s umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor?s honour guard as decoration. 四级汉译英翻译：法定假日

中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周末和11天的节假日。中国一年中有7个法定假日，包括元旦(New Year?s Day),春节（Spring Festival),

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清明节（Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假_般约在7月1 日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1 月或2月。

Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Year?s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day. Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave. Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months. The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.

四级汉译英翻译：中国服务产业

上个月中国服务产业有了较快增长，这加快了国家经济增长。 根据北京国家统计局(Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics)和中 国物流与采购联合会(China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing)的 数据，非制造业釆购经理人指数(the non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers\二月份的时候从54.5上升到55.6，而摩根斯坦利亚太指数（the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes)从 52.1上升到54.3，达到5月以来的最高水平。

The Chinese service industries grew at a faster pace last month which helped to accelerate the nation?s economy growth. According to the figures from Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics and China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the non-manufacturing Purchas?ing Managers? Index rose to 55.6 from 54.5 in February, while the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes rose to from 52.1 to 54.3, its highest level since May.

四级汉译英翻译：中国家庭文化

在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔(descendants) 居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治(autonomous)家族制度是 中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。这和 西方文化是一样的。如今在中国，孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法 律上都是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们 的姓氏都是一样的。

In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big fam?ily system. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow their father?s fam?ily name. This is the same as western culture. Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father?s family name or mother?s family name. Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.

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清明节（Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假_般约在7月1 日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1 月或2月。

Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Year?s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day. Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave. Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months. The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.

四级汉译英翻译：中国服务产业

上个月中国服务产业有了较快增长，这加快了国家经济增长。 根据北京国家统计局(Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics)和中 国物流与采购联合会(China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing)的 数据，非制造业釆购经理人指数(the non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers\二月份的时候从54.5上升到55.6，而摩根斯坦利亚太指数（the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes)从 52.1上升到54.3，达到5月以来的最高水平。

The Chinese service industries grew at a faster pace last month which helped to accelerate the nation?s economy growth. According to the figures from Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics and China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the non-manufacturing Purchas?ing Managers? Index rose to 55.6 from 54.5 in February, while the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes rose to from 52.1 to 54.3, its highest level since May.

四级汉译英翻译：中国家庭文化

在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔(descendants) 居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治(autonomous)家族制度是 中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。这和 西方文化是一样的。如今在中国，孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法 律上都是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们 的姓氏都是一样的。

In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big fam?ily system. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow their father?s fam?ily name. This is the same as western culture. Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father?s family name or mother?s family name. Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.

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