基于PLC及WinCC的冷加工生产线上钻孔动力头的加工过程

分布式控制课程设计

设 计 题 目：学 校：院 系：设 计 人 员：指 导 教 师：

冷加工生产线上钻孔动力头的加工过程

目 录

任务描述 ··························································································································································· 1 控制任务和要求 ··············································································································································· 1 方案分析 ··························································································································································· 2 硬件配置及I/O接线图 ·································································································································· 2 （1）PLC外部接线图·························································································································· 2 （2）系统硬件配置 ······························································································································ 2 I/0地址分配 ····················································································································································· 4 程序设计 ··························································································································································· 5 （1）创建符号表 ·································································································································· 5 （2）定义OB1的属性表 ···················································································································· 5 （3）创建组织块OB1 ························································································································· 6 STEP 7仿真调试及运行 ································································································································ 7 （1）调试方案确定 ······························································································································ 7 （2）软件仿真调试 ······························································································································ 7 SIMATIC WINCC仿真 ································································································································· 8 （1）创建新的驱动程序 ······················································································································ 8 （2）建立变量表 ·································································································································· 8 （3）创建运行画面 ······························································································································ 8 设计总结 ························································································································································· 10 参考文献 ························································································································································· 11

任务描述

在各种形式的工件加工过程中，以快进—工进—快退作为生产流动方式的工艺过程得到了广泛的应用。设计控制器的原则是：

（1）可以根据实际工艺过程，设定具体的控制点。 （2）各具体要求的工艺过程能够很好的保持彼此间的关系。 （3）根据总体规模的大小要求，能够自由调整控制点个数。

为简单起见，将限位开关假设为一开关按钮，系统组成如图1所示。在每动力头碰到限位开关时，相应的按钮被按下；同是将电磁阀表示为一闪烁文本，如果某一电磁阀得电并保持则，相应的文本保持闪烁状态。

图1 系统组成

控制任务和要求

(1)动力头在原为（压下限位开关SL0）时，按启动按钮，接通电磁阀YV1，动力头快进。 (2)动力头碰到限位开关SL1后，接通电磁阀YV1和YV2，动力头由快进转为共进。 (3)动力头碰到限位开关SL2后，延时10s。

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(4)延时时间到，接通电磁阀YV3，动力头快退。 (5)动力头退回到原位后（碰到限位开关SL0）停车。

方案分析

动力头加工过程控制装置是由两大部分组成：电动机起停和限位开关。电动机起停主要有关不同工位电动机的开关与工件所在位置的关系。能完成任务中的相应要求，避免不工作的工位电机也保持转动。限位开关主要用于判断工件所处的工位。两个主要块在编写程序的过程中需注意以下几点：

a、各工位要有准确的顺序，不能存在逻辑上的混乱。

b、当退回是，一定要确保进位电磁阀保持断开，形成互锁，以免破坏系统。

c、尽可能的简短PLC的扫描周期，以便提高系统的运算速度。d、减少暂时不产生作用却仍处接通状态的继电器的数量，以此减少能耗，使程序更加合理。

硬件配置及I/O接线图

（1）PLC外部接线图

根据控制要求、控制台设计描述，PLC外部接线图如图2所示。用小开关模拟各输入信

号，通过观察LED及蜂鸣器，检查程序的运行情况。

图2 PLC的输入/输出接线图

（2）系统硬件配置

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本系统对PLC的I/O总要求为：6个开关量输入点，5个开关量输出点。综合考虑各方面因素及进一步发展的要求，设计选择西门子S7—300系列PLC为控制核心，CPU模块可选用CPU315—2，具体配置如图3所列。

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现实情况相类似。并在画面中的按钮分别与（2）中建立的变量建立连接，以产生运行效果。最后将该画面“保存”后设为“启动画面”。

图15 创建新的驱动程序

图16 建立新的WinCC变量

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图17 创建仿真运行画面

设计总结

经过几个星期的奋斗，终于要完成设计了，也终于可以松了一口气，俗话说：“万事开头难。”这话一点也不假，回想当初拿到这个题的时个，本以为是挺容易的，可真准备开始做了，却发现不知怎下手，尤其是当老师给我们讲组态方面的知识时，以为很简单，却发现即使花了两周时间也没有头绪，最后采用了先采集资料、进行实际考察后设计的方法。

查找资料也是一件繁琐的事情，虽说网上有资料但要找到一些真正有用的资料也不是一件容易的事，需要耐心查找。

设计基本完成后我们遍进入了调试阶段，不过调试的时候却发现结果和想的有所不同，通过监控和修改才得出了需要的设计。这次的设计让我们增长了实践技能，还增加了有关交通知识，这些对于我们真是受益匪浅。最后，我们觉得，不见风雨，怎么能见彩虹呢？我把体会用十个字概括：天下无难事，只怕有心人。

通过这次设计实践，我加强了PLC的基本编程方法认识，对PLC的工作原理和使用方法也有了更深刻的理解。在对理论的运用中，提高了我们的工程素质，在没做实践设计以前，我们对知道的都是思想上的，对一些细节不加重视，当我们把自己想出来的程序用到PLC中时，问题出现了，不是不能运行，就是运行的结果和要求结果不相符合。通过解决一个个在调试中出现的问题，我们对PLC的理解得到了加强，看到了实践与理论的差距。

一次又一次的学习，探索又 ，我们慢慢地在体会，研究和感悟，终于开始领会到将近成功的那一份喜悦，从撰写开 报告，查找资料，程序设计，到整理每一个次的调试，我们学会了细心和耐心，也品尝到了酸、甜、苦、辣，无数的成功与失败更加肯定了我们 的研究成果。兴趣是自发形成的，而默契是慢慢培养出来的。当前的社会，科技迅速发展，知识更新速度大大加快，只有我们共同去探索，用自己的双手去征服每一片天空，用我们新的力量去打造一片创新的领域。

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参考文献

1 王兆义，杨新志 . 小型可编程控制器实用技术 . 北京：机械工业出版社，2006.10 2 廖常初. S7—300/400 PLC 应用技术. 北京：机械工业出版社，2011.12

3 西门子（中国）自动化与驱动集团编 . 深入浅出西门子S7—300 PLC . 北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004.8

4 甄立东 . 西门子WinCC V7基础与应用.机械工业出版社，2011.1

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