unit4同步，学生用 权信教育

初二英语同步学案

Unit 4

一、复习展示

1. 按要求完成下面习题(在括号内填出该词的词性） 中译英

滑稽的 ( ) 创造 ( ) 舒适的 ( )

发明 ( )有用的 ( ) 距离 ( )

发展 ( )特殊的 ( )世纪 ( )

乘客 ( )电话 ( ) 灯 ( ) 自……以来 ( )引言 ( )移动手机 ( )

短语复习

自那以来 与……保持联系 同时 全世界

19世纪初 过上更美好的日子 和……一样多的事 几百万人 in the daytime keep……off \\

2. 单词拼写。

(1）The wheel is one of the greatest i in history. (2) After the wheel was invented, travelling became faster and c . (3) Thomas Edison d the first light bulb in 1879. (4）The bus stopped every few minutes to pick up p . (5) Your advice sound p . I’ll do as you said.

(6) By chatting online, we can see the speakers over long d . (7)The modern city was only a small village in a times.

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(8) Cars make our life quite convenient, but they also c many problems.

(9)When buying a book, it is necessary to read the i first. (10)The watch was given by m grandpa; so it is very s .

二、知识探究 Reading

Language points

1. They help people live a better life. （P51） help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 【拓展】

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 ask sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 【注意】

help sb. do sth. /ask sb. do sth./ make sb. do sth./ let sb. do sth. 在主动句中用动词

原形，但是在被动语态中必须加to do 形式。 例如：

His mother asks him wash the dishes.他的妈妈让他洗碗。 He is asked to wash the dishes. 他被妈妈叫去洗碗。

即学即练： 完成句子

1）Tom 帮助他的弟弟做家庭作业。 Tom his brother his homework. Tom his brother his homework. 2) Jack 帮助Linda 学习英语。

Linda English by Jack. 2. The following are three of the most important inventions in history.(P51)

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数词+of + 最高级+复数名词： 最怎么样的之一。

例如：He is one of the most handsome boys in our class. 他是我们班最帅的男孩子之一。

They are two of the best singers in the world. 她们是世界上最优秀的两位歌手。 【注意】

of 后面一定要加最高级和复数名词。 例如：

错：She is one of the best footballer in our country. 正：She is one of the best footballers in our country. 错：She is one of the better footballers in our country. 正：She is one of the best footballers in our country.

即学即练：

1) The Great Wall is one of the most famous in the world. A. the building B. building C. buildings D. the buildings 2) Is Henrry one of basketballers in the USA?

A. the more best B.the most best C. the better D. the best 3) Computer and telephone are two of in people’s life. A. the most important; invention B. the most important; inventions C. the more important; invention

3. The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. （P51） perhaps 的用法

perhaps“或许”，含有“可能这样，也可能不这样”之意，其含义和用法与maybe一样，多用于口语

D. the more important; inventions

【拓展】

这几个副词都有“可能”的意思，用法如下：

possible“或许；也许”，所指的可能性较小，为加强语气，可与can或could连用； 与may连用，表示的可能性更小。

例如： It may possibly be true．也许是真的。

Please call me as soon as you possibly can．请尽快给我打电话。

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Could you possibly tell me the answer﹖你能告诉我这个答案吗？

probably“很有可能；十之八九”，其语义较强，可能性较大。在否定句中，probably不能紧跟在否定词之后。例如：

It will probably be fine tomorrow．明天大概会是晴天。 译：她大概不会来这里。 正：Probably she won’t come here． 正：She probably won’t come here． 正：She won’t come here probably． 误：She won’t probably come here．

maybe多用于美国英语。在这几个单词中，语义最强的是probably，其次是perhaps和maybe，最弱的是possibly。例如：

Perhaps we will be late for work．或许我们上班会迟到。 Perhaps we’d better take a bus．也许我们最好乘公共汽车。 即学即练： 翻译句子

1) 因为他但是不在，可能他还不知道这件事。

2) 他可能不太关心这件事。

4. Without the wheel, we would not have these inventions.(P51) without 的用法： without 介词 无，没

1)（表否定）没有，无，不需。如：

The letter was posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。 We got there without any trouble. 我们到了那儿，一路上没遇到任何麻烦。 You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella. 雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的。

2) 因为without是介词，所以，可以与v-ing形式连用. 如：

It goes without saying that health is above wealth. 健康胜于财富这个道理是无需多说的。

They had to stand for hours without changing position. 他们得一动不动地站几个

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小时。

It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。

3)（用在no, not, never等否定副词之后，强调肯定）没有……不，没有……则不能……，每…… 必定……。如：

The old man cannot walk without a stick. 那位老先生离开手杖就走不了路。 Don't go out without a coat, you'll catch your death. 别不穿外套出去，会得重感冒的。

I never see this picture without thinking of him. 每次看到这张照片，我都会想起他。

4)（表条件）若无，若非。如：

I don't like to go to a country without knowing something of the language. 我要是不懂得一点那个国家的语言，就不想到那个国家去。 Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？

即学即练： 中译英 1)

没有水，我们就活不了。

_____________________________________________________________________ 2)

人不冒险不富。

_____________________________________________________________________ 3)

他不敲门就进房间了。

_____________________________________________________________________ 4)

我突然意识到，一点钱都没有带出来。

________________________________________________

5.Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876.(P51) 1)invent：动词，“发明”，表示发明了以前没有或者不存在的事物。 【拓展】

invent;discover;find;find out 的用法区别：

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Discover：动词，“发现”，指发现已经存在但不为人知的事物，有时也指认识到某种情况。

Find：动词，“发现”，指通过寻找发现某人、某物。 find out：“发现” 指揭露出隐藏的事物。 即学即练：

用适当的单词或短语填空： Edison the light bulb.

They the lost boy in the cave.

Scientists have that the disease is carried by rats.

He was stealing money from the company for years before they found him out. 2) practical ：形容词，“有用的，实用的” 【拓展】

Practice: 名词，练习，习惯 Practise:动词， 练习，实践

在美式英语中，practice也可作为动词用，= practise 即学即练： 完成句子

学英语要有一些实用的方法很重要。

It’s important to have some ways to learn English. 球队正在训练，备战周五的重大比赛。

The team is for their big game on Friday. 熟能生巧

makes perfect. 我女儿每天练习钢琴。

My daughter playing the piano every day.

6.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.(P51) 1) allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。

在这个结构中，to do sth.是动词的不定式作宾语补足语。 即学即练： 完成句子：

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妈妈允许我每天看一个小时电视。

My mother TV one hour a day. 酒后驾车是不被允许的。

Driving after drinking . 2) keep in touch with: 与.....保持联系。 【拓展】

get in touch with: 和某人取得联系，强调动作，而keep in touch with强调状态。 即学即练： 完成句子：

他们总是通过邮件保持联系。

They always each other by E-mail. 两个男孩保证回美国后再和对方联系。

The two boys promised to again each other when they both returned to the States.

7. Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879.(P51) develop: 动词，开发，研制 【拓展】

develop还有“发展，壮大”的意思 development：名词，发展，开发 即学即练： 完成句子

1) 公司正在研发一款新软件。

The company a new software. 2)在世界上发展中国家很多

There are many country in the world. 3)你打算怎样来发展壮大自己的公司。

What are your plans for the of your company? 8. They also created a lot of problems.(P52) create: 动词，创作

He is creating a whole new language of painting.他正在创造一种全新的绘画语言。 【拓展】

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creation：名词，创造，创造物

creative: 形容词，有创造力的，创造性的 creator：名词，创造者 即学即练：

This job is useful and .

Walt Disney is the of the Mickey Mouse. Is important for many jobs.

It is really great for a radio producer to a show like this.

9. Listen to advertisements for four funny inventions and complete their names.(P54) funny: 形容词，意为“有趣的，滑稽的，奇怪的”，偏重指通俗的有意思。 It’s funny to see a man walk with his hands.看见一个人倒立走路很滑稽。 【拓展】

都含有“好玩”的意思的词：

fun: 名词，而且不可数，意为“有趣的事”。作形容词时，意为“逗乐的，有趣的”。 interesting: 形容词，意为“有趣的”，偏重指比较高雅的有趣，令人感兴趣。 即学即练： 完成句子：

夏天在河里游泳很好玩。

It is great to swim in a river in summer. 看见一个男人留长头发很搞笑。 It is to see a man with long hair. 观察蚂蚁是很有趣的事。 It is to watch ants.

10. The first invention can keep the dust off your shoes.(P54) keep....off: 使....不接近，远离 Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草坪！ 【拓展】 易混淆词辨析：

Keep away from: 使离开，使远离，站开 Keep ....out: 把....挡在外面 即学即练：

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完成句子

我的医生劝我别吃糖。

My doctor has warned me to sugar. 冬天我们穿上厚衣服御寒。

In winter we wear heavy clothes to the cold . 我让孩子们远离火。

I told the children to the fire.

Speaking &Writing & More practice

1. Instead of petrol, the car uses solar power.(P60) Instead of :介词词组，意为“而不是”，它后面常接宾语，其宾语多为名词、代词、介词、短语、动词+ing 形式充当。 【拓展】

Instead :作副词用，意为“代替，替代”，通常位于句尾。如位于句首常用逗号隔开。

Instead和Instead of 经常可以互换。 即学即练： 完成句子

Lily不在这儿，去问Lucy吧。 Lily isn’t here. Ask Lucy . 我会呆在家，而不是去看电影。

I’ll stay at home seeing the movie.

2. His brother, George, helped him develop a special ink.(P61) Special: 形容词，特殊的，特别的 妈妈的生日这天对我来说很特别。 Mother’s birthday is very spacial to me. Specially:副词，特别地，专门地，特意地。 王老师，这张卡片是我专门为您做的。 Miss Wang, the card is specially made for you. 即学即练： 完成句子

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这么说你并没有发现他有什么异常之处了？ So you didn’t notice anything about him? 这所学校是专门为那些有特殊问题的孩子们开的。 The school is for the children with special problems.

三、巩固提升 1.单项选择

（ ）1. We all know that Edison the electric light bulb. A.made B.invented C. found D.found out

( )2. They are spending their holiday in a hotel near the sea now. How nice!

A.scientific B.expensive C. comfortable D.common ( )3. Fun it is to collect so many stamps in such a short time! A.What a B.What C.How D.How a ( )4.You can get some good that we need on the Internet. A.information B.people C.distance D.shopping ( )5.WeChat is a very good way for friends to keep in . A.talk B.look C.visit D.touch

( )6. My watch was missing, I it here and there, but found it . A.looked for; somewhere B.looked for ; nowwhere

C.looked at; anywhere D.looked at; everywhere

( )7.We made a fire to wild animals.

A. keep off B.keep out C.keep away D.keep back

( )8.You can’t watch television and do your homework. A.at a time B.at one time C.at the same time D.at no time ( )9.People light a candle inside the Kongming Lantern the air and make it rise.

A.heat B.to heat C.heating D.heats ( )10.Can you living without water or electricity? A.imagine B. Think C.believe D.guess

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2从每组词中选出正确的单词并用正确的形式填空 A． fun/funny

(1) What great it is to have a cold drink after a football match! (2) That’s .-----he was here just now and now he is gone. (3) The party was .We had a great time there. B.create/creation/creative/creator/creatively

(1)The cake was a delicious of cream and fruit. (2)The girl is very .------She writes poems and paints. (3)The government plans more jobs for young people next year. (4)It’s important for a teacher to teach the students t think . (5)Ian Fleming is the of James Bond. C.advertise/advertiser/advertisement

(1)Miss Parrish recently placed an in the local newspaper. (2)It is not allowed to cigarettes on television. (3)Protect ＆gamble is the largest in the world. D.dust/dusty

(1)She ,she cleaned, and she did the washing-up. (2)They were sitting side by side on the floor. (3)There was no one in the room and the table was covered with thick

3.翻译句子。

（1）你认为谁是你班上篮球打得最好的人？（do you think）

(2) 他们两天没吃东西了。(without)

（3）他不辞而别。（without）

（4）学校不让我们在上课时用手机（allow）

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（5）我今天要早点睡，准备好明天的比赛。（get ready for）

（6）很难想象仅仅在一分钟内就要解出这道题。

(7) 纸张发明之后，书写和印刷变得更加容易。（after, invention ,printing） (8) 每年，来自全国各地的游客都去香港购物。（across）

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