2022_2022学年高中英语Module4WhichEnglishSectionⅢGrammar——

Section ⅢGrammar——状语和状语从句

考点一状语的构成和分类

1．副词：修饰形容词、副词或动词以及介词短语。

It sounds very different from place to place.

各地英语听起来差别很大。

2．形容词：作伴随、条件、原因状语。

Full of hope，the local people are working hard to rebuild their hometown.心中充满希望，当地人正在努力工作重建自己的家园。

3．现在分词：分词的逻辑主语为动作的执行者。

Having lived abroad for twenty years，the old man returned to his hometown where he was brought up.

在国外居住了20年后，那位老人回到了养育他的故乡。

4．过去分词：分词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者。

Injured in the earthquake，the ten-year-old boy lost his two legs forever.在

地震中受伤后，这个10岁的男孩永远地失去了自己的双腿。

5．不定式：表示动作在将来发生，作目的、结果、原因状语。

I'm glad to hear you're feeling better.

听说你感觉好些了，我很高兴。

6．介词短语：作原因、地点、时间、条件、让步状语。

The Shanghai World Exposition Garden was open to all visitors for 184 days.

上海世博园对游客开放了184天。

7．独立主格结构：非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语、副词(拥有自己的逻辑主语)作状语。

Spring coming on，the trees turned green.

春天来了，树木变绿了。

8．with复合结构：with/without的宾语后跟补足语。

The day is bright with a fresh breeze blowing.

天气晴朗，吹着一股清风。

9．名词及其词组：表示时间的名词或短语作时间状语。

I will stay another five months.

我将再待5个月。

10．从句：作时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件等状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等。

When the film ended，the people went back.

电影一结束，看电影的人们便回去了。

[即时演练1] 画出下列句子中的状语

①Heated，water changes into steam.

②In spite of the heavy rain，they arrived.

③Full of hope，they are learning again.

考点二状语从句

状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号；放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。

1．时间状语从句

时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词有很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：

(1)when/while/as引导的时间状语从句

When I got home，my family were having dinner.

当我到家时，全家人正在吃晚饭。

While the teacher paraphrased the text，the students listened attentively and took notes.

当老师解释课文时，学生们专心地听并做笔记。

As the students walked to their dorms，they sang happily.

学生们一边往宿舍走，一边快乐地唱着歌。

(2)since引导的时间状语从句

since意为“自……以来”，引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成(进行)时，从句中用短暂性动词的一般过去式。

They have lived happily since they got married in 1970.

自1970年结婚以来，他们一直生活得很幸福。

[名师点津]

若since引导的状语从句中动词是延续性的，它表示的时间从该动作或状态结束时算起。

It is three years since he lived here.

他不在这儿住有三年了。

(3)before/after引导的时间状语从句

I had written my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.

在导师出国之前，我已经完成了我的学术论文。

[名师点津]

before经常翻译成“……才……，趁……”，“还没(来得及)……就……”。

He ran off before I could stop him.

我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。

(4)till/until引导的时间状语从句

如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，就常用肯定式表示“直到……为止”；如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，就常用否定表示“直到……才”。

He will remain in college until(till)he finishes his PhD course.

他将留在学校里面，直到完成他的博士学位课程。

I will not go with you until(till) I finish my homework.

等我做完作业我才和你一起去。

[名师点津]

until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.

直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她来。

(5)表示“一……就……”的时间状语从句

as soon as，once，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，hardly...when 等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生了。

He said he'd turn on the TV the moment he got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机。

[名师点津]

hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时，主句中用过去完成时。当hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。

Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.

她刚要睡着，忽然被敲门声吵醒了。

(6)next time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句

By the time you came back，I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。

[名师点津]

by the time引导的时间状语从句时态为一般现在时态，其主句常用将来完成时；从句时态为一般过去时态，其主句常用过去完成时。

2．让步状语从句

让步状语从句由although，though，while，as，even if，even though等引导。

Even if you fail，you will have gained experience.

纵然斗争失败，你也会得到一些经验。

3．条件状语从句

条件状语从句由if，unless，as long as(＝so long as)，in case(that)，on condition that(条件是)，supposing that，provided/providing that(假如)等引导。

I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money.

如果我能存下足够的钱，我就买台电脑。

[名师点津]

在条件、时间和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。

Unless the weather was bad，my father always used to take a walk in the evening.

除非天气不好，我的父亲晚上总是去散步。

4．原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的有as，because，since，now(that)，considering that，seeing that 等。

Since you're not interested，I won't tell you about it.

既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。

5．结果状语从句和目的状语从句

(1)连词so...that，such...that，so that等引导结果状语从句。该从句通常置于主句之后。

I didn't plan the work well，so that I didn't finish it on time.

我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。

(2)连词so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case等引导目的状语从句。

They started early so that they might arrive on time.

他们早点动身，以便可以准时到达。

6．地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词有where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里)，everywhere(到处)，anywhere(任何地方)等。

You can go wherever you like these days.

这些天你可以去你想去的任何地方。

7．方式状语从句和比较状语从句

(1)方式状语从句常由as，as if，as though等词引导，通常位于主句之后。

He acted as if/though nothing had happened.

他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。

(2)比较状语从句由as...as；more...than；the more...，the more...等引导。

Our new school is four times as big as the old one.

我们的新校区是老校区的四倍大。

考点三状语从句的省略

在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词be省略。

Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.过街时当心车辆。

If possible(＝If it is possible)，I'd like to have two copies of it.可能的话，我想要两本。

[即时演练2] 选词填空

up even if

②Do as you are told，otherwise you will get into trouble.

③Teenagers can do what they can to achieve their dreams，although many adults doubt whether they have the ability to do the things.

④Once you lose your customers' trust，you will never win it back.

⑤How long is it since we last had a picnic in the countryside together?

⑥He was so tired that he fell asleep within several minutes.

⑦This is a very beautiful necklace.I'll buy it，whatever it costs.

⑧She had rushed out of the room before I could say a word.

单句语法填空

1．As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.

2．That was really a splendid evening.It's years since I enjoyed myself so much.

3．Take your raincoat in case it rains(rain)．

4．When crossing(cross)the street，you can't be too careful.

5．I'll go to the party if invited(invite)．

6．Finding(find) the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.

7．The turtle doesn't run so quickly as the hare.

8．She could hardly say a word，astonished(astonish) and happy.

9．She had to choke down her breakfast to catch(catch) her bus.

10．The bell rang before I could look over my answers.

11．Although/Though he is young，he knows a lot.

12．It was not until midnight that they stopped working.

13．It was because he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher.

14．Mom treats me as if I were(be) a stranger.

15．Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.

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