上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模汇编 - -选词填空-学生版（已经校对）

上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：选词填空

One【20181虹口区】 Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. defense B. avoid C. believing D. mistake E. required F. critical G. cheating H. ashamed I. identify J. confirm K. similar We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32 problems in the future.

Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To 34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 . Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not 37 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and 38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.

To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or 40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

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上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：选词填空

Two【20181黄浦区】 Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.accommodation B. annual C. decline D. destination E. diners F. hosted G. ingredients H. precisely I. ranked J. remote K. talented World’s Best Restaurant The Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named “the world’s best restaurant” by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website 31 the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its 32 Travelers' Choice awards. So what’s it got going for it? Firstly, this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) 33 young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it's not really a pub anymore. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in 34 for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining 35 . It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable 36 , offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly 37 location. It's usually booked up well in advance with 38 coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids. Another 39 two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York— 40 the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.

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上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：选词填空

Three【20181浦东新区】 Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. potentially B. filmed C. dropped D. commonly E. treats F. sympathy G. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confident

Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans

Dogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.

It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.

But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 and affection in humans.

Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”

“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”

“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.

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上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：选词填空

They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ____39____expressions facial. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were ____40____. “Domestic dogs have a unique history-they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us,” she said.

Four【20181长宁区嘉定区】 Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. understanding B. encourages C. results D. flexible E. returned F. motivated G. hunger H. constantly I. satisfied J. supposed K. combined

What is leadership？ Its qualities are difficult to define，but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that __31___ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.

Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the __32___ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst(催化剂) for transforming those talents into __33___.

Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an)__34___to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not __35___with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.

Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as __36___ of the problems they face and the people they work with.

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上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：选词填空

Leaders are __37___ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.

Leadership is all about getting people __38___ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re __39___ to.

A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is ___40___. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.

Five【20181徐汇区】 Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. concerns B. illegal C. circulation D. recommended E. launched F. conducting G. witnessing H. innovation I. emphasized J. regulations K. criticisms

Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.

In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.

But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.

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