2011职称英语强化班新增教材讲义

职称英语考试宝典 系列软件 新增教材

新东方职称英语09年新增教材

目 录

第二部分 阅读判断 ····························································· 1 第三部分 概括大意与完成句子·········································· 4 第四部分 阅读理解 ····························································· 7 第五部分 补全短文 ····························································· 30 第六部分 完型填空 ····························································· 32 参考答案 ··············································································· 46 附录（教材漏掉的考过文章及译文）…………… ….…..48

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职称英语考试宝典 系列软件 新增教材

第二部分 阅读判断

阅读下面的短文。每篇短文后面都有七句话，请根据短文的内容判断这些话是正确、错误，还是在短文中没有提到。

第一篇 Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake

Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.

Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake, said Ms Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks.

Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview.

Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnika. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.

练习：

1. The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2. It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3. Radiocarbon dating techniques can be used to identify the age of the earth. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4. Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5. Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6. Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7. The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world.

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A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

第二篇 Image Martian Dust Particles

NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander has taken its first-ever picture of a single particle of rusty Martian dust with one of its microscopes. The dust particles of dust was shown at a higher magnification than anything outside of Earth that has been imaged before. The rounded particle measured only about one micrometer, or one millionth of a meter, across.

Taking this image required the highest resolution .microscope operated off Earth: and a specially designed device to hold the Martian dust,\said Tom Pike, a Phoenix science team member from Imperial College London. \always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small.''

The device that imaged the dust speck is called an atomic force microscope, which maps the shape of particles in three dimensions by scanning them with a sharp tip at the end of a spring. The atomic force microscope can detail the shapes of particles as small as about 100 nanometers. And this won't be the last dust particle that Phoenix will images. \now working on building up a portrait gallery of the dust on Mars,\

Dust exists everywhere on Mars, coating the surface and giving it its rusty red color. Dust particles also color the Martian sky pink and feed storms that regularly envelope the planet. The ultra-fine dust is the medium that actively links gases in the Martian atmosphere to processes in Martian soil, so it is critically important to understanding Mars' environments, the researchers said.

The $420-million Phoenix mission is analyzing the dust and subsurface ice layers of Mars' arctic regions to look for signs of potential past habitability. The particle seen in the atomic force microscope image was part of a sample scooped by the robotic arm from the \and delivered to Phoenix's microscope Station in early July.

练习：

1. The dust particle on Mars is the smallest particle that has been imaged outside of Earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2. Using the same technology, we have also measured the size of particles on the moon and Jupiter.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3. Scientists use the highest resolution microscope to watch and record the image of Martian particles on earth.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4. Tom Pike said that they used to think it was no easy job to image such small particles. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5. An electronic device has been developed to measure the weight of certain Martian rocks. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6. After collecting the last Martian dust particle, the scientists have started to build up a portrait gallery of it.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7. The Phoenix's robotic arm collected the Martian dust particles for analysis on Mars. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

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第三部分 概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分，第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。

第一篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language

1 An animal that influenced 'scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.

2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, \spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

3 However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.

4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.

5 Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure -- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence. 练习：

1. Paragraph 1 _____________ 2. Paragraph 2 _____________ 3. Paragraph 3 _____________ 4. Paragraph 4 _____________

A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays B Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language C General Information about Washoe D The Gardeners' Contributions Recognized E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence

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F Washoe's Love for Three Young Chimps 5. Washoe could make signs to communicate _____________. 6. Some scientists doubted ______________.

7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language _________________. 8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent _________________.

A if the Gardeners' argument was sound B because she was cleverer than other chimps C when she wanted to eat D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E because she could use sign language to ask for fruits F while Washoe was learning sign language

第二篇 Maglev Trains

1 A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation, which means that these trains float over a guideway using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.

2 If you've ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.

3 The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guideway or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.

4 The big difference between a maglev train 'and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine -- at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train.

5 The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push th train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.

6 Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Pads to Rome in just over two hours.

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练习：

1. Paragraph 1 _____________ 2. Paragraph 2 _____________ 3. Paragraph 3 _____________ 4. Paragraph 4 _____________

A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System B High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction C The Working Principle of the Maglev Train D Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field E Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones F Maglev with a Powerful Motor

5. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets __________. 6. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery _________. 7. A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils ____________. 8. The frictionless maglev train enables you ___________.

A to develop a maglev train rail system B To explain why maglev trains are faster C to pull and push the train forward D to create a magnetic field E to experiment with the maglev train F to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours

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第四部分 阅读理解

阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。

第一篇 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference

Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.

Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.

Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted' a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.

At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to ,belong in their own comer of campus\

Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings. \wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends.\

All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. \beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles.\

But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy.

\练习：

1. An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student

leaders

A) are lazy. B) are stupid.

C) are not rich enough.

D) will not take an interest in it.

2. American students join campus organizations mostly for A) making a difference. B) gaining experience. C) building friendship.

D) improving their resumes. 3. Who is Katie Rowley?

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A) She's a senior professor. B) She's a senior student. C) She's a senior official. D) She's a senior citizen

4. What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end? A) Passion. B) Money. C) Power. D) Fame.

5. The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by A) invent. B) rewrite. C) polish. D) complete.

第二篇 Life at Aichi University

I'm Yamamoto Mika, a 22-year old Japanese girl. I'd like to invite you to Aichi University so you can understand my life.

Our university has a close relationship with China and my department is the only one of its kind in Japan. My courses include the Chinese language, modem Chinese politics and economics. I love the Chinese culture and I have been to Tianjin as an exchange student.

In Japan, our courses are divided into compulsory, optional and specialized courses. However, we have a flexible schedule. We can choose classes from a wide range of options.

Many students finish the compulsory courses in three years so that they can have one year without any classes. They often use this period of time to study abroad, conduct research and travel. Many students even suspend their study for additional study-abroad opportunities.

Japanese universities encourage students to choose their own ways of study, so it is quite easy for us to apply for study suspension.

Japanese students participate in various kinds of extracurricular activities. They attend clubs from elementary schools, so many have already been accustomed to clubs when they enter university.

Our university now has 42 art clubs and 45 sports clubs. The annual University Festival is the grandest carnival of Japanese universities. In the festival, students promote their clubs and organize various activities. Our university's festival attracted about 150,000 people last year. I really like this festival.

In school, I participate in the journalism club. When we have the club promotion, we cook \

We also go to different places to interview celebrities who attend our festival as guests. It is a wonderful experience to talk to those stars face to face.

Japanese students like to hold parties. We have two kinds of parties. One is the Mochiyori party. If you want to attend this party you have to cook a course3 and take it to the party. The organizer buys drinks and snacks.

Another kind of party is the Nomikai, which mainly involves alcohol. We drink something called chu-hai, which is a combination of soda and wine. We also drink Japanese sake and beer.

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There are parties for many occasions, like welcoming new students, graduation, celebrating victories, birthday parties or just for promoting friendship. 练习：

1. Which statement is NOT true of Yamamoto Mika? A) She is a Japanese student. B) She has never been to China. C) She loves the Chinese culture.

D) She wants you to understand her life.

2. Many Japanese students finish the compulsory courses in three years because

A) they want to get married. B) they want to stay at home. C) they want to study abroad. D) they want to make money.

3. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the University Festival?

A) Inviting government officials to dinner. B) Organizing various activities. C) Interviewing celebrities. D) Promoting clubs.

4. When you attend a Mochiyori party, you need

A) interview celebrities. B) buy drinks and snacks.

C) get permission from the organizer. D) take to it a course you have cooked.

5. The word compulsory could be best replaced by

A) forced. B) required. C) requested. D) demanded.

第三篇 Declining Interest in Developing Foreign Language Skills

Australia's foreign language skills are declining, Voice of America has reported. New figures show that only 13 percent of high school graduates can speak a foreign language. But four decades ago, 40 percent had foreign language skills.

Professor Elise Tipton, from the University of Sydney, says increasingly students do not feel the need to learn another language to boost their career. She believes that Australia's economic boom, which is driven by red-hot demand for its minerals, is helping mask serious deficiencies in its language skills.

Australia does business very successfully in English with most of its trading partners. But as the world's economic power shifts to emerging regions such as Asia, its language gap could soon be exposed. According to the new figures, less than 6.5 percent of high school graduates are proficient in an Asian language. Academics worry that this means Australia will increasingly be isolated from its economically important Asian neighbors. Dilip Dutta, from the economics and business faculty at Sydney University, says language skills can enhance trading opportunities. If Australians want to/fade with Asian countries, it is very important for them to

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learn the language that will help them to get closer to the culture.

But students have different opinions about Asian language learning. Pippa McCowage, a 22-year-old Australian student, says many young Australians have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages, and the language curriculum is often weak. \school to learn another language, it's not really apparent to me as a realistic expectation that you will have to speak it,\went on an exchange in Year 10, I found that the Japanese students of my age had a much greater proficiency in English than I did in Japanese. So in that sense, it almost discourages you.

At present, about 70 percent of Australia's major exports go to Asia and the Australian government has been keen on developing closer economic and diplomatic ties with Asia. Academics say that, as Asia becomes one of the world's economic powerhouses, Australia needs to improve its language skills if it is to take full advantage of the business opportunities on its doorstep. 练习：

1. How much percent of high school graduates were proficient in foreign languages forty years ago?

A) 70. B) 13. C) 40. D) 6.5.

2. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A) Australia has rich deposits of minerals.

B ) Australia is essentially a self-sufficient country.

C) Australia has no intention to trade with Asian countries.

D ) Australian students are not required to leam a foreign language. 3. What does Dilip Dutta think language skills can do? A) Improve your relation with your partner. B) Help settle international conflicts. C) Remove barriers in negotiations. D) Increase trading opportunities.

4. Why has the Australian government been keenly interested in strengthening ties with Asia? A) Because Asia is where Australia is located.

B) Because Asia is where Australia's major exports go.

C ) Because Asia is where Australians go and spend their holidays.

D ) Because Asia is where Australia can play a big role in international affairs. 5. The word faculty in paragraph 3 can be replaced by A) college. B) institute. C) university. D) department.

第四篇 Immigration and Problems

Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as

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citizens ---- not criminals. Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally. Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures - including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries.

Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors open. They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. However, all this growth means that cities need to adapt. Newcomers don't always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs.

With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands and showing no sign of abating, the Spanish Government has decided to get tough. There will be no more mass amnesties for illegal, and anyone coming to Spain without permission will be sent back, the government has announced. About 23,000 migrants landed on the islands in 2006, and riots have erupted in some crowded reception centers. This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help.

France's new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes effect in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to identify particular professions where France has a talent shortage. Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted \and talents\visas, valid for three years. But some concern that it'll cause brain drain3 in developing countries. 练习：

1. Many immigrants swarmed into streets in the US in early 2006, demanding that they should

be treated as A) animals. B) citizens. C) civilians: D) criminals.

2. Some Canadian officials want to keep the door open because A) Canada is in desperate need of talented people. B) Canada can feed a much larger population. C) Canada is suffering from labor shortage. D) Canada is a multicultural country.

3. What has the Spanish Government decided to do? A) Help immigrants find proper jobs.

B) Let immigrants freely enter the country.

C) Integrate immigrants into the Spanish culture. D) Take tough measures against illegal immigration.

4. After France's new immigration and integration law takes effect, it will A) lure overseas students back home. B) undermine the unity of the country. C) drain developing countries of talent.

D) induce resentment among the French workers.

5. The phrasal verb rounding up in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by

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A) capturing. B) encircling. C) separating.

D) frightening.

第五篇 Road Trip Vacations

It's summer. In the United States, it's the season of swimming pools, barbeques, camping and road trips.

Road trip vacations where the car journey is part of the fun are especially popular with college students, who like to explore the country on wheels. These budget trips are ideal for students who often have plenty of free time but little money.

\Austin Hawkins, a 19-year-old college student from New York. This summer, Hawkins and his friends have spent weekends traveling in New England.

The best part about car trips, said Hawkins, is that you can be spontaneous. \if you get interested in things you see along the way you can stop and explore.\

Matt Roberts, a 20-year-old student from Ohio who drove to Montreal, Canada, agrees. \

Even with high gas prices, driving with friends is cheaper than flying. Roberts paid about 40 dollars for gas, but a round trip plane ticket would have cost nearly 400 dollars.

Driving trips first became popular in the 1920s. Newly paved roads and improved cars made it possible to travel longer distances. Motels started appearing outside cities.

By the 1950s, car ownership became the norm. Construction of the US interstate highway system began in 1956 and motel and restaurant chains popped up1 everywhere making long distance trips easier.

Today, the US has the highest car ownership rate in the world. Only 8 percent of American homes have no car, according to the most recent US census.

Though many college students don't own a car, most have access to one. On many of Hawkins' trips, they used a borrowed van.

Hawkins' most memorable road trip took place over spring break. He and two friends drove from New York to New Orleans to volunteer, helping rebuild the city after HurricaneKatrina hit it last July. They crossed the country in two days and slept in their car in church parking lots.

Roberts' road trip to Canada last winter was even more eventful. Upon arriving in Montreal, they were lost in a blizzard and shivering in the -250 cold. To find their hotel, they turned on a laptop and drove around in circles until they found a spot with wireless Internet coverage.

\know we should have planned better, but we're young. Now, when I see those guys I always say: 'Remember when we were lost in the snow storm!' I'll never forget that.\练习：

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true of American college students? A) They have little money. B) They like traveling by bike. C) They like to explore the country. D) They often have plenty of free time.

2. What will Hawkins do when he sees something interesting on a road trip?

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A) He will turn back. B) He will drive around. C) He will stop to explore. D) He will stop exploring. 3. When did motels suddenly appear?

A) After the work to build the interstate highway system started. B) When driving trips became popular. C) After many roads were paved. D) After new cars were made.

4. Which of the following words can best describe Hawkins' trip to New Orlends? A) Eventful. B) Colourful. C) Delightful. D) Unforgettable.

5. The word blizzard in paragraph 12 can be replaced by A) snowstorm. B) hurricane. C) mist. D) fog.

第六篇 Older Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.

Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the \efficiency\for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.

The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. \most recent ones hardly have an effect at all,\years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.

Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out

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that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions. 练习：

1. Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones? A) Because they killed off life more easily. B) Because they were brighter. C) Because they were larger. D) Because they were hotter.

2. How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions? A) By estimating how long they lasted. B) By counting the dinosaurs they killed.

C) By studying the chemical composition of lava.

D) By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced. 3. When did dinosaurs become extinct? A) 300 million years ago. B) 250 million years ago. C) 60 million years ago. D) 65 million years ago.

4. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs? A) They were killed off by an asteroid. B) They died of drastic climate change.

C) They were wiped off by a volcanic eruption.

D) The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue. 5. What is the main thesis of the article?

A) Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly.

B) Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive.

C) Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.

D) It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption.

第七篇 Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of July

Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old boy, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.

June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its EyeSmart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. \hit in the eye with a bottle rocket,\said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. \means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show.\

According to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000

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fireworks-related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for4 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the United States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks.

Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the eyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can bum at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. 练习：

1. What happened to Pete last Fourth of July? A He was burned in a house fire. B He was caught in a rain. C He was injured in a fight. D He was hit in the eye.

2. The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to A celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks.

B leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations. C stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether.

D set off fireworks together with trained professionals. 3. How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year? A About 9,000. B About 4,500. C About 1,350. D About 30.

4. Fireworks eye injuries can result in each of the following EXCEPT A blindness.

B permanent vision loss. C glaucoma and cataracts. D head-related injuries. 5. Which is NOT true of sparklers? A They are harmless to children.

B They are considered safe by many people. C They are a threat to the eyes.

D They can burn at very high degrees.

第八篇 U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January

A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.

Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.

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The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.

Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.

Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.

\savings in the nation's health care costs,\Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.

The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.

Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.

The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said. 练习：

1. The aim of the study is to find new ways to A conduct research. B track public health. C prevent or treat illness. D speed up development.

2. Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT A genetic samples from people in the study. B biological samples from people in the study.

C samples from the homes of the women and their babies. D samples of air and water from hospitals.

3. It is expected that through the study the nation's health care costs A Will be lowered in the long run. B will be significantly increased. C will be more than $200 million. D will reach $3.2 billion.

4. The babies of the participants will be followed A throughout their lives. B for more than two decades. C from birth to 21 months. D until they get married.

5. Which is NOT true of the people in the study? A They'll be from various areas. B They'll be from all income levels. C They'll be from all educational levels. D They’ll be from all age groups.

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第九篇 Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net

Cancer Research UK has launched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap stories and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease.

But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net.

This means that a Cancer Research UK team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue \

Anyone Can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat but if people wish to post a message they will need to register.

And Rebekah Gibbs, cancer patient and star of TV's Casualty has pledged her support for the new project. \about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart-warming response from other people going through the same thing.

\side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family. And with Cancer Research UK monitoring the forum people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged.\

Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer questions on its CancerHelp UK website which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000 pages of up-to-date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments for different types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials. There is also a UK database of cancer clinical trials.

The award-winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research UK hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer Chat forum.

For those who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charity's team of cancer information nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients' concerns on the phone. 练习：

1. Cancer Chat is different from other forums in that A it has the support of a famous actress. B it is a source of reliable information.

C it provides a huge amount of information. D it attracts a great number of visitors. 2. Which is NOT true of Rebekah Gibbs?

A She is a well-known figure in Britain. B She got breast cancer some time ago. C She thinks highly of Cancer Chat. D She has written a private diary.

3. All the statements about the messages posted on Cancer Chat are true EXCEPT A they are available to all visitors. B their writers get paid for them.

C they concern not just treatments and side effects. D they are also an emotional outlet for their writers. 4. CancerHelp UK is a website that

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A offers lots of information on cancer treatment and clinical trials. B attracts numerous visitors. C has won an award. D all of the above.

5. \ A Cancer Research UK. B Cancer Chat. C CancerHelp UK. D TV's Casualty.

第十篇 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements

Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.

Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.

Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel.

Among the pair's possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.

As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute.

Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry,, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden's central bank.

Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.

Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor ( US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.

\when they're at work,\Jornvall told The Associated Press. \get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.\

In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth. 练习：

1. Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year's Nobel Prize in medicine? A Elizabeth Blackburn. B Carol Greider.

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C Linda Buck. D Pierre Chambon.

2. Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel? A He was from Sweden.

B He was the inventor of dynamite. C He established the prizes in his will.

D He gave clear instructions on how to select winners. 3. Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes? A The medicine prize. B The literature prize. C The peace prize.

D The economics prize.

4. The word \ A excitement. B income. C motivation. D knowledge.

5. The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of A money in medical research. B proteins in cancer treatment.

C hormones in the functioning of life.

D telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.

第十一篇 Surprised by a Miracle

I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a \asked to do. \commands\is what we call it. Often it's \thinking\on the families' part. Nurses can easily become callous to it.

On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient's wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn't do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning.

His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, \

I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, \hand and he did !\

This led me to another train of questioning. \said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.

I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didn't

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believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.

She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, \ask him to let go.\He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn't believe that he had done it on purpose. So, I said, \

Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. \floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone \练习：

1. The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient A is found to be following commands. B is thought to be following commands. C is used to following commands. D is callous to nurses' commands.

2. What was the condition of the patient before that particular night? A He talked only with his wife. B He barely moved at all. C He moved only when hurt.

D He was too lazy to do anything at all.

3. How did the author feel upon first hearing what the excited wife said? A She was amused. B She was doubtful. C She was scared. D She was shocked.

4. What did the patient do on that particular night? A He squeezed and let go his wife's hand. B He held up one of his fingers. C He stuck out his tongue. D All of the above.

5. The author \ A she could hardly believe her eyes. B she had been working too hard. C she had been deceived.

D she had been tripped.

第十二篇 15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.

The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.

\social or performance situations,\teleconference Wednesday.

\

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for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,\

Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. \ People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. \they feel powerless to do anything about it,\

Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.

\onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.\

The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.

Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.

However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted. 练习：

1. People with social anxiety disorder are known for their fear of A being left alone. B leading normal lives.

C embarrassing other people.

D facing social or performance situations.

2. What do people with social anxiety disorder think of their fear? A They think it's beyond their control. B They think it's beneficial. C They think it's controllable. D They think it's justified.

3. Which is NOT true of people with social anxiety disorder? A They're often isolated and ashamed. B They find it difficult to make friends. C They often fail to get timely treatment.

D They tend to judge or criticize other people:

4. The symptoms of social anxiety disorder include all the following EXCEPT A heart palpitations. B sore throat. C sweating. D blushing.

5. It can be seen from the last paragraph that treatment of the disorder A has no positive effect at all. B is unavailable to most sufferers.

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C tends to be refused by the sufferers.

D can lead to improvement in the sufferers' lives.

第十三篇 Light Night, Dark Stars

Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they're lucky to see 150 stars.

If you've ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, you've witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates the night sky. This haze of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.

Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. \the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale.\

Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.

Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring the faint light given off by distant stars. And if scientists

can't locate these objects, they can't learn more about them.

Light pollution doesn't only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. It's clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. There's increasing evidence, for example, that migrating birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. \he says, \and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year. 练习：

1. When can people see 14,000 stars?

A When they have a fairly good telescope. B When they are in a large city.

C When the night sky is clear of clouds, moonlight and artificial lights. D When the night sky is without haze and fog.

2. Which of the following statements is NOT related to light pollution?

A A haze of light is formed from artificial lights such as streetlights and building lights. B Lights from different sources in the city stream into space and illuminate the night sky. C The night sky is illuminated by the lights from big glowing cities in the night. D Stargazing becomes difficult because there is a layer of haze in the air.

3. Does the writer think growing cities affect astronomers' work？ Why does he think so？ A Yes. Because the once dark rural areas are polluted by lights. B No. Because they can still see stars in rural areas.

C Yes. Because rural areas are not a good place for astronomers to study stars.

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D No. Because faint light given off by stars can still be seen on a clear night. 4. How does light pollution affect wildlife.9 Which of the following is NOT correct？ A Animals may go off course due to the attraction of artificial lights. B Animals might be attracted by artificial lights to go into cities. C Artificial lights at night may make migrating birds lose their way. D Attracted by artificial lights, birds fly into lighted buildings.

5. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title \ A The night sky is light colored and stars are black. B Lights appear at night and stars are seen in the dark.

C City lights illuminate the night sky and make stars invisible.

D City lights at night illuminate stars in the sky.

第十四篇 Hair Detectives

Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.

Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen. Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.

But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes. And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.

To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.

Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.

Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.

The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area. But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues. 练习：

1. What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct?

A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions. B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States.

C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.

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D Tap water is used to cook food. 2. James R. Ehleringer tried to find out

A if our bodies break water down into its parts.

B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country.

C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from. 3. Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? A Ehleringer was successful in his research. B Ehleringer failed in his research.

C Ehleringer can be a successful detective.

D Ehleringer's research proved successful in China. 4. What does the last paragraph tell you?

A The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives.

B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source.

C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police. D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes. 5. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? A Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes. B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes. C Detectives watch hairy criminals closely.

D Most detectives are hair specialists.

第十五篇 Mind-reading Machine

A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what's happening in their brains.

When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing.

The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.

Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize which parts of the brain receive more oxygen- rich blood--and therefore, which parts are working to process information.

An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.

The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The

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scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.

In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly, related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples. 练习：

1. What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? A A small region of the brain. B The central part of the brain. C Neurons in the brain. D Oxygen-rich blood.

2. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer? A Cells in your brain are called neurons.

B The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.

C fMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information. D fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently. 3. \

A \

B \ C \

D \4. What did the researchers experiment on? A Animals, objects, and fruits. B Two volunteers. C fMRI machines.

D Thousands of pictures.

5. Which of the following can be the best replacement of the title? A The Recent Development in Science and Technology. B Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned. C A Technological Dream.

D A Device that can Help You Calculate.

第十六篇 Putting Plants to Work

Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.

Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless you're a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.

Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as

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miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. , is working with green algae. She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.

The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. \algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen.\For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It's the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.

Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present.

Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.

The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: \them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms.\练习：

1. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy? A Plants are the real experts in producing solar energy. B Plants have been used to produce solar energy.

C Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years. D Plants have been a source of solar energy.

2. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into

sugars and starches?

A Because they want algae to produce sugars and starches.

B Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy. C Because they want to turn plant sugars to a new form of energy. D Because they want to make photosynthesis more efficient.

3. According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen?

A When there is a lot of oxygen in the air. B When there is no oxygen in the air. C When photosynthesis is taking place. D When enough starch is stored.

4. Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty？

A It is not possible to remove sulfate from the environment.

B It is not possible to work in an airfree environment to produce hydrogen.

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C It is not easy to make sugars instead of hydrogen.

D It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed. 5. What is NOT true of algae? A They are easy to grow.

B They can be a very good fuel source. C They are cheap to eat.

D They can be used in many ways.

第十七篇 Listening to Birdsong

A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird, nearby: He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference.

Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female ( and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used.

For this Study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past.

In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert.

Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn't. The females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they'd never met the male.

Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening, to the concert version of their mates' songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize--and prefer—the songs of their mates.

Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them.

This research deals with what's called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter, and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs. 练习：

1. What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches?

A Male zebra finches like to sing to female zebra finches. B Male zebra finches sing louder than female zebra finches.

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C Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches’ presence. D Male zebra finches like to listen to female zebra finches sing. 2. What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches? A Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.

B Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates. C Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers. D Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates. 3. What is meant by \ A Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert.

B Songs sung by male finches for female finches. C Songs sung by female finches for male finches.

D Songs sung by male finches to many female finches. 4. What is NOT tree of directed communication?

A The sender of a message has a specific audience. B Male zebra finches sing to female finches. C Mothers talk to their babies.

D Male zebra finches sing to themselves.

5. Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage? A Chirping away.

B Birdsongs as communication. C Zebra finches and their life. D Enjoying birdsongs.

第十八篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars

NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.

Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.

\Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. \is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted.\

The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.

The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.

\University of Arizona. \excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing we've done

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so far.\

Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.

The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead.

\a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars,\said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.

A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenix's surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft.

\eye can see,\Stereo Imager camera. \arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale.\练习：

1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars? A Vast lakes. B Flowing rivers.

C Water in a soil sample. D Living things.

2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail? A The sample vaporized away.

B Fresh material was exposed to the air. C The samples got stuck inside the scoop. D The robotic arm hit a hard rock.

3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?

A Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars. B Scientists have been surprised by how the soil on Mars behaves.

C Scientists have been trying to find out if there is life supporting material on Mars. D Scientists have been trying to know if water ice will melt. 4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from? A They are from America. B They are from Canada.

C They are from both America and Canada. D They are from neither America nor Canada.

5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage?

A It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.

B It imitates human voice and is able to record slight sounds while taking photos. C It takes clear photos that show every detail of the object.

D It is this particular type of camera that can take wide angle pictures.

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第五部分 补全短文 阅读下面的短文，每一篇中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

第一篇 Heat Is Killer

Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems -- even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. 1 . Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. 2 . Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.

3 __ Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat. Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. 4 The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.

Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. 5 . Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure, poor blood flow, nervousness or depression. 练习：

A Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system.

B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.

C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. D Several hot days are considered a heat wave. E So does extreme heat.

F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.

第二篇 Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills

American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities.

1 . She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. 2 __. She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what

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we are doing. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. 3 . 0ntil recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.

The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument ----- the cello. 4 . The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. 5 . She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better. 练习：

A Both involve different senses.

B Nina Krans is a neurobiologist (神经生物学家) at Northwestern University in Illinois. C Some disabled children attended the musical training class.

D It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.

E Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are

important with speech.

F The brain stem controls our ability to hear.

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第六部分 完形填空 阅读下面的短文。短文中有15处空白，在文章的后面，每一个空白都有4个备选答案。请根据文章的内容选择合适的词或短语填在空白处。

第一篇 Gun Rights in the US

Immediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the 1 . But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to 2 weapons. Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country 3 gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the 4 countries that seems unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.

In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted stricter 5 control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held 6 by the gun lobby and the electoral system.

The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun 7 in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controls anyway. 8 the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not __ 9__; they prefer power.

According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm incidents accounted 10 nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don't want to give up their arms they 11 to protect themselves.

Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said. \one professor in Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon they might have been able to 12 all this.\fewer.

But at the root of Americans' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of 13 , commented UK's Guardian newspaper.

One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed firearm, told the Guardian that it was 14 American's responsibility to have a gun.

\ 15 the government for protection.\练习：

1. A) ceremony B) funeral C) tears D) grief 2. A) make B) own C) destroy D) trade 3. A) while B) which C) where D) that 4. A) few B) some C) much D) little 5. A) rifle B) knife C) bullet D) gun 6. A) prisoner B) hostage C) person D) home 7. A) fire B) attacks C) rights D) violence 8. A) Over B) Since C) Till D) Until 9. A) both B) either C) each D) one 10. A) of B) off C) for D) out 11. A) hide B) buy C) sell D) keep

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12. A) control 13. A) government 14. A) many 15. A) on

B) stop C) handle D) treat B) guards C) students D) professors B) few C) every D) all B) in C) at D) from 第二篇 Freezing to Death for Beauty

People in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend off the cold. In the United States, however, people wear 1 , partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation. Cars take 2 straight to their workplaces, which are heated well. The American diet is full of calories, so their 3 can afford to bum heat more quickly. Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay 4 Lots of Yale girls wear skirts 5 when it's 10 degrees Centigrade outside. Some of them at least wear boots, tights, and leg-warmers. Some, however, really just go for the look 6 the risk of health. These girls have nothing to prevent their legs 7 the wind, and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos are all that they wear.

Typically, the ones pursuing fashion are 8 , with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies, they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in 9 weather. I have always l0 , whenever I pass these girls, how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived.

And then there are the guys. The girls can be said to 11 health for beauty. But why do guys 12 so little? It is not like, once they shed some layers, they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they 13 wear sporty shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It's not cute.

Of course, people have the freedom to look whatever 14 they want. I am just surprised that, given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut, they can still 15 like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February. 练习：

1. A) scarce B) less C) little D) least 2. A) people B) students C) shoppers D) them 3. A) arms B) heads C) legs D) bodies 4. A) bony B) thin C) fashionable D) hungry 5. A) even B) sometimes C) frequently D) occasionally 6. A) in B) for C) at D) on 7. A) with B) against C) above D) under 8. A) fat B) ugly C) short D) skinny 9. A) warm B) cold C) cool D) hot 10. A) dreamed B) stated C) claimed D) wondered 11. A) sacrifice B) devote C) suffer D) endure 12. A) bear B) carry C) wear D) put on 13. A) only B) seldom C) rarely D) hardly 14. A) method B) road C) way D) avenue 15. A) see B) resemble C) show D) look

第三篇 New Ideas

Iceland's President Olafur Grimsson is trying to drive carbon dioxide underground to 1

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its release into the air.

Over the next two years, a team of scientists will try to 2 carbon dioxide-charged water into the rock underground. Scientist theory says this should work. The CO2 will react with the rock to form a stable mineral that remains in the 3 for millions of years.

If the experiment succeeds, Iceland could give the world a new 4 to reduce CO2 emissions.

Sigurdur Gislason, a university professor in Iceland, says his country has an 5 over other countries: \have enormous amounts of clean 6 and a small society. You can do experiments here that you can't do anywhere else.\

In an attempt to cut back on the use of air conditioners during summer, the Japanese government in 2005 7 a campaign to keep office temperatures at 28℃ degrees in summer. Men were also encouraged to change business suits for 8 wear. In other words, no more ties. \ 9 is meant to show the government's resolve to achieve Japan's target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6 percent,\The 10 has cut an estimated 79,000 tons of carbon dioxide gas emissions each year. As the country's 2005 Energy Policy Act 11 into force this year, more Americans will be encouraged to use 12 cars and energy sources.

According to the new law, those who buy hybrid cars such as the Toyota Prius can earn tax credits; or rebates, of 13 to $2,600 a year. Homemakers can also save when they renovate, claiming tax rebates 14 up to $500 simply by fitting their homes with energy-saving insulation. If they.__ 15 __ in solar water heating, the payoff at tax time is equal to 30 percent of the appliance's cost or a maximum of $2,000. 练习：

1 A) reduce B) narrow C) interrupt D) interfere 2 A) spread B) splash C) inject D) flow 3 A) air B) rock C) water D) soil 4 A) era B) period C) page D) way 5 A) merit B) benefit C) profit D) advantage 6 A) oil B) energy C) gas D) solar-power 7 A) mounted B) called C) opened D) held 8 A) decent B) formal C) casual D) fashionable 9 A) pledge B) move C) promise D) statement 10 A) campaign B) war C) activity D) move 11 A) makes B) takes C) bring D) comes 12 A) fast B) cheap C) expensive D) environment-friendly 13 A) under B) up C) on D) from 14 A) putting B) worth C) building D) buying 15 A) spend B) give C) invest D) donate

第四篇 Improve Computer-research Skills

Like many college students, Jose Juarez carries around a pocket-sized computer that lets him watch movies, surf the Internet and text-message his friends.

He's part of \ 1 up connected to everything from video game to cellphones.

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\ 2 California State University at Sacramento (CSUS).

3 , educators are now saying that not all Generation M-ers can synthesize the piles of information they're accessing.

\geeky, but they don't know what to 4 with their geekdom,\said Barbara O'Connor, a Sacramento State communications studies professor who has been involved in a nationwide 5 to improve students' computer-research skills.

In a recent nationwide test to 6 their technological \Internet to complete class assignments - only 49 percent correctly evaluated a set of Web sites for objectivity, authority and timeliness. Only 35 per cent could correctly narrow an overly 7 Internet search.

About 130 Sacramento State students, including Juarez, participated in the experimental test, 8 to 6,300 college students across the country. The hour-long assessment test is conducted by Educational Testing Service. It is a web-based scavenger hunt (拾荒游戏) 9 simulated Internet search engines and academic databases that spit out purposely misleading information.

\ 10 in and using the Internet, but don't always understand what they get back,\

\ 11 the button,\Goff, who is involved in the testing.

\take at face value 12 shows up at the top of the list as the best stuff.\ Educators say that these sloppy research skills are troubling.

\ 13 math and English as a foundational skill,\said Lorie Roth, assistant vice-chancellor for academic programmes in the CSU system.

Measuring how well students can \the good 14 the bad\on the Internet has become a higher priority for CSU, Roth said.

CSU is considering 15 a mandatory assessment test on technological literacy for all freshmen, much as it has required English and math placement tests since the 1980s.

Students in freshman seminars at Sacramento State were asked to take the test early in the semester and were expected to finish another round this week to measure their improvement. 练习：

1. A) brought B) built C) stood D) grew 2. A) about B) near C) at D) near 3. A) Besides B) However C) In addition D) Of course 4. A) do B) work C) make D) deal 5. A) effort B) plot C) wish D) slogan 6. A) ask B) measure C) require D) demand 7. A) small B) little C) broad D) large 8. A) conducted B) held C) managed D) administered 9. A) between B) upon C) by D) with 10, A) writing B) copying C) typing D) moving 11. A) pull B) push C) beat D) strike 12. A) whatever B) whoever C) whichever D) however

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13. A) look at 14. A) out 15. A) added

B) take up B) from B) adds C) cope with C) on C) adding D) serve as D) off D) add

第五篇 Exercise Cuts Cancer Deaths in Men

Men who exercise often are less likely to die from cancer than those who 1 , new research published in the British Journal of Cancer revealed yesterday.

A team of scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden looked 2 the effect of physical activity and cancer risk in 40,708 men 3 between 45 and 79.

The seven-year study found that men 4 walked or cycled for at least 30 minutes a day had a 34 per cent lower risk of 5 from cancer than the men who did less exercise or nothing at all. 6 . the period studied, 3,714 men developed cancer and 1,153 died from the disease. The researchers suggest that half an hour's walking __ 7 __ cycling a day increased survival among these men by 33 per cent.

The researchers surveyed men from two counties in central Sweden about their lifestyle and the amount of 8 activity they were usually doing. They then scored these responses and compared the results __ 9 __ data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry2 over a seven-year period.

Lead author, Professor Alicja Wolk, said: \effect that very simple and basic daily __ 10 ___ such as walking or cycling has in reducing cancer death risk in middle-aged and elderly __ 11 __\

Dr Lesley Walker, director of cancer information at Cancer Research UK, said: \gives us a clear indication that men who exercise are less __ 12 __ to die from cancer, and that they are more likely to 13 the disease if they get it. It's not entirely clear from this study what role exercise plays in preventing __ 14 __ in men, but we do know that a healthy lifestyle can prevent up to half of all cancers- and __ 15 __ exercise forms a key part of this.\练习：

1. A don't B didn't C won't D can't 2. A on B for C at D by 3. A ranged B aged C ranked D listed 4. A which B who C whom D what 5. A recovering B turning C dying D surviving 6. A During B Since C Despite D Between 7. A and B but C or D with 8. A mental B physical C psychological D artistic 9. A upon B towards C into D with 10. A exercise B life C work D style 11. A people B men C adults D couples 12. A possible B able C likely D apparent 13. A lose B miss C treat D survive 14. A disaster B cancer C mistakes D accidents 15. A random B rare C regular D rough

第六篇 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence

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Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look 1 domestic violence and health among men.

\men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it 2 ,\told Reuters Health. \men who __ 4 __ experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to 5 \

The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical 6 , such as threats that made them 7 for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.

Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner __ 8 __ in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.

Rates were lower for men 55 and __ 9 __ ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.

Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of __ 10 __ violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men __ 11 __ was physical.

However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as 12 suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of 13 . Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems __ 14 __ those who had not, especially older men, the __ 15 __ found. 练习：

1. A by B at C on D for 2. A never B often C ever D now 3. A and B but C yet D unless 4. A to B ho C do D go 5. A us B him C you D them 6. A strength B labor C abuse D exercise 7. A hope B fear C wait D 10ok 8. A violence B attitude C friendship D stress 9. A younger B junior C senior D older 10. A normal B necessary C domestic D foreign 11. A enjoyed B experienced C performed D committed 12. A this B those C that D one 13. A women B people C adults D children 14. A from B than C except D despite 15. A victims B participants C researchers D partners

第七篇 Happy Marriage, Happy Heart

Happily married people have lower blood pressure 1 unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.

On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood

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pressure benefit for singles or unhappily __ 2 ___ people, according to the study.

\ __ 3 __ benefits health - what's really the most protective of health 'is having a happy 4 ,\study author Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.

The study included 204 married and 99 __ 5 __ adults who wore portable blood-pressure monitors for 24 hours. The ___ 6 __ recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings.

\ 7 in everyday life. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really __ 8 __ of the fluctuations that occur throughout the day,\

Overall, happily married people scored four points __ 9 ___ on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood __ 10 __ among married people – especially those in happy marriages - __ 11 __ more during sleep than in single people.

\are at __ 12 __ greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops,\Holt-Lunstad said.

The study was published in the March 20 __ 13 __ of the journal Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than __ 14 happily married and single adults.

Holt-Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one __ 15 ___ , such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said. 练习：

1. A from B to C than D by 2. A married B engaged C linked D loved 3. A which B that C this D what 4. A life B marriage C partner D spouse 5. A young B old C single D experienced 6. A monitors B doctors C nurses D researchers 7. A take B do C make D want 8. A supportive B active C representative D protective 9. A most B lower C higher D least 10. A pressure B speed C level D flow 11. A stopped B dropped C rose D ran 12. A more B some C much D any 13. A page B number C copy D issue 14. A nor B both C neither D either 15. A another B each C other D every

第八篇 Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits

Many women who battle breast cancer will tell you it's a life-changing experience. However, a new study shows that for many __ 1 ___, the changes aren't always positive or permanent.

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Beth Snoke has watched her mother and both grandmothers battle and survive breast __ 2 So when she was diagnosed, there was no doubt in her mind __ 3 __ she had to do.

\ 4 as the vitamins, the diet, and the fitness. And I can't stress enough __ 5 __ important that is,\Snoke. But a surprising new study shows that __ 6 every woman who beats breast cancer is getting that message. In fact, nearly 40% bf them say even __ 7 ___ surviving breast cancer, they haven't made significant changes in the __ 8 ___ they eat or how much they exercise.

\all survivors are taking advantage of this teachable moment and making positive health changes in __ 9 ___ life,\says Electra Paskett, PhD, at Ohio State University's Comprehensive Cancer Center. Paskett says diet and exercise have been proven to not only help women feel better during and after treatment, they may __ 10 __ play a role in preventing some cancers from coming back. ___ 11 __ growing evidence, some women just aren't listening.

\cancer survivors __ 12 __ exercise have actually been shown to have improved survival rates. So, yes, it is true that perhaps by making some of these healthy choices we can actually increase their health,\

As a breast cancer survivor ___ 13 __ , Paskett knows first hand how much difference diet and exercise can __ 14 .__ The challenge, she says, is to get more survivors to be more like Beth, during and after treatment.

Experts say exercising more and eating a healthier diet can also cut __ 15 __ on stress and help women overcome depression. There are more than 2 million breast cancer survivors living in the U.S. Of those, nearly a million have yet to change their diet or exercise routines. 练习：

1. A women B people C persons D men 2. A death B ache C cancer D feeding 3. A which B that C what D those 4. A far B soon C fast D early 5. A what B so C very D how 6. A not B no C neither D nor 7. A before B after C without D since 8. A place B kind C way D much 9. A their B his C her D our 10. A too B do C further D also

11. A Despite B Although C Accepting D Regardless 12. A who B whose C which D what 13. A myself B itself C herself D yourself 14. A take B make C offer D decide 15. A up B off C in D down

第九篇 Middle Age: A Low Point for Most

People around the globe hit the height of their misery and depression in __ 1 __ age, a new international study suggests.

The finding by British and American researchers was based on an analysis of well-being among approximately 2 million people in 80 nations. With few exceptions, the observation appears to apply across the board, regardless __ 2 __ gender, culture, geography, wealth, job

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history, education, and marriage or parental status.

\ 3 through life,\ Oswald, a professor of economics at Warwick University in Warwickshire, England. \

it slowly falls and bottoms out 4 your 40s. But the good news is that your 5 health picks up again, and eventually gets back to the high levels of our youth.\

The finding was 6 on the pooling of several different sources of happiness data, including: two multi-decade happiness/satisfaction surveys (first launched in the 1970s), involving about 500,000 American and Western European men and women; four rounds of the 80-nation \Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central and South America; and a 2004-2007 survey __ 8 ___ nearly 1 million Britons.

The bottom-line: For most people throughout the world, the highest probability for depression striking is around 44 years of 9 . In the United States, however, some as-yet unexplained __ 10 ___ differences were observed, with happiness among men dipping the most in their early 50s, whereas women hit their nadir around the age of 40.

The researchers cautioned that cheerful people tend to live longer than unhappy __ 11 __ -- a fact that might have skewed the overall finding. But they also suggested that evidence of a happiness ___ 12 __ might simply reflect a midlife choice to give up long-held but no longer

tenable aspirations, followed by a senior's sense of gratitude for having successfully endured 13 others did not.

\health as they go through their own life,\that if they are __ 15 __ in their 40s, this is normal. It is not exceptional. And just knowing this might help.\练习：

1. A old B middle C right D young 2. A of B for C to D by 3. A color B size C shape D letter 4. A with B on C in D upon 5. A mental B good C general D physical 6. A focused B concluded C decided D based 7. A measured B conducted C checked D inspected 8. A taking B counting C involving D accepting 9. A age B marriage C experience D work 10. A race B gender C education D income 11. A men B people C women D families 12. A curve B line C axis D table 13. A unless B because C while D since 14. A moods B figures C views D trends 15. A poor B low C old D weak

第十篇 Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head?

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参考答案

阅读判断

Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake A B C A A B C

Image Martian Dust Particles A C B A C B A

概括大意与完成句子

Washoe Learned American Sign Language C B E A C A D E Maglev Trains A E C B A D C F 阅读理解

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference D C B A C

Life at Aichi University B C A D B

Declining Interest in Developing Foreign Language Skills C A D B D

Immigration and Problems B C D C A

Road Trip Vacations B C A D A

Older Volcanic Eruptions A D C D B

Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of July D B C D A

U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January C D A B D

Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net B D B D A

Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements C D D A D

Surprised by a Miracle B B B D A

15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder D A D B D

Light Night, Dark Stars C D A B C Hair Detectives B C A C A

Mind-reading Machine C D A B B

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Putting Plants to Work C B B D C

Listening to Birdsong C A B D B

U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars C C A C A

补全短文 Heat Is Killer E D F C A

Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills B A F E D

完形填空

Gun Rights in the US

D B C A D B C A A C D B A C A Freezing to Death for Beauty

B D D C A C B D B D A C A C D New Ideas

A C B D D B C C B A D D B B C Improve Computer-research Skills

D C B A A B C D D C B A A B C Exercise Cuts Cancer Deaths in Men

A C B B C A C B D A B C D B C Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence B B A C D C B A D C B C A B C Happy Marriage, Happy Heart

C A B B C A B C B A B C D B A

Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits A C C A D A B C A D A A C B D Middle Age: A Low Point for Most

B A C C A D B C A B B A C D B Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head? A C C A D A B C A D A A C A D Avalanche and Its Safety

A B B C C D B B C A D A B C A Taking a Nap During the Day

D C B A A B C D B D C A C D B Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out

A C B D A D A B A D A B B B D Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters A B C D C D B A C B D A A B D

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职称英语考试宝典 系列软件 新增教材

附录

完型文章

第一篇 Making Yourself a Good Record

If you are an American and you think you might need to borrow money someday, the best thing to do is start early.

That's because just as many employers want to hire only people with experience, banks, and other creditors are usually reluctant to lend to those __ 1__ a proven track record1 of paying back, __ 2__ time, the money they have borrowed.

But if you need experience just to get a start, how do you get that stat in the first place?

With a little help from your parents usually, while you are still financially dependent __ 3__ them. It is easy to get a credit card or student loan when you are in college, because banks figure your parents will bail you out if you fail to pay.

So just as students take on internships to build up their resumes, one's university time can be a good time to work on another important personal record: the credit __ 4__.

Credit reports are a __ 5 __ of one's personal credit history, gathered by a credit reporting agency, or CRA.

Banks and companies— __6__ hospitals, landlords and insurance companies-- regularly report to the three main CRAs in the US __7__ how their customers are doing at paying back the money they __ 8__ Anyone with a \reports from the CRAs. Potential creditors usually compile the information in the reports into a credit \a bad record of doing so, can result in a low score2.

Even if you are not considering taking out a loan for such a large purchase as a home or car, your credit report can be important to getting through life. Landlords often ask for the reports to judge __ 10 __ a person can be trusted to pay the rent. Credit checks are necessary for getting a credit card, even for purchasing a mobile phone calling plan.

People can obtain a copy of their own credit report, usually __ 11 __ a cost of around US$8-9. Some consumer organizations recommend doing this once a year to allow one to catch any mistakes __ 12 __ have slipped into the record or, even worse, to find out whether any fraud has taken place. Though the system is controlled by laws __ 13 __ to, protect people's privacy, it isn't fool-proof: Sometimes people take out bad loans in others names, __ 14 __ their records.

In a society addicted __ 15____ credit, that can be a disaster.

词汇：

creditor／n．债权人 bail／v．准许保释 internship／n．实习医生实习期 legitimate／adj．合法的 potential／adj．潜在的 compile／v．编写 fraud／n．欺诈行为 privacy／n．隐私

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职称英语考试宝典 系列软件 新增教材

注释：

1．a proven track record：得到证明的成绩记录 2．Lack of experience in borrowing in addition to a bad record of doing so，can result in a low score．：除了借贷记录不好外，没有借贷经历会导致低分。

1. A) with B) without C) on D) by 2. A) in B) with C) by D) on 3. A) of B) in C) on D) with 4. A) report B) conclusion C) review D) introduction 5. A) explanation B) investigation C) summary D) examination 6. A) including B) included C) include D) includes 7. A) by B) with C) in D) on 8. A) own B) lend C) owe D) possess 9. A) addition B) conclusion C) consequence D) contrast 10. A) that B) whether C) what D) either 11. A) at B) by C) with D) on 12. A) these B) what C) that D) those 13. A) meant B) mean C) meaning D) means 14. A) building up B) updating C) improving D) ruining 15. A) on B) to C) by D) with

第二篇 A Country's Standard of Living

The \services the country produces. A country's standard of living, __ 1 __, depends first and __2__ on its capacity to produce wealth. \__3__ on things that money can buy: \transport and \1.

A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of __4__ have an effect on one another. Wealth depends __5__ a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them.

Next to natural resources __ 6__ the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well-off __7__the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and __8__ this and other reasons was __9__ to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and __10__ from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered2.

A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed __ 11__ its own borders, but .also upon what is directly produced through international trade. __ 12__., Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on __13__ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would __14__ be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, __15__

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职称英语考试宝典 系列软件 新增教材

that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

词汇：

fertile／adj．肥沃的 surplus／adj．剩余的 注释： 1．“?goods”such as food and clothin9．and“services”such as transport and \．比如像食品和衣物这样的“物品”以及像交通和娱乐这样的“服务”。

2．?to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered．比另外一个同样受到大自然恩赐但却不那么安定有序的国家生产更多的财富。“同样受到大自然恩赐”指自然条件优越，“不那么安定有序”指社会、政治不安定。

练习：

1. A) however B) furthermore C) similarly D) therefore 2. A) primary B) all C) foremost D) mainly 3. A) or B) but C) nor D) besides 4. A) these B) that C) what D) which 5. A) at B) to C) by D) with 6. A) came B) coming C) comes D) come 7. A) to B) like C) by D) as 8. A) because B) for C) of D) by 9. A) uneasy B) incapable C) impossible D) unable 10. A) prevention B) freedom C) liberation D) liberty 11. A) at B) by C) within D) on 12. A) In short B) For example C) As a result D) On the other hand 13. A) which B) what C) that D) those 14. A) otherwise B) certainly C) however D) therefore 15. A) depended B) supposed C) based D) provided

第三篇 Water

From the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first civilizations arose __ 1__ water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge __ 2 __ man's ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar in response to the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians, __ 3__ were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times, invented laws __4 __ water usage. Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000- __ 5 __ canal, a complex system which, after nearly 2,500 years, remains still practically __6__and still commands the astonishment of engineers. But __7 __ never found complete solutions to their water problems. The Yellow River is also known as \dangerous__8__in a single flood it has caused a million __9__ Floods slowed the great __10__of the Indus River Valley, and inadequate drainage mined __ 11__ of its land. Today water dominates man __ 12__ it always has done. Its presence continues to __13__the location of his homes and cities; its violent variability can __14__man or his herds or his crops; its routes links him ___15 __ his fellows; its immense Value may add to already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples of this in our own time.

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