工商管理专业金融银行信用风险管理与知识管理毕业论文外文文献翻

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专 业： 工商管理 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师：

翻译日期： 2017.02.14

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毕 业 设 计（论文） 外 文 文 献 翻 译

题 目： 金融银行信用风险管理与知识管理

Managing Credit Risks with Knowledge Management for

Financial Banks

Pan Jin

Department of Economics

Economics and Management School of Wuhan University

Wuhan,Hubei Province,430072,China

Panjin20102010@163.com

Abstract-Nowadays,financial banks are operating in a knowledge society and there are more and more credit risks breaking out in banks.So,this paper first discusses the implications of knowledge and knowledge management, and then analyzes credit risks of financial banks with knowledge management. Finally, the paper studies ways for banks to manage credit risks with knowledge management. With the application of knowledge management in financial banks, customers will acquire better service and banks will acquire more rewards.

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Index Terms–knowledge management; credit risk; risk management; incentive mechanism; financial banks

I.INTRODUCTION

Nowadays,banks are operating in a“knowledge society”. So, what is knowledge? Davenport(1996)[1]thinks knowledge is professional intellect, such as know-what, know-how, know-why, and self-motivated creativity, or experience, concepts, values, beliefs and ways of working that can be shared and communicated. The awareness of the importance of knowledge results in the critical issue of “knowledge management”. So, what is knowledge management? According to Malhothra(2001)[2], knowledge management(KM)caters to the critical issues of organizational adaptation, survival and competence in face of increasingly discontinuous environmental change. Essentially it embodies organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings. Through the processes of creating,sustaining, applying, sharing and renewing knowledge, we can enhance organizational performance and create value.

Many dissertations have studied knowledge managementapplications in some special fields. Aybübe Aurum(2004)[3] analyzes knowledge management in software engineering and D.J.Harvey＆R.Holdsworth(2005)[4]study knowledge management in the aerospace industry. Li Yang(2007)[5] studies knowledge management in information-based education and Jayasundara＆Chaminda Chiran(2008)[6] review the prevailing literature on knowledge management in banking industries. Liang ping and Wu Kebao(2010)[7]study the incentive mechanism of knowledge management in Banking.

There are also many papers about risks analysis and risks management. Before the 1980s, the dominant mathematical theory of risks analysis was to describe a pair of random vectors.But,the simplification assumptions and methods used by classical competing risks analysis caused controversy and criticism.Starting around the 1980s, an alternative formulation of risk analysis was developed,with the hope to better resolve the issues of failure dependency and distribution identifiability. The new formulation is univariate risk

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analysis.According to Crowder(2001)[8], David＆Moeschberger(1978)[9]and

Hougaard(2000)[10],univariate survival risk analysis has been dominantly, which is based on the i.i.d assumptions(independent and identically distributed) or, at least, based on the independent failure assumption.Distribution-free regression modeling allows one to investigate the influences of multiple covariates on the failure, and it relaxes the assumption of identical failure distribution and to some extent, it also relaxes the single failure risk restriction. However, the independent failures as well as single failure events are still assumed in the univariate survival analysis. Of course,these deficiencies do not invalidate univariate analysis, and indeed, in many applications, those assumptions are realistically valid.Based on the above mentioned studies, Ma and Krings(2008a, 2008b)[11]discuss the relationship and difference of univariate and multivariate analysis in calculating risks.

As for the papers on managing the risks in banks, Lawrence J.White(2008)[12]studies the risks of financial innovations and takes out some countermeasures to regulate financial innovations. Shao Baiquan(2010)[13]studies the ways to manage the risks in banks.

From the above papers, we can see that few scholars have studied the way to manage credit risks with knowledge management. So this paper will discuss using knowledge management to manage credit risks for financial banks.

This paper is organized as follows: SectionⅠis introduction. SectionⅡanalyzes credit risks in banks with knowledge management. SectionⅢstudies ways for banks to manage credit risks with knowledge management. SectionⅣconcludes.

II.ANALYZING CREDIT RISKS IN BANKS WITH

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

A.Implication of Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss due to a debtor’s non-payment of a loan or other line of credit, which may be the principal or interest or both.Because there are many types of loans and counterparties-from individuals to sovereign governments-and many different types of obligations-from auto loans to derivatives transactions-credit risk may take many forms.

Credit risk is common in our daily life and we can not cover it completely,for example,the American subprime lending crisis is caused by credit risk,which is that the poor

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lenders do not pay principal and interest back to the banks and the banks do not pay the investors who buy the securities based on the loans.From the example,we can find that there are still credit risks,though banks have developed many financial innovations to manage risks. B.Sharing Knowledge

Knowledge in banks includes tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge,which is scattered in different fields.For example, the information about the customers’income, asset and credit is controlled by different departments and different staffs and the information can’t be communicated with others. So it is necessary for banks to set up a whole system to communicate and share the information and knowledge to manage the risks. C.Setting up Incentive Mechanism and Encouraging Knowledge Innovation

The warning mechanism of credit risks depends on how bank’s staffs use the knowledge of customers and how the staffs use the knowledge creatively.The abilities of staffs to innovate depend on the incentive mechanism in banks,so, banks should take out incentive mechanism to urge staffs to learn more knowledge and work creatively to manage credit risks.We can show the incentive mechanism as Fig.1:

Measuring knowledge Direct contribution Stimulative／punitive measures Indirect contribution Punitive measures Stimulative measures ? Yellow-card warning ? Red-card warning ? Dismissing or laying-off ? Wealthy rewards ? Training ? Promotion 5

Fig.1 The model of incentive mechanism with knowledge management

From Fig.1,we can see there are both stimulative and punitive measures in the incentive model of knowledge management for financial banks.With the incentive mechanism of knowledge management in financial banks,the staffs will work harder to manage risks and to acquire both material returns and spiritual encouragement.

III.MANAGING CREDIT RISKS IN BANKS WITH KNOWLEDGE

MANAGEMENT

There are four blocks in managing credit risks with knowledge management.We can show them in Fig.2:

Managing credit risks and feeding back Reducing credit risks Distinguishing risks credit Assessing and calculating credit risks Fig.2 The blocks of managing credit risks

A.Distinguishing Credit Risk

Distinguishing credit risks is the basis of risk management.If we can’t recognize the risks,we are unable to find appropriate solutions to manage risks.For example,the United States subprime crisis in 2007 was partly caused by that the financial institutions and regulators didn’t recognize the mortgage securitization risks timely.With knowledge management,we can make out some rules to distinguish credit risks,which are establishing one personal credit rating system for customers and setting up the data warehouse.We can use the system to analyze customers’credit index, customers’credit history and the possible changes which may incur risks.At the same time,we should also watch on the changes of

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Fig.1 The model of incentive mechanism with knowledge management

From Fig.1,we can see there are both stimulative and punitive measures in the incentive model of knowledge management for financial banks.With the incentive mechanism of knowledge management in financial banks,the staffs will work harder to manage risks and to acquire both material returns and spiritual encouragement.

III.MANAGING CREDIT RISKS IN BANKS WITH KNOWLEDGE

MANAGEMENT

There are four blocks in managing credit risks with knowledge management.We can show them in Fig.2:

Managing credit risks and feeding back Reducing credit risks Distinguishing risks credit Assessing and calculating credit risks Fig.2 The blocks of managing credit risks

A.Distinguishing Credit Risk

Distinguishing credit risks is the basis of risk management.If we can’t recognize the risks,we are unable to find appropriate solutions to manage risks.For example,the United States subprime crisis in 2007 was partly caused by that the financial institutions and regulators didn’t recognize the mortgage securitization risks timely.With knowledge management,we can make out some rules to distinguish credit risks,which are establishing one personal credit rating system for customers and setting up the data warehouse.We can use the system to analyze customers’credit index, customers’credit history and the possible changes which may incur risks.At the same time,we should also watch on the changes of

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