英语二五套模拟预测题个人整理打印版

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2012年研究生考试考研英语二模拟预测题

一、完形填空

Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes __1__ different nations compete against each other in a __2__ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.

In order to __3__ the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). After all proposals have been __4__, the IOC votes. If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with __5__ rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __6__ the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the __7__ of the Olympic Game, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to __8__ the Games effectively.

The IOC also __9__ which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. __10__, Tokyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen __11__ to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America.

__12__ the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into __13__ the host city’s time zone. __14__ the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay __15__ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events __16__, in prime viewing hours. __17__ the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television __18__ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __19__ there is also direct government support.

Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __20__. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts. 1）. A. in B. for C. of D. from

2）. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series 3）. A. host B. take C. run D. organize

4）. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated 5）. A. suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding 6）. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing 7）. A. site B. spot C. location D. place 8）. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor

9）. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates

10）. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole 11）. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common

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12）. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of

13）. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim

14）. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever

15）. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly 16）. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively

17）. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once

18）. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns 19）. A. eases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances

20）. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. Feasible

二、阅读理解

（一）

According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 per cent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship, in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.

With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship. The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an “escape fund”.

Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings. Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension.

Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage. “He’d think it was my escape fund so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.”

Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money.

Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad .Take Colleen, for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. “I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”

\motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund and that I feel very secure in our relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”

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1）. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because ________.

A. “escape fund” helps one through rainy days B. days are getting harder and harder C. women are money sensitive

D. financial conflicts often occur

2）. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para.2)probably means ________. A. suspicious B. secure C. shrewd D. simple 3）. Which inference can we make about Margaret?

A. She is a unique woman. B. She was once divorced. C. She is going to retire. D. She has many children. 4）. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show ________. A. any couple can avoid marriage conflicts

B. privacy within marriage should be respected

C. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriage D. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad

5）. Which of the following best summarizes this passage? A. Secret Savers B. Love Is What It’s Worth C. Banking Honesty D. Once Bitten, Twice Shy

（二）

Everyone, it seems, has a health problem. After pouring billions into the National Health Service, British people moan about dirty hospitals, long waits and wasted money. In Germany the new chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the financing of its health system. Canada's new Conservative Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, made a big fuss during the election about reducing the country's lengthy medical queues. Across the rich world, affluence, ageing and advancing technology are driving up health spending faster than income.

But nowhere has a bigger health problem than America. Soaring medical bills are squeezing wages, swelling the ranks of the uninsured and pushing huge firms and perhaps even the government towards bankruptcy. Ford's announcement this week that it would cut up to 30.000 jobs by 2012 was as much a sign of its \as of the ills of the car industry. Pushed by polls that show health care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers(生育高峰期出生的人) will crush the government's finances, George Bush is to unveil a reform plan in next week's state-of -the-union address.

America's health system is unlike any other. The Unite States spends 16% of its GDP on health, around twice the rich-country average, equivalent to $6,280 for every American each year. Yet it is the only rich country that does not guarantee universal health coverage. Thanks to an accident of history, most Americans receive health insurance through their employer, with the government picking up the bill for the poor and the elderly.

This curious hybrid（混合物） certainly has its strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody else, and their health-care system is much more innovative. Europeans' bills could be much higher if American medicine were not doing much of their

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Research and Development（R&D）for them. But there are also huge weaknesses. The one most often cited-especially by foreigners-is the army of uninsured. Some 46 million Americans do not have cover. In many cases that is out of choice and, if they fall seriously ill, hospitals have to treat them. But it is still deeply unequal. And there are also shocking inefficiencies: by some measures, 30% of American health spending is wasted.

Then there is the question of state support. Many Americans disapprove of the \medicine\of Canada and Europe. In fact, even if much of the administration is done privately, around 60% of America's health-care bill ends up being met by the government. Proportionately, the American state already spends as much on health as the OECD（Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development）average, and that share is set to grow as the baby-boomers run up their Medicare bills and ever more employers avoid providing health-care coverage. America is, in effect, heading towards a version of socialized medicine by default.

1）. Health problems mentioned in the passage include all the following EXCEPT ________.

A. poor hospital conditions in U.K. B. Angela Merkel under attack C. health financing in Germany D. long waiting lines in Canada

2）. Ford's announcement of cutting up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 indicates that Ford ________.

A. has the biggest health problem of the car industry B. has made profits from its health-care legacy

C. has accumulated too heavy a health-care burden D. owes a great deal of debt to its employees

3）. In the author's opinion, America's health system is ________. A. inefficient B. feasible C. unpopular D. successful 4）. It is implied in the passage that ________.

A. America's health system has its strengths and weaknesses

B. the US government pays medical bills for the poor and the elderly C. some 46 million Americans do not have medical insurance

D. Europeans benefit a lot from America's medical research 5）. From the last paragraph we may learn that the \medicine\is ________. A. a practice of Canada and Europe

B. a policy adopted by the US government C. intended for the retiring baby-boomers

D. administered by private enterprises

（三）

Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. \座右铭) was 'Start small, think big and have fun',\

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MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side.”

Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusatan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-Services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.

This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier---what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls \coincidence of wants.\also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.

Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered” because many media, particularly on the Web, can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.

Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade” trading partners for honesty, quality and so on. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a non-profit exchange called Quick Lift Two(QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past. 1）. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are _______. A. afraid of technology B. skilled in technology

C. ignorant of technology D. incompetent in technology

2）. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they _______. A. were impressed by his creativity B. were eager to identify with his motto C. liked his goal announced in advance D. hoped to prove the power of the Internet

3）. The Internet barter system relies heavily on _______.

A. the size of barter sites B. the use of virtual currency

C. the quality of goods or services D. the location of trading companies 4）. It is implied that Internet advertisements can help _______. A. companies make more profit B. companies do formal exchanges C. media register in statistics D. media grade barter sites 5）. Which of the following is true of QL2 according to the author? A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.

B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries. C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.

D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.

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（四）

While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric(小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.

In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.

Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a \addict.\if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal \posse\a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of \babes\offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.

Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her (Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru), and she even makes second sound fun (\road trips,\she calls them). She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. \party,\she writes. \are just too many cool things to do and plan and live for.\ Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's \Will Survive\so loud your neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. \so dazzle them instead with your miracle,\

While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better. 1）. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?

A. Children. B. People in their 20s and 30s. C. Young adults. D. Elderly people.

2）. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.

A. Kris Carr is a female writer B. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center D. Kris Carr is very optimistic

3）. The phrase \ A. a cancer research organization B. a group of people who suffer from cancer C. people who have recovered from cancer D. people who cope with cancer 4）. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because _______.

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A. she is depressed and likes swearing B. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctor

C. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctor D. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor

5）. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that _______. A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer

B. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer C. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors D. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patients

三、新题型 Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about a park naturalist. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

[A]Becoming a naturalist

[B]Seeing wonder in the ordinary [C]A changing role

[D]Disgusting and embarrassing moments

[E]What does a park naturalist do?

[F]What does it take to be a park naturalist?

I have the best job in the Wisconsin State Park System. As a park naturalist at Peninsula State Park, I am busy writing reports, creating brochures about trees or flowers, and sometimes visiting schools．And, of course, I make sure Peninsula’s feathered friends are well fed. 41. _____________

As a park naturalist I am a writer, a teacher, a historian and, if not a social worker, at least a mentor to young people interested in the environment. I love the diversity of my job. Every day is different. Most tasks require creativity. Now that I am an experienced naturalist, I have the freedom to plan my own day and make decisions about the types of programs that we offer at Peninsula.

42. _____________ In my first naturalist job, I spent four out of five days leading school field trips and visiting classrooms. As a state park naturalist I still work with students, but more often lead programs like bird walks, nature crafts, outdoor skills, and trail hikes. I also find myself increasingly involved in management decisions. For example, sometimes the park naturalist is the person who knows where rare orchids grow or where ravens nest. When decisions are made about cutting trees, building trails, or creating more campsites. naturalists are asked to give the “ecological perspective.” 43. _____________

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Perhaps the grossest thing I’ve done as a naturalist is to boil animal skulls. Visitors like seeing bones and skins—at least after they have been cleaned up! Once, our nature center needed more skulls. A trapper gave me muskrat, raccoon and fox skulls but I had to clean them. First, I boiled the skin and meat off. Boy, did that stink! Then I used dissecting tools and old toothbrushes to clean out the eyeballs. Finally, I soaked the skulls in a bleach solution. I’ve had some embarrassing experiences, too. On my first hike as Peninsula’s new naturalist, I was so excited that I identified a white pine tree as a red pine tree! That’s quite a mistake since the trees are so easy to tell apart. White pine needles are in bundles of five and red pine needles are in bundles of two. 44. _____________

Not all state parks are as busy or as big as Peninsula. Not all park naturalists spend the seasons as I do. Nevertheless, park naturalists share certain common interests and responsibilities: A park naturalist might notice that branches of a red maple growing in a field reach out to the side while those of a red maple in a thick forest reach up, and wonder why the trees look different. A naturalist makes things happen. It might be working with workers to clean up part of a river. Park naturalists share knowledge in different ways, but all of them communicate with people. A love of learning--from other people, from plants and animals, from books, and more—is an essential quality. Most naturalists don’t work in places of rare beauty. Many work in city parks or in places that show “wear and tear.” If you can wonder about an inchworm, a juniper bush, or a robin and cause others to wonder, too, then you are ready to become a park naturalist. 45. _____________

If you think you want to become a park naturalist, do the following:

Explore your home landscape. Knowing how people have shaped the land where you live-and how the land has shaped them-will lend a comparison that will serve you well. Start a field sketch book．Sketch what you see, where and when. The reason is not to practice art skills (though you may discover you have a talent) but, rather, to practice observation skills.

Go to college. You will need a 4-year degree. There are several academic routes that lead to the naturalist’s road. I have found ornithology, plant taxonomy and human growth and development to be among my most helpful courses.

Listen and learn. A college degree is like a ticket. It lets you board the plane but is only the beginning of the journey. Look and listen to those who have already traveled the road for ideas, knowledge and inspiration.

四、英译汉

Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.

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Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living---not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace---always have come from \cooking.\One might argue that's not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of \in quantity\business methods like massive division of labor, concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments. 五、作文

1. You get the information from the newspaper that × × Company is employing an English interpreter. You should write an letter for the job. Your personal information is as follows:

1) Age, 30; height, 1.80m; health condition, well; hobbies, swimming, singing, dancing.

2) Resume: graduated from Peking University in 1994, worked in Nantong Middle School.

3) Specialty: good at English, especially spoken English, translated many Chinese books into English, understand Japanese.

Tel: 3654731

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use \

2. Directions:

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe its drawing

2) interpret its meaning, and 3) give your comment on it.

You should write about 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

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贰

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二

模拟试卷一

PartⅠClose test

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. (10points)

An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality 1 our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are 2 .Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, 3 being seen. There is a type of authority which can be 4 from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. 5 there is movement and action, the true leaders is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend;the 6 for anecdotes, whether true or 7 ; character. One of the simplest devices is to be absent 8 the occasion when the leader might be 9 to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business 10 has detained him. To 11 up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display 12 things which other folks might 13 as trivial. With this gift for 14 curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is 15 in other people he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all 16 is relevant. He never leaves a party 17 he has mentally field a minimum dossier(档案) on 18 present， ensuring that he knows 19 to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen 20 talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof。

1. A. in B. beyond C. under D. of

2. A. united B. dragged C. drawn D. hauled 3. A. at B. in C. about D. on

4. A. looked B. recognized C. exercised D. respected 5. A. Where B. Though C. Because D. When

6. A. minor role B. subject C. joke D. supplement 7. A. incorrect B. wrong C. false D. bad 8. A. in B. on C. at D. under

9. A. refused B. suspected C. expelled D. expected 10. A. which B. when C. what D. where 11. A. take B. make C. come D. give 12. A. on B. in C. about D. at

13. A. look B. think C. view D. deal

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14. A. decreasing B. possessing C. inspiring D. urging

15. A. directly B. obscurely C. scarcely D. plainly 16. A. which B. that C. what D. one

17. A. after B. when C. until D. before 18. A. someone B. everyone C. men D. one

19. A. when B. where C. which D. what

20. A. and B. or C. than D. But

PartⅡReading Comprehension SectionA

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part .Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET。(40points)

Passage One

As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more。

Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more

question-asking the parents do, the higher the children’s IQ scores,” Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is. ”

The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings. Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,” says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are that it’s the middle child. ” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event. ”

21. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to A. show the relationship between parents and children B. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner table C. report on the findings of a study

D. give information about family problems

22. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because A. they are busy serving food to their children

B. they are busy keeping order at the dinner table

C. they have to pay more attention to younger children

D. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family

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23. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children 。

A. have to help their parents to serve dinner B. get the least attention from the family C. are often kept away from the dinner table

D. find it hard to keep up with other children

24. Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question 。 A. why TV is important in family life B. why parents should keep good order

C. why children in small families seem to be quieter

D. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life 25. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to? A. It is important to have the right food for children。 B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner。 C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently。 D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner

Passage Two

Taiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat (诈骗). Either way, it could be the perfect crime (犯罪)， because the criminals are birds-horning pigeons!

The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: if you want the car back, pay up then. The car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off。

There have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind-one that avoids (避免)not only

collecting money but going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has played a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car-owner to place an ad (启事) in the newspaper asking for help。 The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars-seems too little for a car worth many times more。

Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said。

26. After the car owner received a phone call, he

A. went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried B. gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park C. sent some money to the thief by mail

D. told the press about it

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27. The “lazier and more inventive” criminal refers to 。 A. the car thief who stays at home

B. one of those who put the ads in the paper C. one of the policemen in Changwa

D. the owner of the pigeons

28. The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned” to show 。

A. how easily people get fooled by criminals B. what Chen thinks might be correct C. the thief is extremely clever

D. the money paid is too little

29. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to 。 A. criminals B. pigeons

C. the stolen cars D. demands for money

30. We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because 。

A. he reads the ads in the newspaper B. he lives in the same neighborhood

C. he has seen the car owners in the park

D. he has trained the pigeons to follow them

Passage Three

Last August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter, Maureen. With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools. They sought a university that offered the teenager’s intended major, one located near a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe。

“The safety issue is a big one,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: what about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer-“That’s not a problem here,” Mahoney began to feel uneasy。 “No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “I just don’t buy it. ” Nor should he: in 1999 the U. S. Department of Education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. “Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college,” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus. “Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation. ”

But getting accurate information isn’t easy. Colleges must report crime statistics by law, but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones looking dangerous. “The truth may not always be obvious,” warns S. Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc, the nation’s leading campus safety watchdog group。

To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions。

31. The Mahoneys visited quite a few colleges last August 。

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A. to express the opinions of many parents

B. to choose a right one for their daughter C. to check the cost of college education

D. to find a right one near a large city

32. It is often difficult to get correct information on campus crime because some colleges 。

A. receive too many visitors B. mirror the rest of the nation C. hide the truth of campus crime

D. have too many watchdog groups

33. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means 。 A. mind B. admit

C. believe D. Expect

34. We learn from the text that “the honest ones” in the fourth paragraph most probably refers to colleges 。

A. that are protected by campus security B. that report campus crime by law C. that are free from campus crime

D. that enjoy very good publicity 35. What is the text mainly about? A. Exact campus crime statistics。 B. Crimes on or around campuses。

C. Effective solutions to campus crime。

D. Concerns about kids’ campus safety。

Passage Four

One of Britain’s bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected (可疑的) police killer David Bieber—and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to the ￡30,000 reward money。 Vicki Brown, 30, played a very important role in ending the nationwide manhunt. Vicki, who has worked at the Royal Hotel for four years, told of her terrible experience when she had to steal into Bieber’s bedroom and to watch him secretly. Then she waited alone for three hours while armed police prepared to storm the building。

She said: “I was very nervous. But when I opened the hotel door and saw 20 armed policemen lined up in the car park I was so glad they were there. ”

The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious (怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year’s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face. She said: “He didn’t seem to want to talk too much and make any eye contact (接触). ” Vicki, the only employee on duty, called her boss Margaret, 64, and husband Stan McKale, 65, who phoned the police at 11 pm。

Officers from Northumbria Police called Vicki at the hotel in Dunston, Gateshead, at about 11:30 pm to make sure that this was the wanted man. Then they kept in touch by phoning Vicki every 15 minutes。

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“It was about ten past two in the morning when the phone went again and a policeman said ’Would you go and make yourself known to the armed officers outside?’ My heart missed a beat. ”

Vicki quietly showed eight armed officers through passages and staircases to the top floor room and handed over the key。

“I realized that my bedroom window overlooks that part of the hotel, so I went to watch. I could not see into the man’s room, but I could see the passage. The police kept shouting at the man to come out with his hands showing. Then suddenly he must have come out because they shouted for him to lie down while he was handcuffed (带上手铐). ”

36. The underlined phrase “be in line for” (paragraph 1) means 。

A. get B. be paid C. ask for D. Own

37. Vicki became suspicious of David Bieber because 。 A. the police called her

B. he looked very strange

C. he came to the hotel with little luggage

D. he came to the hotel the day before New Year’s Eve 38. Vicki’s heart missed a beat because 。 A. the phone went again

B. she would be famous

C. the policemen had already arrived

D. she saw 20 policemen in the car park

39. David Bieber was most probably handcuffed in 。 A. the passage B. the man’s room

C. Vicki’s bedroom D. the top floor room

40. The whole event probably lasted about hours from the moment Bieber came to the hotel to the arrival of some armed officers。 A. 6 B. 8 C. 11 D. 14

SectionB

Directions：In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps。(10points)

Researchers have found that drugs used to treat human seizures can delay aging in worms by as much as 50 percent. The roundworms used for the study are similar to humans in their molecular makeup, raising the possibility that the drugs could also extend the life span of humans。

41 “By finding a class of drugs that delays aging we have found a relationship between the function of the nervous system and aging that was not well understood, ” said Kerry Komfeld, a geneticist at the Washington

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University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Science。

The discovery came out of the thesis work by one of Komfeld’s graduate students, Kimberley Evason. About four years ago, Evason began exposing groups of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to commercially available drugs to see if the drugs would delay aging or promote longevity。 42

Over eight months the scientists tested 20 drugs, all with negative results. Finally they tested the anticonvulsant drug ethosuzimide. Researchers found that the drug extended the life span of roundworms from 16. 7 days to 19. 6 days, a 17 percent increase。 43

The discovery that the drugs extend the life span of roundworms could have important implications fox human aging as well. There are strong similarities on the molecular level between the proteins and genes that

constitute the worm and those that make up other animals, including humans。 “Many basic processes are highly related, including neural function, insulin signaling, and probably important aspects of the aging process, ” Komfeld said. “There’s every reason to think that these animals an a good model for higher animals, such as people. ”

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Ethosuzimide, which was developed in the 1950s, is commonly used to treat epilepsy, though it is no known precisely how the drug controls convulsions. There is no anecdotal evidence that it has had an anti-aglng effect in people. The next step, Komfeld says, is to test if the drugs have an anti-aging effect on animal like flies and mice。 Very little is known about the aging process. From genetic analysis, researchers have found that an in sulin-like signaling system regulates aging and longevity. A good diet can delay aging and extend a person life span. But scientists know virtually nothing about the effect of drugs on aging. “It’s a big void, ” Konfeld said。 In addition to delaying age-related degenerative changes, the drugs also increased neuromuscular activty, suggesting a link between the neuromuscular system and the aging process。 45

There may also be other targets not yet explored that affect aging and neuromuscular function. Said Kornfeld: “The process of aging remains mysterious. ”

A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。

B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ” C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they

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show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。

D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”

E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。

F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。

G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”

PartⅢ Translation

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET。(15points)

Last Sunday，China’s central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said if necessary，the nation will consider widening the yuan’s trading band。

But any change in the yuan’s floating band will depend on the global economic situation and it’s not the only tool the country would use to make its currency more flexible，Zhou said at the Group of 20 meeting in Cape Town，South Africa。

China widened the yuan’s daily trading band against the U.S. dollar from plus or minus 0. 3 percent to 0. 5 percent in May。

However，market observers said some commercial banks are ordered by the central bank to hand in reserve requirements in foreign currencies next week，which will translate into demand for the U.S. dollar. This will somehow help slow down RMB’S appreciation against the greenback in the coming few days。

PartⅣ Writing

Section A

Directions: Write a letter of application for the position an Director of a Computer-Aided Learning Center. Try to make the letter interesting and show that you have enthusiasm for the job. Also state the qualifications you have for the job and your work experience. (10points)

Section B

Directions：Study the following pie chart carefully and write an essay based on the tips:

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(1) Describe the picture。

(2) Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below。 (3) Give your opinions or advice。

You should write at least 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

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叁

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）模拟题0001

Part I

Use of English (10%)

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Greory Cochram is 1 to say it anyway. He is 2 rare bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some disease not 4 thought to have a bacterial (细菌）cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explaines the process that has brought this about. The group in question are a 8 people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have 11 disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The 15 has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have 20 this paradoxical state of affairs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

[A] selected [A] such [A]of

[A]subsequently [A] Only [A] thought [A] advises [A] funny [A] counting [A] normal [A] applied [A] tasks [A]affirm [A] moreover [A] first [A] assessing

[B] prepared [B] same [B] with [B] presently [B] So [B] sight [B] suggests [B] ordinary [B] scoring [B] common [B] contributed [B] fortunes [B] witness [B] therefore [B] last [B] managing

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[C] obliged [C] one [C] in

[C] previously [C] Even [C] cost [C] agrees [C] strange [C] reaching [C] mean [C] taken [C] interests [C] observe [C] however [C] forerunner [C] administering

[D] pleased [D] that [D] against [D] lately [D] Hence [D] risk [D] objects [D] particular [D] calculating [D] total [D] owed [D] careers [D] approve [D] meanwhile [D] former [D] valuing

17. 18. 19. 20.

[A] development [A] linked [A] limited [A] resulted in

[B] origin [B] collected [B] subjected [B] derived from

[C] consequence [C] woven [C] devoted [C] attributed to

[D] progress [D] combined [D] directed [D] given in

Part II Reading Comprehension (50%) Section A (40%)

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Passage One

NEARLY four years ago, a web-based political movement set itself the modest task of ―closing the gap between the world we have and world most people everywhere want‖. Calling their group Avaaz, which means ―voice‖ in several languages, the founders aimed to reproduce globally some of the success which their predecessors—like America‘s Moveon.org, and Australia‘s Getup!—had enjoyed in national political fields.

By its own lights, the movement, using 14 languages and engaged in an astounding list of causes, has had some spectacular successes. Within the next few months, membership will top 6m. The number of individual actions taken is estimated at over 23m. Among the recent developments Avaaz claims to have influenced are a new anti-corruption law in Brazil; a move by Britain to create a marine-conservation zone in the Indian Ocean; and the spiking of a proposal to allow more hunting of whales.

But is there any objective measure by which the reach of a global e-protest movement can be assessed? Sceptics use words like ―clicktavism‖ to describe political action that demands nothing more of a protester than pressing a button, which may just imply curiosity; and it is rarely possible to prove beyond doubt that e-campaigning is a decisive factor in a political outcome.

On the other hand, argues Ricken Patel, a co-founder of Avaaz, digital activism rarely ends with the click of a mouse. Avaaz‘s campaign against the death sentence for adultery imposed on an Iranian woman asks members to phone Iranian embassies (and provides numbers); members are also being urged to put pressure on the leaders of Brazil and Turkey to intercede with Iran. Avaaz is collecting funds for a campaign in the Brazilian and Turkish press, too. Avaaz‘s other demands range from the simple—close Guantánamo, because it plays into the hands of Osama bin Laden—to the very broad: fight climate change, avoid a clash of civilisations. Despite the risk of foggy signals, the variety of causes is also a strength, says Dave Karpf, an American analyst of the net; it allows the group to act as a hub, attracting members to one campaign and telling them about others. As Evgeny Morozov, a writer on the internet points out, Avaaz has lost whatever monopoly it had over the creation of instant, cross-border lobbies; you can do that on Facebook. But the way Avaaz bunches unlikely causes together may be an asset in a world where campaigns, like race and class, can still segregate people, not reconcile them. (434 words)

21. In the beginning we know that ______.

A. A political website has been built four years ago. B. National politics have been quite enjoyable C. Some political campaigns had achieved a lot.

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D. Voices in 14 languages has been well aimed. 22. A. B. C.

Which of the following does NOT show Avaaz's influences? Indian government finally agrees to take action in Indian Ocean. Whale killing is likely to be reduced in some parts of the world. Brazilian authorities have stood up against widespread corruption.

D. A sealife conservation plan is soon to be carried out in reality. 23. According to the passage, members of Avaaz are encouraged to ____. A. equip a protesting button on the phone. B. exert great pressure on political leaders. C. abolish death penalty on foreign females.

D. participate in the Brazilian campaign alone.

24. According to Dave Karpf, one characteristics with Avaaz is _____. A. Its cross-border designs. B. Its monopolized actions. C. Its various unlikely causes. D. Its diversity of targets

25. This passage is primarily written to ______. A. introduce a new trend of political campaign. B. report a fashionable output of technology. C. discuss how politics may dominate our life. D. warn people of the dangers politics may bring.

Passage Two

The idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as important to the proprietors of Tesco and Sainsbury's as it is to their customers. However, there is a profound problem when it comes to so-called intellectual property (IP) –-- which requires a strong lead from government, and for which independent advice has never been more urgently required.

The myth is that IP rights are as important as our rights in castles, cars and corn oil. IP is supposedly intended to encourage inventors and the investment needed to bring their products to the clinic and marketplace. In reality, patents often suppress invention rather than promote it: drugs are \evergreened\when patents are on the verge of running out – companies buy up the patents of potential rivals in order to prevent them being turned into products. Moreover, the prices charged, especially for pharmaceuticals, are often grossly in excess of those required to cover costs and make reasonable profits.

IP rights are beginning to penetrate into every area of scientific endeavour. Even in universities, science and innovation, which have already been paid for out of the public purse, are privatised and resold to the public via patents acquired by commercial interests. The drive to commercialise science has overtaken not only applied research but also \for knowledge is deteriorated by the need for profit.

The fruits of science and innovation have nourished our society and economy for years, but nations unable to navigate our regulatory system are often excluded, as are vulnerable individuals. We need to consider how to balance the needs of science as an industry with the difficulty of those who desperately need the products of science.

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Clearly it is vitally important that we continue to protect science and enable it to flourish. Science and the many benefits that science has produced have played a crucial part in our history and produced vast improvements to human welfare. It would be negligent of us if we failed to recognise the importance of science as an industry and investment in research to national and regional economic development; but against these economic concerns an overriding consideration must be the interests of the public and of humanity present and future. Science as an industry may be booming, but the benefits of science need to be more efficiently and more cheaply placed in the service of the public. For science to continue to flourish, it is necessary that the knowledge it generates be made freely and widely available. IP rights have the tendency to block access to knowledge and the free exchange of ideas that is essential to science. So, far from stimulating innovation and the dissemination of the benefits of science, IP all too often hampers scientific progress and restricts access to its products. (478 words)

26. In the first paragraph, intellectual property is described as _____. A. being important to customers B. protecting property safety

C. being government-guided

D. demanding government advice

27. It can be learned from the text that patents are sometimes purchased to _____. A. Attract more investment from all shareholders. B. Make the cost of certain drugs lower than usual. C. D. 28. A.

Expand markets in this highly competitive era. Keep them from being put into actual production.

According to the author, scientific research is commercialised due to _____. Profit-making desire

B. Innovative demand C. Basic human need

D. Public policy pressure

29. Which of the following is TRUE except _____?

A. The importance of science can not be forgotten nowadays. B. Public welfare should be the first concern of scientific studies. C. IP is proven to be in the way of knowledge communication. D. The role science plays now tends to be more efficient than before. 30. The author's attitude towards IP seems to be _____. A. Concerned B. Critical C. Biased D. neutral

Passage Three

Wow! Women now make up 57 per cent of university entrants, and they outnumber men in every subject — including maths and engineering. Speaking as an ardent feminist, I expect that this will have many wonderful results: a culture that is more feng shui and emotionally literate and altogether nicer, and an economy that benefits from unleashing the phenomenal energy and talents of

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British women who are — if GCSEs, A-levels and university entrance results mean anything — currently giving the male sex a good old intellectual whipping.

Obviously a corner of my heart worries about some aspects of the coming feminisation. Will we all become even more safety-conscious, regulation-prone and generally incapable of beating the Australians at anything than we already are? And even if the feminist revolution is good and unstoppable, we should perhaps consider some of the downsides — and the most interesting is that greater equality between the sexes is actually leading to greater division between the classes. Here's how.

Since the emergence of our species, it has been a brutally sexist feature of romance that women on the whole — and I stress on the whole — will want to mate with men who are either on a par with themselves, or their superior, in socio-economic and intellectual attainment. A recent study shows that if a man's IQ rises by 16 points, his chances of marrying increase by 35 per cent; if a woman's IQ rises by 16 points, her chances of getting hooked decline by the same amount.

As a result of the same instinct — female desire to procreate with their intellectual equals — the huge increase in female university enrolments is leading to a rise in what the sociologists call assortative mating. The more middle-class graduates we create, the more they seem to settle down with other middle-class graduates, very largely because of the feminine romantic imperative already described. The result is that the expansion of university education has actually been accompanied by a decline in social mobility, and that is because these massive enrolments have been overwhelmingly middle-class.

It is one of the sad failures of this Government that relatively few bright children from poor backgrounds have been encouraged to go to university, partly because of weaknesses in primary and secondary education, partly because of the withdrawal of the ladder of opportunity provided by academic selection. Once they have failed to go to university, the boom in the number of middle-class female students only intensifies their disadvantages.

The result is that we have widening social divisions, and two particularly miserable groups: the female graduates who think men are all useless because they can't find a graduate husband, and the male non-graduates who feel increasingly domineered by the feminist revolution, and resentful of all these proud female graduates who won't give them the time of day. (474 words)

31. One result from women's majority in college recruitments is _____. A. Male sex is outnumbered in most campuses. B. Women will be an economically boosting factor. C. A-levels have begun to take on more weight.

D. Enthusiastic feminists are less emotionally loaded.

32. The data about IQ are mentioned by the author in order to _____. A. demonstrate sexual differences in marriage age. B. Prove the greater equality between the two sexes. C. Show the popular mating pattern on the female side. D. Discuss the unstoppable pro-feminist movement.

33. The so-called \A. More college graduates have middle class background. B. Social mobility tends to be greatly enhanced by education. C. middle class students are unwilling to cooperate with others.

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D. Female graduates favor those with equal intellectual status. 34. A. B. C.

From the context we know that \It is more difficult for females to get properly married now. The government failed to cater to middle class female needs. The ladder of opportunity is denied to most of the bright kids.

D. Male uselessness is greatly exaggerated by some females. 35. The passage is mainly concerned with _____. A. Sexual inequality in education B. Female dilemma in mating C. Social prejudice against women. D. Expansion in college enrolment

Passage Four

The questioning of the role of the public gallery is not a new phenomenon. It is something that has been argued over since its very conception, and the debate is ongoing.

?Museum‘ and ?gallery‘ are interchangeable words to describe any building used to exhibit objects of historic or artistic interest. Museums, in this sense, are a relatively recent phenomenon, going back no more than a couple of hundred years, to the latter part of the eighteenth century. During this period until the mid twentieth century, they were designed to resemble older ceremonial monuments such as palaces and temples which signified their associations with secular, and not religious beliefs. Secular truth meant a rational, verifiable and objective knowledge and thus, Art Museums, not only because of the scientific and humanistic disciplines practiced in them, such as conservation, art history, archaeology etc., were seen as preservers of the community‘s official cultural memory. Consequently, it can be argued that museums should be placed at the centre of the modern relations between government and culture. As a powerful social metaphor and as an instrument of historical representation, museums are crucial measurements of social changes.

The idea of the museum has to, therefore, be ?reborn‘ and some of its characteristics and challenges are clear. An understanding that communication is the basis on which culture is both maintained and transformed, demands a new approach to museum pedagogy. Schools and Colleges Programmes have become an integral part of museums globally. The Irish Museum of Modern Art which opened in nineteen ninety-one, for example, has a major education initiative inherent in its ethos. It has developed a number of programmes and projects intended to address the needs of specific groups, such as schools and colleges. During the academic year, IMMA invites teachers and tutors from pre-primary, primary, secondary and third-level schools and colleges to bring their class groups to the museum for pre-booked tours, gallery talks or to meet artists participating in the Artist‘s Residency Programme.

In Britain, local education authorities are developing a range of new initiatives to encourage effective co-operation between schools and museums. Schools can integrate what they have learned from museum resources into many aspects of the curriculum which also contributes to preparing pupils for the opportunities and experiences of adult life. Examples given indicate how work in history and art is enhanced by access to museum resources and the possibilities of learning are improved by first hand experience. Links between museums and schools are the foundation for wider contacts between museums and their communities but these liaisons between museums and the worlds of education must take new forms and use new strategies if we are to capture the interest and

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imagination of a new generation. (462 words)

36. During the 19th century, museums _____. A. Were similar to temples in function. B. Put religious objects on exhibition. C. Held secular beliefs against church. D. Aroused widespread controversies.

37. Which of the following aspects is NOT the role played by museums? A. Preserver of art history B. Recorder of social changes C. Reminder of government D. Practitioner of archaeology

38. The author used the example of the Irish Museum to argue that _____. A. The concept of museum is now under heated dispute. B. Teaching staff of all levels visit museums with passion. C. Modern artists are available in the museum programme. D. A new way of thinking emerges to the global museums. 39. The last paragraph suggests that _____. A. Museums can be built in different schools. B. Students can learn more by visiting museums. C. A new generation of museums are still to come. D. Adults can also benefit from school curriculum.

40. In discussing museums, the author focuses on its _____. A. problems and solutions. B. History and records C. Nature and function. D. Traditions of the past

Section B Direction:

(10%)

Read the following text and decide whether each of the statement is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points.)

Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they‘ll say, ―Success.‖ The dream of individual opportunity has been home in America since Europeans discovered a ―new world‖ in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. ―We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we toil，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.‖ The promise of a land where ―the rewards of a man's

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industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor‖ drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.

Our national mythology is full of illustration of the American success story. There's Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to

become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American‘s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to ―make a fortune in real estate with no money down,‖ and ―dressing for success.‖ The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it‘s as important to be ―successful‖ in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.

But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to ―make it‖ also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the ―right‖ neighborhoods, wear the ―right‖ clothes, eat the ―right‖ foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.

41. Honesty and diligence are two preconditions for realizing American dream.

42. European immigrants were attracted and absorbed mainly into the American West. 43. Benjamin Franklin is often remembered as a well-schooled writer of interesting stories. 44. Marriage is also regarded as an important measurement of whether one is successful. 45. Equality is hard to come by though people keep a strong faith in it.

Part III Translation 46. Directions

In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

Climate change is the greatest challenge facing humanity: drastic reduction of carbon emissions is vital if we are to avoid a catastrophe that devastates large parts of the world. Governments and businesses have been slow to act and individuals now need to take the lead.

The Earth can absorb no more than 3 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions each year for every person on the planet if we are to keep temperature and rainfall change within tolerable limits. Yet from cars and holiday flights to household appliances and the food on our plates, Western consumer lifestyles leave each of us responsible for over 12 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year --- four times what the Earth can handle.

Individual action is essential if we want to avoid climate chaos. How to Live a Low-Carbon Life shows how easy it is to take responsibility, providing the first comprehensive, one-stop reference guide to calculating your CO2 emissions and reducing them to a sustainable 3 tonnes a year.

Part IV Writing (25%)

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47. Section A (10%)

An International Conference on Globalization will be held in May 6 -9 next year in Peking Univ. The conference organization committee is now looking for volunteers who can provide language service, computer aid and at least one week of working for the meeting. You're asked to write a letter to apply for this opportunity. Don't use your name, but write Li Ming instead.

48. Section B (15%)

星巴克(starbucks) 开在故宫(Forbidden City)里，或者说像这样的洋品牌出现在故宫里，会不会破坏故宫作为世界文化遗产(cultural heritage)的纯粹性和完整性，到底这洋品牌是不是对于咱们民族文化的一种侵蚀，甚至会伤害到我们的民族自尊呢？请讨论并发表自己的观点。

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肆

10、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）模拟试题

Part I

Use of English(10%)

Directions:

Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Large lecture classes are frequently regarded as a necessary evil. Such classes 1 be offered in many colleges and universities to meet high student 2 with limited faculty resource, 3 teaching a large lecture class can be a 4 task. Lecture halls are 5 large, barren, and forbidding. It is difficult to get to know students. Students may seem bored in the 6 environment and may 7 read newspapers or even leave class in the middle of a lecture. Written work by the students seems out of the 8 .

Although the challenges of teaching a large lecture class are 9 , they are not insurmountable. The solution is to develop 10 methods of classroom instruction that can reduce, if not 11 , many of the difficulties 22 in the mass class. In fact, we have 13 at Kent State University teaching techniques which help make a large lecture class more like a small 14 . An 15 but important benefit of teaching the course 16 this manner has involved the activities of the teaching assistants who help us mark students‘ written work. The faculty instructor originally decided to ask the teaching assistants for help 17 this was the only practical way to 18 that all the papers could be evaluated. Now those 19 report enjoying their new status as ―junior professors‖, gaining a very different 20 on college education by being on the other side of the desk, learning a great deal about the subject matter, and improving their own writing as a direct result of grading other students‘ papers. 1．A．should B．will C．can D．have to 2．A．requirement B．demand C．challenge D．request 3．A．and B．but C．although D．unless 4．A．competitive 5．A．spaciously 6．A．unconscious 7．A．frequently 8．A．problem 9．A．tiny 10．A．personal 11．A．increase 12．A．inherent 13．A．introduced 14．A．conference 15．A．incredible 16．A．at

17．A．because

B．rewarding B．exceptionally B．impatient B．delightedly B．solution B．potential B．innovative B．accumulate B．inherited B．inserted B．assembly B．obscure B．through B．although

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C．routine C．typically C．unaware C．inevitably C．question C．fundamental C．initiative C．eliminate C．injected C．modified C．seminar C．unanticipated C．by C．when

D．troublesome D．unusually D．impersonal D．unexpectedly D．answer D．substantial D．persuasive D．diminish D．integrated D．revised D．course D．inspiring D．in D．so that

18．A．ensure 19．A．new teachers 20．A．inspiration

B．assure B．senior students B．expectation

C．secure D．certify

C．associate professors D．part-time professionals C．stimulation D．perspective

Part II Reading Comprehension (50%) Section A Passage One

Shoppers choose hybrid cars, \but dirtier alternatives partly to improve their social status, according to a new study published today.

Bram Van den Bergh of Rotterdam School of Management, one of the study's authors, said: \the buyer is a selfish and uncaring individual who is concerned primarily about his own comfort rather than the welfare of society. Driving a hybrid, like a Prius, not only displays one's wealth as it costs many thousands of dollars more than a conventional but highly fuel-efficient car, but also signals the owner cares about others and the environment.\

Adam Corner, a research associate at Cardiff University and expert on the psychology of communicating climate change, said social status is a key driver of behaviour: \people might choose to try and signal their social status through the conspicuous consumption of 'green products'. Even if people don't care about climate change, they care about what other people think of them.\social status could be harnessed to become a critical tool in promoting wider changes in pro-environmental behaviour, such as voting for the greenest party in an election or engaging in environmental activism.

The study does come with one important warning –-- no one was actually dipping into their wallet. Michael Valvo, a spokesperson for Toyota UK, said that the company's market research indicated the attraction of advanced technology and the cost of the ownership, not the environment or social status, were the main reasons drivers bought the Prius hybrid car. \20,000 for a car is a pretty expensive way to make a statement about being green, it's the second biggest purchase after a house,\

The research also failed to reflect the complexity of ethical consumer activity, said Rob Harrison, the editor of Ethical Consumer magazine. \look at the Co-Operative Bank's report on ethical spending, a third of that annual spend is on investment and banking, which you can't do conspicuously unless you leave investment brochures lying around on your coffee table. Our readers say they buy green and ethical products because they want to be instrumental about a goal, such as helping a farm in Kenya by buying fair trade Kenyan coffee.\

21. According to one study, car buyers now _____. A. Regard price as nothing much. B. Are more environment-conscious C. Show off with expensive luxuries.

D. Are more concerned with publicity.

22. In the view of Bram, Hummer is more a symbol of _____. A. Wealth

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B. Status C. D. 23. A.

Success Character

To which of the following does Adam Corner most probably agree? People behave largely in order to enhance their public image.

B. Voting is an efficient way to change people's social status. C. Conspicuous consumption is unsurprisingly pursued and done.

D. Environmental participation can be promoted in a critical way.

24. Judging from the context, \_____.

A. Technology is the first consideration. B. Social status is easily purchased. C. being green is too dear to afford

D. Wallet is better covered in hard times.

25. The author mentioned the Co-operative bank's report to show _____. A. Kenya coffee is a good buy as a green product. B. It is not easy to figure out the morality of consuming. C. Spending on expensive cars is becoming a trend.

D. Investment decision is mostly made on a coffee table.

Passage Two

Top business chiefs like Indra Nooyi, Anu Agha and Shikha Sharma may have broken the glass ceiling to command their own boardrooms but these are mere exceptions rather than the norm. A new global survey reveals that women enter the workforce in large numbers but over time steadily \

Research by a business consulting firm Bain and Companythe showed that organisations lost talent, with a disproportionate number of women employees at middle and senior levels leaving their jobs. \ 5% decrease in female retention, after 10 years, results in the equivalent of wiping out the benefits of increasing female recruitment from 30% to 50%,\

\in the workplace is possible if business leaders take a systematic and customised approach to finding out what counteracts women along the way at their organisations,\Orit Gadiesh, Bain chairman and co-author of the study, said. The study showed that senior management in 75% of companies had not made gender parity a stated and visible priority, while 80% of firms had not committed adequate funding or resources to the initiatives.

Other findings showed that while 66% of men reported that they believed women shared equal opportunity to be promoted to leadership and governance positions, less than a third of women felt the same. Also, while a majority of responders supported the idea of gender parity in the workplace, it was the women who voted strongly in favour of strategic commitment. More than 80% of women agreed or strongly agreed while only 48% men felt that achieving gender parity should be a critical business imperative for their organisations.

Incidentally, while both men (87%) and women (91%) voted in large numbers in favour of the belief that either sex could be a primary breadwinner, when it came to making career sacrifices, however, men and women reacted differently. While 59% of women agreed they would sacrifice their career for the sake of the household, a slightly lower 53% of men felt the same way. Men tended to be

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more confident than women that their partner would make a career sacrifice: in the survey results, 77 of men felt their partner would compromise on their career for the sake of family, while only 45% of women could confidently make the same claim.

When asked about recruitment or promotion into management or executive positions, both men and women were less likely to agree that parity existed and men saw a rosier picture than women. In the survey results, about twice as many men as women felt that women had an equal chance as men of being recruited in executive roles, promoted on the same time line into executive roles or appointed to key leadership or governance roles. (456 words)

26. In the beginning, \A. quit B. Promote C. Employ D. recruit 27. One of the findings from the study tells us that ____. A. Senior management had no say due to male dominance B. Most companies couldn't afford the cost of this pursuit. C. Women could hopefully be treated with dignity one day. D. Gender equality was largely neglected by most executives.

28. From paragraph 4, we may learn that _____.

A. Most male colleagues had equally strong belief in workplace equality. B. A wide gap still existed in how to make gender parity come true C. A large part of the females showed no interest in business leadership. D. Females should enjoy more opportunities in terms of getting advanced. 29. A. B. C.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? Executive positions were reserved predominantly for men alone. Men tended to overestimate the situation for female equality. Women were the easier victim when career gave in to family.

D. Both sexes accepted the role of supporting the family by work. 30. The text is mainly concerned with ______. A. Female sacrifice B. Male priorities C. Gender equality D. Female promotion

Passage Three

There are more differences between the United States and Japan than conflicting values during World War II. Cultural and societal differences between the two nations and its peoples shaped beliefs and perceptions and thus interactions within those societies and between them as well.

The Japanese media made sure to cast the United States in a negative light during the war. Even afterward, they would distort everything from Ted Kennedy's car accident and the death of Mary Jo Kopechne to important battles and events. During World War II, newspapers tried to give the public what they wanted for morale. Positive news was widely broadcast, but anything negative was also distorted or hidden. Sons or husbands who died during World War II were heroes, for sure, but the concept of suicide missions was unknown to the Japanese.

The dropping of \warning fliers\controversial. Some feel they were fair and that the Japanese denied their existence and failed to

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adequately warn the people. Others think they were a part of psychological warfare, really dropped after Anola Gay flew off to Hiroshima, and merely acting as a doubtful precursor of any future attacks.

The war and the role of the Japanese government caused uncertainty and hatred among the

Japanese toward Americans. Any of the few white people living in Japan sometimes had their houses searched --- not by the government, but by curious neighbors. \being searched; nothing ever stolen, just investigated frequently,\Japan at the time.

The Japanese looked upon Americans as crude and immoral, by their standards, as a melting pot without a culture of its own. They also underestimated America's ability to unite for a cause and develop such a powerful bomb, perhaps because of the broadcasts by the Japanese media.

The United States citizens looked down upon the Japanese as well, disgusted by the brutality of medical experimentation on human subjects by the Japanese government . The treatment of POWs angered the United States as well; the notable photo of Australian Sgt. Leonard Siffleet about to be beheaded with a sword didn't help with anti-Japanese sentiments, which probably began with the \

Similarly to the actions of the Japanese media during World War II, the United States felt it necessary to dehumanize the enemy with bombs . Their refusal to accept defeat angered and put off Americans, as did Japanese propaganda. Boycotts on Japanese products popped up in America.

Culture clashes continue to leave gaps between America and Japan. News of sexual slavery during WWII on the part of Japan, and anti-Japanese sentiments evident in American societal products and business, keep the nations apart. (451 words)

31. The examples of Kennedy and Mary were provided to ____. A. Disguise some bad information. B. Uncover the truth about Japanese. C. Show the prejudice in the media.

D. Reveal the cultural differences.

32. The author quoted one American woman so as to ____. A. Argue that the Japanese in general distrusted Americans . B. Show how curious Japanese people were towards foreigners. C. Warn Americans of the possible dangers living in Japan.

D. Demonstrate the positive role of the Japanese government.

33. Which of the following does NOT describe Japanese view of American culture? A. Weak-unitedness B. Lack of morality C. Melting pot

D. Cruel mind

34. American disrespect for the Japanese is expressed in _____. A. Winning the war with atomic bombs. B. Stopping to buy Japanese-made goods C. Using human bodies for experiment. D. Taking brute revenge on Pearl Harbor.

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35. In the following text, the author will deal with _____. A. B. C. D.

Passage Four

In UK every year 400 patients die while waiting for an organ to come available. We are all far more likely to be in need of an organ transplant than to be a donor. Most of us expect that if we needed a transplant, someone would donate one. On the basis of the ethical golden rule –-- do unto others as you would want them to do for you, we should all think seriously about whether and how we could donate our organs if we no longer need them.

One important way to do this is to sign the organ donation register and to let loved ones know that you would like to donate after your death. 16 million people in the UK are on the register for organ donation.

However, there is another potential way of donating organs that we should consider. When patients are seriously ill in intensive care and not likely to recover doctors and families often decide to stop life support and let the patient die. 5000 patients in the UK per year die in these circumstances.

Here is how. We can give them the option in advance to donate their organs if they are ever going to have their treatment limited because their diagnosis is deemed hopeless. If the person agreed in advance to be such an organ donor, and an independent committee confirmed that the patient‘s diagnosis was hopeless and treatment should be stopped, the patient could be taken to an operating theatre in controlled circumstances, given a general anaesthetic and have their organs removed. The surgical procedure would be a form of euthanasia. This option would give people the best chance of ensuring that their organs do not go to waste after their death. It would also prevent the patient from suffering after life support was withdrawn. It would harm no one, and would potentially benefit a number of seriously ill patients in organ failure.

Importantly, what we are proposing is to give people a choice about how they die and whether they can donate their organs. Organ donation euthanasia would only be available to patients having life support stopped on grounds of futility. It would only apply to patients who are going to die anyway. It would only apply to patients who have specifically asked for this option during life, when they were competent and understood what was being offered.

This option may not be for everyone. Some people would not want the option of organ donation euthanasia. They should not be forced to. They may still want to be on the organ donor register and to donate their organs in case of brain death. But what we are proposing is that people who do want this option be given the choice. Deciding to donate your organs is one of the best decisions that we can make. We should support people who want to donate. We should give them the choice of organ donation euthanasia. (456 words)

36. From the beginning of the text it can be learned that _____.

A. Most of the UK patients die yearly due to the lack of proper organ transplant. B. Approximately 16 million American people are willing to donate organ.

C. The ethical golden rule maynot apply to the current issue of organ donation. D. The number of the organs needed exceeds that of the organs donated in UK.

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.Detailed description of the way Japan surprisingly attacked Pearl harbour More reports of how the Japanese intentionally abused media coverage. Ways of narrowing the cultural differences between the two countries Reasons of why people's beliefs and perceptions an be formed by media.

37. One result of the surgical euthanasia is ______. A. B. C. D.

Organs may be invalid before the death happens. An independent committee can make confirmation. Patients can be relieved of pre-death suffering. Any treatment should terminate to save resources.

38. According to paragraph 5, which of the following is NOT fit for organ donation euthanasia? A. Patients are terminally ill and dying hopelessly. B. Doctors decide to stop the medical procedures. C. Patients make the choice out of understanding. D. Life support is deemed useless and so confirmed.

39. It can be concluded that the most important characteristic of the proposal is _____. A. Donor's choice B. Organ euthanasia C. Public support D. Potential benefit 40. The best title of this passage may be _____. A. Free option before death B. Donation as a generosity C. A modest proposal D. Organ donation in UK

Section B

Directions: Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points).

Next month world leaders will gather in Copenhagen to thrash out a deal to tackle climate change. Reaching agreement at this UN summit will be the key to addressing one of the defining challenges of our century. But the hard work isn't just setting those targets, it's reaching them. Each country will have to set their own priorities to reduce emissions and here in the UK, we'll need to look close to home. Twenty-seven per cent of all the carbon emissions in this country actually come from the homes we all live in. So it's clear that improving the carbon footprint of our housing stock is crucial if we are to meet our legally binding carbon reduction targets.

Part of the solution lies in making the new homes we build as energy efficient as possible and I enthusiastically support the concept of building all new homes at zero carbon. However, the fact remains that 85% of the housing stock that we'll be living in by 2050 already exists.

So, there is a simple and, once again, inconvenient truth – greening-up the 25m existing homes is essential. The efficiency of these properties has been largely ignored thus far.

Under a Conservative government, however, we will introduce the Green Deal. Every household in this country will be entitled to an allowance of up to ￡6,500 for energy improvements. Utilities companies, charities, social landlords will improve homes with no cost to the homeowner. Healthy competition in those improvements will create 70,000 new jobs and a ￡2.5bn marketplace, while consumers save money and most importantly 9.4m tonnes of carbon emissions are avoided. It's a great scheme, but that doesn't necessarily lead to great take-up. The key is to create a trigger for people to easily and quickly sign up for home renovating.

Imagine if you could walk into your favourite store, buy some clothes or do your weekly

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shop and then at the checkout, as you hand over your clubcard, the cashier offers you the prospect of permanently lower utility bills. There's nothing to pay, now or later. Your home will be furnished and all you'll notice is that it costs less to heat and power it. Unless you enjoy burning money, you're going to love the Green Deal. Behind the scenes this retailer is working with the banking sector to fund the ￡6,500 spent on retro-fitting your home, resulting in home improvements like energy-efficient lighting, modern boilers, cavity and loft insulation.

Under a Conservative government you won't have to imagine this scheme, because the likes of Marks & Spencer and Tesco are already interested and more providers of all types will want to get in on the act. In future you'll be able to pick up your groceries and green up your home at the same time. But living a greener life isn't just about the physical changes you can make to your home; it's about how you live in it too.

41. Obviously, the improvement of the carbon footprint of our housing stock is of vital importance if _______.

42. The efficiency of making the 25m existing homes green _______.

43. Healthy competition in home improvements will create both jobs and marketplace, while ________.

44. Behind the scenes the seller and the banks pay for retro-fitting your home, _______ 45 In future it is anticipated that we'll be able to buy our groceries and _______. A B C D E F G

Part III

Directions: Read the following text carefully, and translate it into Chinese. Remember to put your answer on Answer Sheet II. (15%)

Meanwhile some research is being done to assess what the possible choices might do – new energy economy or not. Electric cars hold greater promise for reducing emissions and lowering U.S. oil imports than a national renewable standard. No cleverness, innovation, or risks –-- going for as much electrified personal transport as possible as a national policy does have two outstanding attributes. The primary one is the reduction in fossil fuel use –-- particularly imports if the administration and congress can get themselves and their liking for regulations and extra taxes under control. Transport fueling could be a U.S. self-sufficient market with some policy incentives and less penalty. The other would be the CO2 emission reduction.

That idea is really just a summary of many ideas that are available in a summary used during the huge amount of carbon emissions are reduced. costs less to heat and power the new homes.

we are to reach our targets that legally require carbon reduction. green up our home in the meanwhile. has not been paid due attention so far. building all houses with little or zero carbon bringing with a variety of home improvements.

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