广东省深圳市文汇中学七年级英语下册《Unit 5 Water》指导教学书

谈论数量：表示数量的词主要用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。

【解析】只用来修饰可数名词：a few，few，many，too many，too few，how many；

只用来修饰不可数名词：a little，little，much，too much，too little，how much；既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词：a lot of，lots of，plenty of，some，any , no;

十可数名词复数+不可数名词表示肯定 a few a little

表示否定few little

E.g． I have little time to do it．我没时间来做这件事。

Few people know the truth．几乎没人知道真相。

He has a few friends in Shenzhen．他在深圳有几个朋友。

Don’t worry, there is a little time left．别着急，还剩余一点时间。

【讲解2】a lot of+可数名词复数／不可数名词(=lots of)表示“许多”；

E.g． A lot of people are coming to see us．很多人来看我们。

Lots of milk is bad because of the hot weather．天热，很多牛奶都坏了。【讲解3】many；much表示“许多”；( many, much 通常用在否定句中)

E.g． He has collected many stamps．他收集了许多邮票。

The boy has much homework to do every day．男孩每天有很多作业要完成。

There isn’t much fresh water on Earth now. 如今地球上的淡水已不多了。【讲解4】 not many(=a few)；not much(=a little)表示“不多”；

E.g．—-How many oranges are there in the fridge? 一There are not many．

—-How much food is there on the table? 一There is not much．

【讲解5】too many；too little；too few；not enough表示“过多，过少，不够”；

E.g．1．There are too many visitors in the park．It seems so noisy．

公园里有太多的旅游者，显得很吵。

2．We have too little milk in the fridge．We had to buy some．

冰箱里的牛奶太少，我们得去买

3．He has too few eggs in the basket．Please get some mor e．

他篮子里的鸡蛋太少了，请再多拿一些。

4．We have not enough rice and bread．我们的米饭和面包不够。

【讲解6】too much；much too；

(1 )too much+不可数名词表示“过多”

E.g．He has too much water in the bottle．他瓶子中有太多的水。

(2 )much too+形容词表示“过于; 太”

E．g．It was much too cold，please close the window．太冷了，请关窗。

【讲解7】 no表示“没有” (=not any)；

E.g．There is no water in the bowl．(=There is not any water in the bowl．)碗里没水。

【讲解8】 none；no one表示“没有人／物”；

(1 ) none没有人或物

1.既可指人也可指物，反义词是all.

2.用于三者或以上，意为“没有人；没有什么东西；一个也不”。

3.它与of连用修饰名词复数或代词宾格复数作主语，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。

4.可用来回答how many +n, how much +n 引起的疑问句 .

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E.g．—-How many sheep are there in the house? —-None．一只也没有。

None of them knows Japanese. 他们当中没有人懂日语。

(2 ) no one没有人

1.no one意为“没有人”，只能指人，不能与of连用.

2.作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式

3.可用来回答who,引起的疑问句

E.g．He saw no one in the room．(=He didn’t see anyone in the room．)

他看见房间里空无一人。

—Who knows Japanese in our class? No one.

【讲解9】1 plenty of+可数名词复数／不可数名词：

E.g．There is plenty of rain here．这里雨水充足。

We have plenty of bottled drinks．我们有很多瓶装饮料。

【讲解10】 some；any +可数名词复数／不可数名词；

E.g．She gave some fish to the cat．她给了猫一些鱼肉。

She often writes to some friends．她常给一些朋友写信。

Do you have any penfrends ? 你有一些笔友吗?

I don’t have any ink in my pen．我的钢笔里没墨水了。

【讲解11】a number of：the number of；

(1 ) a number of+名词复数+复数谓语表示“一定数量的”“许多的；一些”“若干”

E.g A number of students are reading English in the classroom．很多学生在教室里朗读英语。

(2 )the number o f+名词复数+单数谓语表示“……的数量”

E.g The number of the girls in our grade is nearly 300．我们年级女孩子的数量将近300。

【讲解12】 how many；how much表示“多少”；

(1)how many+可数名词复数

E.g．How many pictures can you see on the wall? 你在墙上能看到多少张画?

(2)how much+不可数名词

E.g．How much pork do you need for the meal? 这顿饭你要多少猪肉?

【拓展】注意how的相关词组和短语：

(1 )how long 多久(应答方式：for+一段时间／since+时间点)

E.g．一How long has he lived here? 一Since two years ago．

(2 ) how often多久一次 (应答方式：once a week．／usually,)

E.g．一How often do they visit the Great Wall? —Once a year．

(3 ) how soon再过多久将发生某事(应答方式：in+一段时间)

E.g．一How soon will he come back again? ----In a week．

(4) how far多远(应答方式：…kilometres away．／t en minutes’ walk．

E.g．一How far is it from your school to the park? 一Twenty m inutes’walk．

(5 )how much多少钱(应答方式：…yuan)

E.g．一How much should I pay for it? 一Two hundred yuan．

(6) how many times多少次(应答方式：Once．／Twice．／Three ti mes．)

E.g．一How many times have you visited the museum? 一Four times．

【讲解13】 enough的用法。

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He is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree．(修饰adj．adv．，后置)

I have enough money for the car．(修饰名词可放在前面或后面)

quite a little=much，quite a few=many相当一些，许多

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