译林牛津高中英语必修一Unit-1 School-life知识点讲解及单元测试

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一、背词汇

(1)regulation n. (2)dormitory n. (3)determination n. (4)destination n. (5)board v. (6)achieve v. (7)compete v. (8)encourage v. (9)promote v.

(10)struggle v. (11)energetic adj. (12)constant adj. (13)tough adj. (14)despite prep. (15)head for (16)give up

(1)convenience n. (2)distinguish v. (3)motivate v. (4)compulsory adj. (5)harmonious adj. (6)a variety of (7)feel relieved

必修一Unit 1 School life

第一层级——背词汇、学写句,让作文有话可说

[常用词汇]

规章 宿舍 决心 目的地 寄宿 达到目的 竞争 鼓励 促进 奋斗;努力 精力充沛的 不变的 艰苦的 尽管 前往 放弃

[亮点词汇]

方便 使表现突出 激励 强迫的 和谐的 各种各样的 宽心

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(8)get along with (9)be addicted to (10)in high spirits

与??相处 沉迷于?? 兴高采烈地

二、学写句(按要求完成句子并背诵)

只有用这种方法我们才能过一个和谐的学英语角让我有机会凭借说一口流利的英变换句式 校生活。 写句子 语而扬名。 改 The English corner gives me a In this way we can lead a harmonious school life.(使用倒装句改写句子) chance to make myself known by speaking English fluently. Only in this way can we lead a harmonious school life. The English corner gives me a chance to distinguish_myself_by speaking English fluently.

(Ⅰ)单词拼写

1.I am pleased to inform (通知) you that you have won first prize in this month's competition. 2.The majority of the representatives didn't approve (赞同) of that project, thinking it would certainly destroy the forest.

3.When choosing between giving up his job and giving up his principles, Bob chose the former (前者).

4.It doesn't matter about her lack of experience (经验); we can easily train her for the job.

5.Television programming, radio broadcasts and films are excellent sources for learning fluent (流利的) English.

6.I found it very refreshing to exchange (交流) ideas with your father — he has some very original views on how to deal with modern industrial pollution.

7.Like many women of her age, Lily struggles (努力) to find a balance between her career and her family.

8.I won't suggest her respecting (尊重) me, but I only advise her not to think too much of herself. (Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空

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1.Now that my sons are becoming more independent (depend), I have more time for myself. 2.The festival was a great success, and preparations (prepare) are underway for another one next summer.

3.—Where's Jenny?

—She is in the teachers' office, being told how to write a speech at the graduation (graduate) ceremony. 4.Jennifer just can't stop making jokes about her sister whose cooking (cook) is always terrible. 5.Making learning to read easy means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable (enjoy) and frequent experience for children.

6.Jack felt rather disappointed when he failed to have the most challenging (challenge) job in the company.

(Ⅲ)语境填词

1.Few people are able to devote themselves fully to their careers. Once they are devoted to them, their devotion must bring them a big success.(devote) 2.The result of the experiment was very satisfying.Not only did we feel satisfied with it, but our teacher looked at us with satisfaction.(satisfy)

1.I think you should complain, unless, of course, you are_happy_with_(对??满意) the way things are.

2.The school makes it a rule to have students examined every term to make_sure_(确保) they are healthy.

3.Sally is_fond_of_(喜欢) singing foreign songs and few could match her in that, I suppose. 4.The teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Ted came_up_with_(想出) a good answer. 5.The medicine, if taken according_to_(根据) the instructions, will surely do your husband a lot of good.

6.Alice looked_over_(查看) the food in the refrigerator and found that she had eaten up all the eggs and butter.

7.Since certain kinds of power stations cause serious air pollution, we'd better make_use_of_(利用) other forms of energy like wind.

8.It is all part of growing up, and some day you will look_back_on_(回忆) all of this and say,“As hard as it was, it made me who I am today.”

【短语归纳】

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1.look back on 2.devote oneself to 3.donate ... to ... 4.think about 5.make sure 6.look over 7.make use of 8.come up with 9.be happy with 10.be fond of 11.in charge of 12.according to 回忆,回顾 专注于?? 把??捐赠给?? 考虑,思考 确保,确实 查阅,查看 利用 提出,想出 对??满意 喜爱,喜欢 负责,掌管 按照,根据

1.We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.

上某些课的时候,班上的同学也不一样,所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。 [解读] It is/was+n.+(for sb.)to do sth.为常用句型,句中的it为形式主语。 [仿写] 对于东京来说,获得2020年奥运会举办权是一个巨大的成功。 It is a great success for Tokyo to_win the 2020 Summer Olympic Games. 2.Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. 一完成学业,他就开始了中国之旅。

[解读] upon/on+doing sth.表示“一??就??”。 [仿写] 一听到《江南style》,许多人就禁不住随之跳起来。 On/Upon_hearing Gangnam style, many people can't help dancing to it. 3.The more choices you have, the better your decisions will be. 你选择余地越大,你的决定就会越好。

[解读] “the+比较级 ...,the+比较级 ... ”意为“越??,越??”。 [仿写] 你工作越努力,进步越快。

The_harder you work, the_greater_progress_you will make. 4.I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying.

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起初我有些紧张,但所有成员都是那么亲切、友好,我很快就不担心了。 [解读] so ... that ...“如此??以至于??”, that引导结果状语从句。 [仿写] 《中国好声音》是个非常好看的节目,以至于今天晚上我还想看。 The Voice of China is so_good_a_programme_that I'd like to watch it tonight again.

一、常考词汇细点拨

1.experience vt.经历,体验 n.[U]经验;[C]经历

[高考佳句] Just sitting in the wheelchair was a learning experience.(2013·新课标全国卷I完形) 只不过坐轮椅是一次学习经历。 (1)in one's experience 从某人的经验看,依某人的经验 (2)learn by/from experience 从经验中学习 have experience in ... (3)experienced adj. be experienced in doing ... 在??方面有经验 有经验的 在做??方面有经验 ①In my experience, very few people really understand the problem. 据我的经验看,真正理解这个问题的人很少。

②Marcello Lippi, the coach of Guangzhou Evergrande, has_much_experience_in_training football players.

马尔切洛·里皮,广州恒大的主教练在训练足球运动员方面有很多经验。

[名师指津] experience作“经验”讲,是不可数名词;作“经历、阅历”讲,是可数名词。 [一言串记] The experienced mountain climber experienced a lot of adventures, and he gained much experience from his own adventurous experiences.

这位有经验的登山运动员经历了许多冒险,从他自己的冒险经历中他收获了很多经验。 [链接高考]

(2010·福建高考)—Guess what, we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. —How nice! You ________ a different culture then. A.will be experiencing B.have experienced C.have been experiencing

D.will have experienced

解析:选A 由then可知,此处表示将来的某个时候在做某事,故用将来进行时,故选A。 2.respect n.[U]尊重;[C]点,方面vt.尊敬,敬重

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[教材原句] He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.

他还告诉我们,赢得尊敬的最佳途径就是努力学习得高分。 (1)have/show respect for ... in all/some/many respects out of respect for sb. (2)respect sb.for ... respect sb. as ... ①We all know young people should show respect for old people. 大家都知道年轻人要尊重老年人。

②Though dated in some respects, this essay is still popular with many young people. 尽管在某些方面有点过时,但该文章仍受到许多年轻人的喜爱。 ③We deeply respect_Zhang Lili for_what she has done for the children. 张丽莉因为她为孩子们所做的一切而受到我们由衷的尊敬。 [Word family]

尊重?? 在各个/某些/许多方面 出于对某人的尊敬 因??而尊重某人 尊某人为??

3.devote vt.献身,致力于

[高考佳句] For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world's best long-distance swimmers.(2012·天津高考阅读表达)

十年来奈雅德为能够成为一名世界最佳长距离游泳运动员而努力。 (1)devote oneself to 献身,致力于,专心于 devote ...to ... (2)devoted adj. be devoted to (3)devotion n. 把??用于??, 把??献给?? 忠实的,深爱的 深爱;致力于,专心于 关爱,关照;奉献,忠诚 ①After I had graduated, I continued to devote myself to research. 大学毕业后,我继续献身于科学研究。

②Completely devoted_to_the people, he gave his life in saving his patients.

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他忠于人民,把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。 ③As a soldier, he showed selfless devotion to duty. 作为一名战士,他表现出了对其天职的无私奉献。 [联想归纳] 表示“专心于??”的短语还有: ①be absorbed in;_ ②be addicted to; ③be lost in;_ ④be buried in

4.average adj.一般的,普通的;平均的n.平均,平均数 vt.平均为 [教材原句] This is about the average size for British schools. 这基本上相当于英国学校的平均班额。 on (the) average 平均地

above/below (the) average 平均水平以上/下 an average of ... 平均?? ①On average, people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do. 一般地说,不吸烟的人比吸烟的人更健康。

②Test scores for American students were above_average_in all participating countries. 在所有参与的国家中,美国学生的测试成绩在平均水平之上。 ③Prices of grain have risen by an average of 10% over the past two years. 粮食价格在过去两年平均上涨了10%。 [链接高考]

(2011·天津高考)He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects. A.below C.on

B.of D.above

解析:选D 考查介词。句意:他是一个好学生,在大部分科目上得分都高出平均分。below average“低于平均分”;on average“平均”;above average“高于平均分”。根据句意选D。

5.struggle n.难事;斗争;努力vi.奋斗,努力;挣扎

[高考佳句] His hands tell the story of his life as a farmer, including all his struggles. (2013·天津高考完形)

他的双手告诉了我们他农民生活的故事,包括他所有的拼搏努力。

struggle to do sth. struggle for struggle with/against

艰难地做某事,挣扎着做某事 为??而斗争 与??作斗争

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struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来

①There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival.(2012·北京高考阅读D)

地球上还有更多的人,他们想过上更好的生活而不是仅仅为生存拼搏,这是合情合理的。 ②We are struggling to change human behaviour in ways that protect health and reduce risks and threats.

我们正在努力改变人类的行为以保护健康并减少风险和威胁。 ③They had to struggle_with/against_all kinds of difficulties. 他们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。 [链接高考]

(2010·湖南高考)Dina, ________for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.

A.struggling C.having struggled

B.struggled D.to struggle

解析:选C 句意:迪娜在经过数月努力寻找一份服务员的工作未果后,最后她终于在当地的一家广告公司找到了一个职位。句子中Dina和struggle之间是主动关系,故可首先排除B项;不定式通常表示将来的动作,不合题意;struggle和take之间存在明显的先后关系,所以使用现在分词的完成式having struggled作时间状语。

6.exchange n.& vt.交换;交流;兑换

[教材原句] Next year, I plan on attending a high school in China on a student exchange programme, and I found your article a great encouragement to me.

明年我打算按照学生交流计划到中国的一所高中学习,我觉得你的文章对我来说是个很大的鼓励。

(1)in exchange (for ...) 作为交换(??) (2)exchange ... for ... exchange ... with ... 以??交换?? 与??交换?? ①Could you tell me where I can exchange my dollars for pounds? 请你告诉我在哪里可以把美元换成英镑好吗?

②We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.(2013·重庆高考书面表达)

我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见,他们经验丰富,而且最重要的是,在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。

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7.inform vt.通知,告知

[教材原句] We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday, Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting.

我们很遗憾地通知您,我们图书馆将在下周三、周四和周五因运动会而关闭。 (1)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事 inform sb.that-/wh-clause keep sb. informed of ... (2)information n.[U] 通知某人?? 随时告知某人?? 信息;资料 ①I'll leave it to you to inform him of our plan. 把我们的计划通知他,这事就交给你了。

②Please keep_me_informed if anything unusual happens. 如果发生什么不寻常的事情,请随时告诉我。

③Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information, such as the telephone numbers they once used. (2013·广东高考阅读D)

它们是一些这样的项目,用一些私人信息,如他们曾用过的电话号码等来核查学生的身份。 [联想归纳] inform 不可以直接带双宾语,而是借助介词of/about, 构成“inform sb. of/about sth.”结构。类似的短语还有:

①warn_sb. of sth. ②cure sb. of sth. ③remind_sb. of sth. ④convince_sb. of sth. ⑤accuse_sb. of sth. ⑥suspect_sb. of sth. ⑦rob sb. of sth.

警告某人当心某事

治愈某人的疾病;矫正某人的不良行为 提醒某人想起某事 使某人确信某事 控告某人某事 怀疑某人某事 抢了某人某物

8.approve vt.批准,认可 vi.赞成,同意

[教材原句] He approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student member.

他同意了这个想法,两年后,我作为俱乐部的元老级成员负责广播俱乐部的工作。 (1)approve of sb./sth. 赞成/同意某人/某事 approve of (sb.'s) doing sth. (2)approval n.

同意(某人)做某事 同意;批准 第 9 页 共 9 页

①Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.(2013·安徽高考阅读E)

尽管并不是每一个人都赞成这个新舞蹈并且说它有点太令人惊讶,然而它的确拥有足够的支持者并使它迅速流行起来。

②He doesn't approve_of_my/me_leaving_school this year. 他不同意我今年离校。

③His plan was approved, and the approval won him many approving glances. 他的计划被批准了,这项计划的批准为他赢得了许多赞许的目光。 9.charge n.负责,掌管;费用vt.使承担责任;收费,要价;控告

[高考佳句] The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm (Fridays 10 am to 9 pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.(2013·新课标全国卷I阅读D)

艺术馆每天上午10点到下午6点(周五上午10点到下午9点)对外开放并且免费,但个别展览项目要收费。

(1)take charge of 负责,接管 in charge (of) in/under the charge of free of charge 负责,掌管 由??负责 免费 (2)charge sb. (money) for sth. 为某事收取某人费用 charge sb.with sth. 指控某人犯??罪 ①He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时,他负责这个商店。

②The fridge will be delivered to your house free of charge. 冰箱会为你免费送上门。

③The company in_the_charge_of him was charged with charging the customers' extra fees. 他负责的那家公司因为收取顾客额外的费用而被指控。 [熟词生义] 猜测句中 charge 的含义 ④The phone won't work if it isn't charged up. A.收费 B.给??充电 C.使承担责任 答案:B

[联想归纳] in charge of “负责,掌管”,主语通常为人,含主动意义;in the charge of “由??负责/掌管”,主语通常为物,含被动意义。类似短语还有:

?in control of 控制

①?

in the control of 由??控制?

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