数据库 专业英语翻译

数据库专业英语翻译

数据库

数据库（Database）是按照数据结构来组织、存储和管理数据的仓库，它产生于距今五十年前，随着信息技术和市场的发展，特别是二十世纪九十年代以后，数据管理不再仅仅是存储和管理数据，而转变成用户所需要的各种数据管理的方式。数据库有很多种类型，从最简单的存储有各种数据的表格到能够进行海量数据存储的大型数据库系统都在各个方面得到了广泛的应用。

一．数据管理的诞生

数据库的历史可以追溯到五十年前，那时的数据管理非常简单。通过大量的分类、比较和表格绘制的机器运行数百万穿孔卡片来进行数据的处理，其运行结果在纸上打印出来或者制成新的穿孔卡片。而数据管理就是对所有这些穿孔卡片进行物理的储存和处理。然而，1 9 5 1 年雷明顿兰德公司（Remington Rand Inc.）的一种叫做Univac I 的计算机推出了一种一秒钟可以输入数百条记录的磁带驱动器，从而引发了数据管理的革命。1956 年IBM生产出第一个磁盘驱动器—— the Model 305 RAMAC。此驱动器有50 个盘片，每个盘片直径是2 英尺，可以储存5MB的数据。使用磁盘最大的好处是可以随机地存取数据，而穿孔卡片和磁带只能顺序存取数据。

数据库系统的萌芽出现于60 年代。当时计算机开始广泛地应用于数据管理，对数据的共享提出了越来越高的要求。传统的文件系统已经不能满足人们的需要。能够统一管理和共享数据的数据库管理系统（DBMS）应运而生。数据模型是数据库系统的核心和基础，各种DBMS 软件都是基于某种数据模型的。所以通常也按照数据模型的特点将传统数据库系统分成网状数据库、层次数据库和关系数据库三类。

二．结构化查询语言(SQL)

1974 年，IBM的Ray Boyce和Don Chamberlin将Codd关系数据库的12条准则的数学定义以简单的关键字语法表现出来，里程碑式地提出了SQL(Structured Query Language)语言。SQL语言的功能包括查询、操纵、定义和控制，是一个综合的、通用的关系数据库语言，同时又是一种高度非过程化的语言，只要求用户指出做什么而不需要指出怎么做。SQL集成实现了数据库生命周期中的全部操作。SQL提供了与关系数据库进行交互的方法，它可以与标准的编程语言一起工作。自产生之日起，SQL语言便成了检验关系数据库的试金石，而SQL语言标准的每一次变更都指导着关系数据库产品的发展方向。然而，

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直到二十世纪七十年代中期，关系理论才通过SQL在商业数据库Oracle和DB2中使用。

1986年，ANSI把SQL作为关系数据库语言的美国标准，同年公布了标准SQL文本。目前SQL标准有3个版本。基本SQL定义是ANSIX3135-89，“Database Language - SQL with Integrity Enhancement”[ANS89]，一般叫做SQL-89。SQL-89定义了模式定义、数据操作和事务处理。SQL- 89和随后的ANSIX3168-1989，“Database Language-Embedded SQL”构成了第一代SQL标准。ANSIX3135-1992[ANS92]描述了一种增强功能的SQL，现在叫做SQL-92标准。SQL-92包括模式操作，动态创建和SQL语句动态执行、网络环境支持等增强特性。在完成SQL-92标准后，ANSI和ISO即开始合作开发SQL3标准。SQL3的主要特点在于抽象数据类型的支持，为新一代对象关系数据库提供了标准。

三．数据库中数据的性质

1.数据整体性：数据库是一个单位或是一个应用领域的通用数据处理系统，他存储的是属于企业和事业部门、团体和个人的有关数据的集合。数据库中的数据是从全局观点出发建立的，他按一定的数据模型进行组织、描述和存储。其结构基于数据间的自然联系，从而可提供一切必要的存取路径，且数据不再针对某一应用，而是面向全组织，具有整体的结构化特征。

2.数据共享性：数据库中的数据是为众多用户所共享其信息而建立的，已经摆脱了具体程序的限制和制约。不同的用户可以按各自的用法使用数据库中的数据；多个用户可以同时共享数据库中的数据资源，即不同的用户可以同时存取数据库中的同一个数据。数据共享性不仅满足了各用户对信息内容的要求，同时也满足了各用户之间信息通信的要求。

四．面向对象数据库

随着信息技术和市场的发展，人们发现关系型数据库系统虽然技术很成熟，但其局限性也是显而易见的：它能很好地处理所谓的“表格型数据”，却对技术界出现的越来越多的复杂类型的数据无能为力。九十年代以后，技术界一直在研究和寻求新型数据库系统。但在什么是新型数据库系统的发展方向的问题上，产业界一度是相当困惑的。受当时技术风潮的影响，在相当一段时间内，人们把大量的精力花在研究“面向对象的数据库系统(object oriented database)”或简称“OO数据库系统”。值得一提的是，美国Stonebraker教授提出的面向对象的关系型数据库理论曾一度受到产业界的青睐。而Stonebraker本人也在当时被Informix花大

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价钱聘为技术总负责人。

然而，数年的发展表明，面向对象的关系型数据库系统产品的市场发展的情况并不理想。理论上的完美性并没有带来市场的热烈反应。其不成功的主要原因在于，这种数据库产品的主要设计思想是企图用新型数据库系统来取代现有的数据库系统。这对许多已经运用数据库系统多年并积累了大量工作数据的客户，尤其是大客户来说，是无法承受新旧数据间的转换而带来的巨大工作量及巨额开支的。另外，面向对象的关系型数据库系统使查询语言变得极其复杂，从而使得无论是数据库的开发商家还是应用客户都视其复杂的应用技术为畏途。

五．基本结构

数据库的基本结构分三个层次，反映了观察数据库的三种不同角度。

(1)物理数据层。

它是数据库的最内层，是物理存贮设备上实际存储的数据的集合。这些数据是原始数据，是用户加工的对象，由内部模式描述的指令操作处理的位串、字符和字组成。

(2)概念数据层。

它是数据库的中间一层，是数据库的整体逻辑表示。指出了每个数据的逻辑定义及数据间的逻辑联系，是存贮记录的集合。它所涉及的是数据库所有对象的逻辑关系，而不是它们的物理情况，是数据库管理员概念下的数据库。

(3)逻辑数据层。

它是用户所看到和使用的数据库，表示了一个或一些特定用户使用的数据集合，即逻辑记录的集合。

数据库不同层次之间的联系是通过映射进行转换的。

六．主要特点

(1)实现数据共享。

数据共享包含所有用户可同时存取数据库中的数据，也包括用户可以用各种方式通过接口使用数据库，并提供数据共享。

(2)减少数据的冗余度。

同文件系统相比，由于数据库实现了数据共享，从而避免了用户各自建立应用文件。减少了大量重复数据，减少了数据冗余，维护了数据的一致性。

(3)数据的独立性。

数据的独立性包括数据库中数据库的逻辑结构和应用程序相互独立，也包括

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数据物理结构的变化不影响数据的逻辑结构。

(4)数据实现集中控制。

文件管理方式中，数据处于一种分散的状态，不同的用户或同一用户在不同处理中其文件之间毫无关系。利用数据库可对数据进行集中控制和管理，并通过数据模型表示各种数据的组织以及数据间的联系。

(5)数据一致性和可维护性，以确保数据的安全性和可靠性。

主要包括：①安全性控制：以防止数据丢失、错误更新和越权使用；②完整性控制：保证数据的正确性、有效性和相容性；③并发控制：使在同一时间周期内，允许对数据实现多路存取，又能防止用户之间的不正常交互作用；④故障的发现和恢复：由数据库管理系统提供一套方法，可及时发现故障和修复故障，从而防止数据被破坏

(6)故障恢复。

由数据库管理系统提供一套方法，可及时发现故障和修复故障，从而防止数据被破坏。数据库系统能尽快恢复数据库系统运行时出现的故障，可能是物理上或是逻辑上的错误。比如对系统的误操作造成的数据错误等。

七．数据库分类

1.麦杰的openPlant实时数据库

实时数据库系统是数据库理论在新领域的扩展，在电力、化工、钢铁、冶金、造纸、交通控制和证券金融等领域有着非常广阔的应用前景。它可以为企业提供高速、及时的实时数据服务，能够对快速变化的实时数据进行长期高效的历史存储，是工厂控制层（现场总线、DCS、PLC等）与生产管理系统之间连接的桥梁，同时也是流程模拟、先进控制、在线优化、故障诊断等系统的数据平台。

OpenPlant实时数据库系统采用当今先进的技术和架构，可安全、稳定地实现与现场各控制系统的接口，并能对采集来的数据进行高效的数据压缩和长期的历史存储，同时提供方便易用的客户端应用和通用的数据接口（API/DDE/ODBC/JDBC/OPC等），使企业的管理和决策人员能及时、全面的了解当前的生产情况，也可回顾过去的生产情况，及时发现生产中所存在的问题，提高设备利用率，降低生产成本，增强企业的核心竞争力。

2.IBM 的DB2

作为关系数据库领域的开拓者和领航人，IBM在1977年完成了System R系统的原型，1980年开始提供集成的数据库服务器—— System/38，随后是

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SQL/DSforVSE和VM，其初始版本与SystemR研究原型密切相关。DB2 forMVSV1 在1983年推出。该版本的目标是提供这一新方案所承诺的简单性，数据不相关性和用户生产率。1988年DB2 for MVS 提供了强大的在线事务处理（OLTP）支持，1989 年和1993 年分别以远程工作单元和分布式工作单元实现了分布式数据库支持。最近推出的DB2 Universal Database 6.1则是通用数据库的典范，是第一个具备网上功能的多媒体关系数据库管理系统，支持包括Linux在内的一系列平台。

3．Oracle

Oracle 前身叫SDL，由Larry Ellison 和另两个编程人员在1977创办，他们开发了自己的拳头产品，在市场上大量销售，1979 年，Oracle公司引入了第一个商用SQL 关系数据库管理系统。Oracle公司是最早开发关系数据库的厂商之一，其产品支持最广泛的操作系统平台。目前Oracle关系数据库产品的市场占有率名列前茅。

rmix

Informix在1980年成立，目的是为Unix等开放操作系统提供专业的关系型数据库产品。公司的名称Informix便是取自Information 和Unix的结合。Informix第一个真正支持SQL语言的关系数据库产品是Informix SE（StandardEngine）。InformixSE是在当时的微机Unix环境下主要的数据库产品。它也是第一个被移植到Linux上的商业数据库产品。

5.Sybase

Sybase公司成立于1984年，公司名称“Sybase”取自“system”和“database” 相结合的含义。Sybase公司的创始人之一Bob Epstein 是Ingres 大学版（与System/R同时期的关系数据库模型产品）的主要设计人员。公司的第一个关系数据库产品是1987年5月推出的Sybase SQLServer1.0。Sybase首先提出Client/Server数据库体系结构的思想，并率先在Sybase SQLServer中实现。

6.SQL Server

1987 年，微软和IBM合作开发完成OS/2，IBM 在其销售的OS/2 ExtendedEdition 系统中绑定了OS/2Database Manager，而微软产品线中尚缺少数据库产品。为此，微软将目光投向Sybase，同Sybase 签订了合作协议，使用Sybase的技术开发基于OS/2平台的关系型数据库。1989年，微软发布了SQL Server 1.0 版。

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7.PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL 是一种特性非常齐全的自由软件的对象——关系性数据库管理系统（ORDBMS），它的很多特性是当今许多商业数据库的前身。PostgreSQL最早开始于BSD的Ingres项目。PostgreSQL 的特性覆盖了SQL-2/SQL-92和SQL-3。首先，它包括了可以说是目前世界上最丰富的数据类型的支持；其次，目前PostgreSQL 是唯一支持事务、子查询、多版本并行控制系统、数据完整性检查等特性的唯一的一种自由软件的数据库管理系统.

8.mySQL

mySQL是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统，开发者为瑞典MySQL AB公司。在2008年1月16号被Sun公司收购。目前MySQL被广泛地应用在Internet上的中小型网站中。由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，许多中小型网站为了降低网站总体拥有成本而选择了MySQL作为网站数据库

9.Access数据库

美国Microsoft公司于1994年推出的微机数据库管理系统。它具有界面友好、易学易用、开发简单、接口灵活等特点，是典型的新一代桌面数据库管理系统。其主要特点如下：

(1)完善地管理各种数据库对象，具有强大的数据组织、用户管理、安全检查等功能。

(2)强大的数据处理功能，在一个工作组级别的网络环境中，使用Access开发的多用户数据库管理系统具有传统的XBASE(DBASE、FoxBASE的统称)数据库系统所无法实现的客户服务器(Cient/Server)结构和相应的数据库安全机制，Access具备了许多先进的大型数据库管理系统所具备的特征，如事务处理/出错回滚能力等。

(3)可以方便地生成各种数据对象，利用存储的数据建立窗体和报表，可视性好。

(4)作为Office套件的一部分，可以与Office集成，实现无缝连接。

(5)能够利用Web检索和发布数据，实现与Internet的连接。 Access主要适用于中小型应用系统，或作为客户机/服务器系统中的客户端数据库。

10.SQLite

SQLite是遵守ACID的关联式资料库管理系统，它包含在一个相对小的C

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库中。它是D.RichardHipp建立的公有领域项目。不像常见的客户端/服务器结构范例，SQLite引擎不是个程序与之通信的独立进程，而是连接到程序中成为它的一个主要部分。所以主要的通信协议是在编程语言内的直接API调用。这在消耗总量、延迟时间和整体简单性上有积极的作用。整个数据库（定义、表、索引和数据本身）都在宿主主机上存储在一个单一的文件中。它的简单的设计是通过在开始一个事务的时候锁定整个数据文件而完成的。

11.FoxPro数据库

最初由美国Fox公司1988年推出，1992年Fox公司被Microsoft公司收购后，相继推出了FoxPro2.5、2.6和VisualFoxPro等版本，其功能和性能有了较大的提高。 FoxPro2.5、2.6分为DOS和Windows两种版本，分别运行于DOS和Windows环境下。FoxPro比FoxBASE在功能和性能上又有了很大的改进，主要是引入了窗口、按纽、列表框和文本框等控件，进一步提高了系统的开发能力。

八．常用数据库

1.MySQL是最流行的开放源码SQL数据库管理系统，是由MySQL AB公司开发、发布并支持的。MySQL AB是由多名MySQL开发人创办的一家商业公司。它是一家第二代开放源码公司，结合了开放源码价值取向、方法和成功的商业模型。

特点：

MySql的核心程序采用完全的多线程编程。线程是轻量级的进程，它可以灵活地为用户提供服务，而不过多的系统资源。

MySql可运行在不同的操作系统下。简单地说，MySql可以支持Windows95/98/NT/2000以及UNIX、Linux和SUN OS等多种操作系统平台。

MySql有一个非常灵活而且安全的权限和口令系统。当客户与MySql服务器连接时，他们之间所有的口令传送被加密，而且MySql支持主机认证。

支持ODBC for Windows。MySql支持所有的ODBC 2.5函数和其他许多函数，这样就可以用Access连接MySql服务器，从而使得MySql的应用被大大扩展。

MySql支持大型的数据库。虽然对于用Php编写的网页来说只要能够存放上百条以上的记录数据就足够了，但MySql可以方便地支持上千万条记录的数据库。

MySql拥有一个非常快速而且稳定的基于线程的内存分配系统，可以持续使

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用面不必担心其稳定性。

强大的查询功能。MySql支持查询的SELECT和WHERE语句的全部运算符和函数，并且可以在同一查询中混用来自不同数据库的表，从而使得查询变得快捷和方便。

PHP为MySql提供了强力支持，PHP中提供了一整套的MySql函数，对MySql进行了全方位的支持。

2.SQLServer是基于服务器端的中型的数据库，可以适合大容量数据的应用，在功能上管理上也要比 Access要强得多。在处理海量数据的效率，后台开发的灵活性，可扩展性等方面强大。因为现在数据库都使用标准的SQL语言对数据库进行管理，所以如果是标准SQL语言，两者基本上都可以通用的。92HeZu网全部双线合租空间均可使用Access数据库，同时也支持SQL Server。SQL Server还有更多的扩展，可以用存储过程，数据库大小无极限限制。

图形化用户界面，使系统管理和数据库管理更加直观、简单。

真正的客户机/服务器体系结构。

丰富的编程接口工具，为用户进行程序设计提供了更大的选择余地。

SQL Server与Windows NT完全集成，利用了NT的许多功能，如发送和接受消息，管理登录安全性等。SQL Server也可以很好地与microsoft BackOffice产品集成。

具有很好的伸缩性，可跨越从运行Windows 95/98的膝上型电脑到运行Windows 2000的大型多处理器等多种平台使用。

对Web技术的支持，使用户能够很容易地将数据库中的数据发布到Web页面上。

SQL Server提供数据仓库功能，这个功能只在Oracle和其他更昂贵的DBMS中才有。

3.Access是一种桌面数据库，只适合数据量少的应用，在处理少量数据和单机访问的数据库时是很好的，效率也很高。但是它的同时访问客户端不能多于4个。access数据库有一定的极限，如果数据达到100M左右，很容易造成服务器iis假死，或者消耗掉服务器的内存导致服务器崩溃。

九．未来发展趋势

随着信息管理内容的不断扩展，出现了丰富多样的数据模型（层次模型，网状模型，关系模型，面向对象模型，半结构化模型等），新技术也层出不穷（数

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据流，Web数据管理，数据挖掘等）。目前每隔几年，国际上一些资深的数据库专家就会聚集一堂，探讨数据库研究现状，存在的问题和未来需要关注的新技术焦点。过去已有的几个类似报告包括：1989 年Future Directions inDBMS Research-The Laguna BeachParticipants ，1990 年DatabaseSystems : Achievements and Opportunities ，1995 年的Database 1991：W.H. Inmon 发表了《构建数据仓库》

数据库专业英语翻译

database

Database is in accordance with the data structure to organize, storage and management of data warehouse, which arises from fifty years ago, with the dating of information technology and the development of the market, especially since the 1990s, data management is no longer merely data storage and management, and transformed into user needs of the various data management way. The database has a variety of types, from the most simple storage have various data form to can be carried out mass data storage of large database systems are obtained in each aspect has extensive application. The birth of data management

Database's history can be traced back to fifty years ago, when the data management is very simple. Through a lot of classification, comparison and form rendering machine running millions of punched CARDS for data processing, its operation results on paper printed or punched card made new. While the data management is punched card for all these physical storage and handling. However, 1 9 5 1 year Remington Rand corporation (Remington Rand Inc.) an enzyme called Univac I computer launched a a second can input hundreds of recording tape drives, which has caused data management revolution. 1956 IBM produce the first disk drives -- the RAMAC Model 305. This drives have 50 blanks, each blanks diameter is 2 feet, can store 5 MB of data. The biggest advantage is use disk can be randomly access data, and punched CARDS and tape can order access data.

Database system appears in the 1960s the bud. When computer began to widely used in data management, the sharing of data put forward more and more high demand. The traditional file system already cannot satisfy people's needs. Manage and share data can unify the database management system (DBMS) came into being. The data model is the core and foundation of database system, various DBMS software are based on a data model. So usually in accordance with the characteristics of the data model and the traditional database system into mesh database, the hierarchy database and relational database three types.

Structured query language (SQL)

In 1974, IBM's Ray Boyce and Don Chamberlin will Codd relational database 12 rule mathematical definition with simple keyword grammar expression comes out, put forward the landmark Structured Query Language (SQL) Language. SQL language features include inquiry, manipulation, definition and control, is a comprehensive, general relational database language, and at the same time, a highly the process of language, only request users do not need pointed out how do pointed out. SQL integration achieved database of all life cycle operation. SQL database provides and relations

数据库专业英语翻译

interact with the method, it can work with standard programming language. The date of the produce, SQL language became the touchstone of inspection relational database, and SQL standard every variation of guiding the relational database product development direction. However, until the twentieth century, the mid 1970s to the theory of relation in commercial database Oracle and SQL used in DB2.

In 1986, the SQL as ANSI relational database language American standards, that same year announced the standard SQL text. Currently SQL standard has three versions. ANSIX3135 - is defined as the basic SQL Database Language - 89, "Enhancement" SQL. A ANS89] [, generally called SQL - 89. SQL - 89 defines the schema definition, data operation and the transaction. SQL - 89 and subsequent ANSIX3168-1989, "Language - Embedded SQL Database, constituted the first generation of SQL standard. ANSIX3135-1992 [ANS92] describes a enhancements of SQL, now called SQL - 92 standards. SQL - 92 including mode operation, dynamic creation and SQL statements dynamic executive, network environment support enhancement. Upon completion of SQL - 92 ANSI and ISO standard, they started SQL3 standards development cooperation. The main features SQL3 abstract data types support, for the new generation of object relational database provides standard.

The nature of database data

1. Data integrity: database is a unit or an application field of general data processing system, he storage is to belong to enterprise and business departments, organizations and individuals set of related data. Database data from a global view, he according to certain data model organization, description and storage. Based on the structure of data between natural relation, thus can provide all the necessary access route, and data no longer deal with a certain applications, but for total organization, with a whole structural features.

2. Data sharing: database data is for many users sharing their information and the establishment, got rid of the specific procedures restrictions and restraint. Different users can use the database according to their respective usage the data; Multiple users can also Shared database data resource, i.e., different users can also access database in the same data. Data sharing each user not only meets the requirements of information, but also meet the various users of information communication between the requirements.

Object-oriented database

Along with the development of information technology and the market, people found relational database system, while technology is mature, but its limitations is obvious: it can be a very good treatment of so-called "form of data", but of dominating the more and more complex appear helpless type of data. Since the 1990s, technology has been studying and seek new database

数据库专业英语翻译

system. But in what is the development direction of the new database system, industry once is quite confused. The influence of agitation by technology at the time, for quite some time, people put a lot of energy spent on research "object-oriented database system (object oriented database)" or simply as "OO database system". What is worth mentioning, the United States Stonebraker professor proposed object-oriented RDS theory once favored by industry. And in Stonebraker himself Informix spend big money was then appointed technology director always.

However, several years of development, spatio-temporal object-oriented relational database system product market development situation is not good. Theoretically perfect sex didn't bring market warm response. The main reason of success, the main design thought database products with new database system is an attempt to replace the existing database system. This for many has been using database system for years and accumulated the massive job data, especially big customer for customers, is unable to withstand the conversion between old and new data that huge workload and big spending. In addition, object-oriented RDS system makes query language extremely complex, so whether database development businessman or application customers depending on the complicated application technology to be a dangerous road.

Basic structure

The basic structure of database, reflects the three levels of observation database of three different Angle.

(1) physical data layer.

It is the most lining, is database on physical storage equipment actually stored data collection. These data are raw data, the object, the user is processed by internal model describing the throne of handled the instructions of string, character and word.

(2) conceptual data layer.

It is a layer of database, is among the whole logic said. Database Points out the logic of each data definition and the logical connection between data collection of storage and record, is. It is related to the database all objects logical relationship, not their physical condition, is under the database administrator concept of database.

(3) logical data layer.

It is the user sees and use the database, says one or some specific users use collections of data, namely the logical record set.

Database different levels is the connection between conversion by mapping. Main features

(1) to implement the data sharing.

Data sharing contains all users can also access database data, including the

数据库专业英语翻译

user can use all sorts of ways to use the database through interfaces, and provide data sharing.

(2) reduce data redundancy.

Compared with the file system, because the database to achieve data sharing so as to avoid the user respective establish application documentation. Reduce a lot of repeating data, reduce the data redundancy, maintain the consistency of the data.

(3) data of independence.

Data independence including database database of logical structure and application independent, also including data physical structure change does not affect the data of the logical structure.

(4) data realize central control.

File management mode, data in a decentralized state, different user or same users in different treatment had no relation between the documents. Using the database of data can be concentrated control and management, and through the data model of data organization and said the relation between data.

(5) the data consistency and maintainability, to ensure the safety and reliability of the data.

Mainly includes: (1) the safety control: to prevent data loss, error updating and excessive use; (2) the integrity control: ensure data accuracy, effectiveness and compatibility; (3) the concurrent control: make in the same time period to allow data realization muli-access, and can prevent users of abnormal interaction between; (4) fault finding and recovery: the database management system provides a set of method, can isolate faults and repair fault, thereby preventing data breaches

(6) fault recovery.

The database management system provides a set of method, can isolate faults and repair fault, thereby preventing data breaches. Database system can restore database system is running as soon as possible, is probably the fault occurred in the physical or logical error. For instance, in system caused by incorrect operation data error, etc.

Database classification

1. The MaiJie openPlant real-time database

Real-time database system is a new field in database theory expansion, in power, chemical, steel, metallurgy, papermaking, traffic control and securities finance and other fields has a very broad application prospect. It can provide enterprises with high speed, timely real-time data services, to the rapidly changing real-time data to carry on the long-term effective history storage, is a factory control layer (fieldbus, DCS, PLC, etc) and production management system of the connection between the bridge, also process simulation, advanced control, online optimization, fault diagnosis system data platform. OpenPlant real-time database system used in today's advanced technology and architecture, can realize safe, stable and field each control system of the

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interface, and collected data efficient data compression and China's long history of storage, meanwhile, we also provide convenient client application and general data interface (API/DDE/ODBC/JDBC/OPC, etc.), make the enterprise management and decision makers can prompt, and comprehensive understanding of the current production situation, also can look back at past production conditions, the timely discovery and the problems existing in the production, improve equipment utilization rate, reduce production cost, the enhancement enterprise's core competitive ability.

2. IBM DB2

As the pioneer and relational database fields, IBM pilot in 1977 completed System R System prototype, 1980 began to provide integrated database server - System / 38, followed by SQL/DSforVSE and VM, and its initial version is closely related with SystemR research prototype. In 1983 forMVSV1 DB2 launch. This version of the objective is to provide the new plan promised simplicity, data don't correlation and user productivity. 1988 DB2 for MVS provides a powerful online transaction processing (OLTP) support, 1989 and 1993 respectively to remote work unit and distributed work unit realized distributed database support. Recently launched Universal Database 6.1 is DB2 Database model gm, is the first online function with multimedia relational Database management system, support includes a series of platform, Linux.

3. Oracle

Oracle predecessor called SDL Ellison and another by a benchwarmer in 1977 founded two programmers, they have developed their own fist product in the market, a large sale, 1979, Oracle company introduces the first commercial SQL relational database management system. Oracle corporation is the earliest development relational database, its product support and producers of the most widely operating system platform. Now Oracle relational database products market share a front-runner.

4. Informix

Informix founded in 1980, the purpose is for Unix operating system to provide professional such open relational database products. The company's name from Information and Informix is the combination of Unix. Informix first truly support SQL database products is the relationship between Informix SE (StandardEngine). InformixSE is at the time of the microcomputer Unix environment main database products. It is also the first to be transplanted into the commercial database products on Linux.

5. Sybase

Sybase company was founded in 1984, the company name "Sybase" from "the system" and "database" combination of meaning. One of the company's founder Bob Sybase Epstein is Ingres university edition (and System/R the same period the relational database model products) of main design personnel. The company's first a relational database products are launched in 1987 SQLServer1.0 Sybase may. Sybase are first proposed the structure of database system/Server thoughts, and took the lead in SQLServer Sybase

数据库专业英语翻译

6. SQL Server

In 1987, Microsoft and IBM cooperative development complete OS / 2, IBM in its sales OS / 2 ExtendedEdition system binding Manager, and 2Database OS/production line is still lack of database of Microsoft products. Therefore, Microsoft will Sybase, Sybase foreign-exchange signed cooperation agreements with the technical development, the use of Sybase based on OS / 2 platform relational database. In 1989, Microsoft released SQL Server version 1.0.

7. PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is a characteristic very complete free software objects - relational database management system (ORDBMS), and many of its characteristic is many of today's commercial database predecessor. The earliest PostgreSQL Ingres project started in BSD the. The characteristics of PostgreSQL covering the SQL - 2 / SQL - 92 and SQL - 3. First, it includes can say to the world's most abundant data types of support; Second, at present PostgreSQL is the only support affairs, son query, multiple versions parallel control system, data integrity checking the only features such as a free software database management system.

8. MySQL

MySQL is a small relational database management system, developers for Sweden mySQL AB corporation. In January 2008, was 16 from takeover. Currently MySQL is widely used in the small and medium-sized websites on the Internet. Because of its small size, speed, overall has low cost, especially open-source this one characteristic, many small and medium-sized web site, in order to reduce the overall cost of ownership website and selected MySQL as website database

9 in Access databases

American Microsoft company in 1994 launched microcomputer database management system. It has friendly interface, easy easy to use, development is simple, flexible, and other features, is the interface typical of the new generation of desktop database management system. Its main features below:

(1) perfect management, various database objects of strong data organization, user management, safety inspection functions.

(2) strong data processing functions, in a group level of network environment, use Access development multi-user database management system have traditional XBASE (DBASE, FoxBASE collectively) database system can achieve client/Server (Cient/Server) structure and the corresponding database security mechanism, the Access has many advanced large database management system has the characteristics, such as transaction processing/error rollback ability, etc.

(3) can be easily generate various data object, using the data stored build forms and statements, visibility.

(4) as Office suite, and part of the integrated, realize seamless connection

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(5) can use Web searching and release data, realization and Internet connection. Access mainly suitable for small and medium application system, or as a client/server system of the client database.

10. SQLite

The ACID is to comply with SQLite relational databases management system, it contained within a relatively small C library. It is ichardHipp D.R established public domain project. Not as common client/server architecture examples, with SQLite engine is not a process of communication independent process, but connected to the program become a major part of it. So the main communication protocol is within the programming language direct API calls. This in gross consumption, time delay and overall simplicity have positive role. The entire database (definition, table, indexing and data itself) are both in the host host stored in a single file. It is through the simple design of starting a business in the whole data files and complete lock.

11. FoxPro database

At first by American Fox 1988, 1992 Fox launched by Microsoft company, have introduced after the takeover FoxPro2.5, 2.6 and VisualFoxPro etc, its function and performance version has greatly improved. FoxPro2.5, 2.6 into DOS and Windows two versions, respectively in DOS and running Windows environment. FoxPro FoxBASE in function and performance than and have improved greatly, mainly introducing the window, button, list box and text box control such as to enhance the system development capabilities.

Common databases

1. MySQL is the most popular open source SQL database management system, the company develops by MySQL AB, issuing, and support. MySQL AB is founded by several MySQL developer a commercial company. It is a second-generation open-source company, combined with open source value orientation, method and successful business model.

Features:

MySql core program using fully multi-threaded programming. Threading is lightweight processes, it can be flexibly provides services for users, and the system resources. But many

MySql can run in different operating systems. Say simply, MySql can support Windows95/98 / NT / 2000 and UNIX, Linux and OS from various operating system platform.

MySql have a very flexible and safe access and password system. When a customer and MySql server connection between all the password, they transmit encrypted, and MySql support host authentication.

Support ODBC for Windows. MySql support all the ODBC 2.5 function and many other functions, like this may use Access connections MySql server, thus make the MySql applications are greatly extend.

MySql support large database. Although written in Php web page for it as

数据库专业英语翻译

long as can deposit hundreds of above record data is enough, but MySql can easily support millions of recorded database.

MySql have a very rapid and stable memory allocation system based on the thread, can continue to use face don't have to worry about its stability.

The strong search function. MySql support inquires the ramp of the SELECT and statements all operators and function, and can be in the same query from different database table mixes, thus make inquires the become quicker and easier.

PHP provides strong support for MySql, provide a whole set of the PHP function to MySql MySql, carry on the omni-directional support.

2. Based on the server is SQLServer database can be used for medium and large capacity data applications, on the function management is much more ambitious than Access. In handling mass data efficiency, backstage development aspects of flexibility, scalability is strong. Because now database are using standard SQL language to database management, so if it is standard SQL language, both basically can generic. 92HeZu nets all rent space can be used both double Access database, while supporting the SQL Server. SQL Server and more extended stored procedure, can use the database size without limit restrictions.

Graphical user interface, make the system management and database management more intuitive and simple.

The real client/server architecture.

Rich programming interface tools for users to program designed to provide more choices.

SQL Server with Windows NT, using a fully integrated many functions, such as NT send and receive messages, management login security, etc. SQL Server can be a very good and Microsoft BackOffice product integration.

Has the very good flexibility, can span from running Windows 95/98 laptop to run Windows 2000 large multiprocessor and so on many kinds of platform use. Technical support to the Web, users can easily will database data released on to the Web page.

SQL Server provides the data warehouse function, this function only in Oracle and other more expensive DBMS is only found in.

3. Access is a desktop database, is suitable only for data quantity is little, in dealing with the application of a database of data and single visit is very good, the efficiency is high. But it's also visit the client can't more than four. The access database has certain limit, if the data reach 100M or so, is very easy to create the server iis feign death, or consume server memory to crash the server.

The future development trend

With the expansion of information management content, appeared to rich variety of data model (hierarchical model, meshy model, relation model, object-oriented model, half structural model and so on), the new technology

数据库专业英语翻译

also emerge in endlessly (data streams, Web data management, data mining, etc.). Now every few years, international senior database experts assembled, discusses database research status, problems and future needs the new technology focus attention. The past existing several similar reports include: 1989 The Future Directions inDBMS Laguna BeachParticipants true - DatabaseSystems: Achievements in 1990, Opportunities, 1995. Inmon W.H. Database 1991: constructing The publication of The data warehouse"

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