Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln i/?e?br?h?m ?l??k?n/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln successfully led his country through its greatest constitutional, military, and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union while ending slavery and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated, and became a country lawyer, a Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator during the 1830s, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives during the 1840s.

Lincoln's death was the first assassination of a U.S. president and sent the nation into mourning. Lincoln has been consistently ranked by scholars and the public as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents, the others being George Washington and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

亚伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln，1809年2月12日－1865年4月15日，美国政治家，第16任总统（任期：1861年3月4日－1865年4月15日），也是首位共和党籍总统。身高6呎4吋（193厘米），和林登·约翰逊是美国历任总统中最高的。在其总统任内，美国爆发内战，史称南北战争。林肯废除了南方各州的奴隶制度，但南北战争之后北方有几个支持联邦政府的州却仍被林肯允许可继续保有奴隶制度。林肯击败了南方分离势力，维护了国家的统一。内战结束后不久，林肯遇刺身亡。他是第一个遭到刺杀的美国总统，曾位列最伟大总统排名第一位[1]。 Assassination John Wilkes Booth was a well-known actor and a Confederate spy from Maryland; though he never joined the Confederate army, he had contacts with the Confederate secret service.[246] Lincoln's bodyguard, John Parker, left Ford's Theater during

intermission to join Lincoln's coachman for drinks in the Star Saloon next door. The now unguarded President sat in his state box in the balcony. Seizing the opportunity, Booth crept up from behind and at about 10:13 pm, aimed at the back of Lincoln's head and fired at point-blank range, mortally wounding the President.

1865年4月14日，林肯在剧院观剧时，被奴隶制度支持者、演员约翰·魏克斯·布思刺杀，次日凌晨不治身亡。 纪念地 1867年，内布拉斯加州的兰开斯特县的县治改名为林肯市，并成为该州首府，以纪念这位美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。 美国首都华盛顿的林肯纪念堂坐落于国家广场，是全国最著名的纪念性建筑之一。

拉什莫尔国家公园中的四位总统巨型雕像，林肯在最右侧 Generally, the top three presidents are rated as 1) Lincoln; 2) George Washington; and 3) Franklin D. Roosevelt, although Lincoln and Washington, and Washington and Roosevelt, occasionally are reversed.

President Lincoln's assassination made him a national martyr and endowed him with a recognition of mythic proportion. Lincoln was viewed by abolitionists as a champion for human liberty. Republicans linked Lincoln's name to their party. Many, though not all, in the South considered Lincoln as a man of outstanding ability.[271]

Lincoln appears on the penny and the $5 bill, and on many postage stamps. He has been memorialized in many town, city, and county names,[290] including the capital of Nebraska.

The most famous and most visited memorials are the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.; Lincoln's sculpture on Mount Rushmore[291]; Ford's Theatre and Petersen House (where he died) in Washington and the the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, located in Springfield, Illinois.

林肯出现在彭妮和5美元钞票,在许多邮票。他流传在许多城镇、城市、县的名字,[290]包括内布拉斯加州的首都。

最著名和最参观纪念馆是林肯纪念堂在华盛顿特区;林肯的雕像在拉什莫尔山[291];福特剧院和彼得森房子(他死)在华盛顿和亚伯拉罕·林肯总统图书馆和博物馆,位于伊利诺斯州的斯普林菲尔德。

Movies

《乱世佳人》Gone with the wind 《冷山》Cold Mountain

《众神与将军》Gods and Generals 《盖茨堡之役》（英文原著《天使杀手》） 《光荣战役》 Glory

《与魔鬼共骑》Ride with the Devil

《黄金三镖客》The Good, the Bad, the Ugly 《一个国家的诞生》The Birth of a Nation

《林肯总统：吸血鬼猎人》Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter

《吸血鬼猎人林肯》－2012年美国动作片，由同名小说改编，片中林肯化身为吸血鬼猎人，并为了结束吸血鬼对人类的奴役而开启南北战争

Novels

Gone with the Wind Little Women Uncle Tom's Cabin

Gone with the Wind is a novel written by Margaret Mitchell

The story is set in Clayton County, Georgia, and Atlanta during the American Civil War and Reconstruction.

Slavery in Gone with the Wind is a backdrop to a story that is essentially about other things.[32] Southern plantation fiction (also known as Anti-Tom literature) from the early 19th century culminating in Gone With the Wind is written from the perspective and values of the slaveholder and tends to present slaves as docile and happy

奴隶制在《乱世佳人》是一个背景,一个故事,本质上是关于其他的事情。[32]南方种植园小说(也称为反汤姆文学)从19世纪最后乱世佳人写的观点和价值观的奴隶和倾向于现在奴隶那样温顺和快乐的。

The best-selling anti-slavery novel from the 19th century is Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852. Uncle Tom's Cabin is mentioned briefly in Gone with the Wind as being accepted by the Yankees as, \second only to the Bible\[36] The enduring interest of both Uncle Tom's Cabin and Gone with the Wind has resulted in lingering stereotypes of 19th century African American slaves.[42] However, since its publication, Gone with the Wind has become a reference point for subsequent writers about the South, both black and white alike

最畅销的反奴隶制小说从19世纪是汤姆叔叔的小屋,哈里特·比彻·斯托,出版于1852年。汤姆叔叔的小屋是简要提到的《乱世佳人》作为被洋基队,“启示录仅次于《圣经》。[36]持久的兴趣都《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和《乱世佳人》导致了挥之不去的刻板印象的19世纪的非裔美国人的奴隶。[42]然而,自从出版以来,《乱世佳人》已成为一个参考点进行后续作家关于韩国,无论是黑人和白人

《吸血鬼猎人林肯》（英文片名：Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter）是一部由提莫·贝克曼贝托夫执导的美国影片，讲述了吸血鬼猎人林肯与吸血鬼之间的战斗。影片由本杰明·沃克、卢夫斯·塞维尔等人主演，于2012年06月22日在美国正式上映。

《吸血鬼猎人林肯》中，深受美国人敬爱的总统林肯成为恶搞对象，将林肯塑造成一个与 吸血鬼抗衡的斗士，林肯因为幼时母亲为超自然捕食者所杀害，所以唤起了他的血性，从而毕生都与吸血鬼以及他们的奴隶主联盟作对。

《小妇人》由美国作家露易莎·梅·奥尔科特所著，一部以美国南北战争为背景，以19世纪美国新英格兰地区的一个普通家庭四个姐妹之间的生活琐事为蓝本的带有自传色彩的家庭伦理小说。小说受到当时的大思想家爱默生的影响，强调了个人尊严与自立自律的观念；内容平实却细腻，结构单纯而寓意深远，富有强烈的感染力。

《一个国家的诞生》（英语：The Birth of a Nation），又名《同族人》（The Clansman），是美国电影史上最有影响力、也最具争议性的电影之一，情节设定在南北战争期间及战后种族主义 政治意识形态 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》，又译为《黑奴吁天录》、《汤姆大伯的小屋》，是美国著名作家斯陀夫人的一部现实主义作品。小说着力刻画了信仰基督教、具有崇高牺牲精神的黑奴汤姆，在不平等的社会制度下遭受的悲惨命运，借此揭示了奴隶制度的罪恶本质。 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》一经出版，立即引起了社会各界的强烈反响，在一定程度上推动了美国人民的反奴隶制情绪，从而成为导致美国内战爆发的因素之一。

冷山》是安东尼·明格拉执导的一部电影。影片讲述了美国南北内战时期，一个名叫英曼的南部士兵身受重伤生命所剩无多，他逃离部队，故乡冷山，只为了见上心爱的妻子艾达一面。艾达则在山影交错的乡间度过了独立的蜕变期，学会如何与粗粝尖锐的生活对抗挣扎，并与山区女孩露比在战乱期间的冷山相互取暖，艰难而快乐的生活着。

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