4 级考前冲刺试题三

4 级考前冲刺试题三

Part I

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Students’ Driving to School. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.

1. 目前有不少大学生开车上学 2. 人们对此看法不一 3. 我的看法

Students’ Driving to School

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Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and

answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Many with New College Degree Find the Job Market Humbling

The individual stories are familiar. The chemistry major tending bar. The classics major answering phones. The Italian studies major stocking shelves at Wal-Mart.

Now evidence is emerging that the damage caused by the sour economy is more widespread than just a few careers led astray ( 偏离正轨地 ) or postponed. Even for college graduates — the people who were most protected from the effects of recession — the outlook is rather bleak ( 黯淡的 ).

Employment rates for new college graduates have fallen sharply in the last two years, as have starting salaries for those who can find work. What?s more, only half of

the jobs landed by these new graduates even require a college degree, reviving debates about whether higher education is “worth it” after all.

“I have friends with the same degree as me, from a worse school, but because of who they knew or when they happened to graduate, they?re in much better jobs,” said Kyle Bishop, 23, a 2009 graduate of the University of Pittsburgh who has spent the last two years waiting tables, delivering beer, working at a bookstore and entering data. “It?s more about luck than anything else.”

The average starting salary for students graduating from four-year colleges in 2009 and 2010 was $27,000, down from $30,000 for those who entered the work force in 2006 to 2008, according to a study released on Wednesday by the John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers University. That is a decline of 10 percent, even before taking inflation into account.

Of course, these are the lucky ones — the graduates who found a job. Among the members of the class of 2010, just 56 percent had held at least one job by this spring, when the survey was conducted. That compares with 90 percent of graduates from the classes of 2006 and 2007. (Some have gone for further education or opted out of the labor force, while many are still trying very hard to get a job.)

Even these figures understate the damage done to these workers? careers. Many have taken jobs that do not make use of their skills; about only half of recent college graduates said that their first job required a college degree.

The choice of major is quite important. Certain majors had better luck finding a job that required a college degree, according to an analysis by Andrew M. Sum, an economist at Northeastern University, of 2009 Labor Department data for college graduates under 25.

Young graduates who majored in education and teaching or engineering were most likely to find a job requiring a college degree, while area studies majors — those who majored in Latin American studies, for example — and humanities majors were least likely to do so. Among all recent education graduates, 71.1 percent were in jobs that required a college degree; of all area studies majors, the share was 44.7 percent.

An analysis by The New York Times of Labor Department data about college graduates aged 25 to 34 found that the number of these workers employed in food service, restaurants and bars had risen 17 percent in 2009 from 2008, though the sample size was small. There were similar or bigger employment increases at gas stations and fuel dealers, food and alcohol stores, and taxi and limousine services.

This may be a waste of a college degree, but it also displaces ( 使离开 ) the less-educated workers who would normally take these jobs.

“The less schooling you had, the more likely you were to get thrown out of the labor market altogether,” said Mr. Sum, noting that unemployment rates for high school graduates and dropouts are always much higher than those for college graduates. “There is complete displacement all the way down.”

Meanwhile, college graduates are having trouble paying off student loan debt, which is at a median of $20,000 for graduates of classes 2006 to 2010.

Mr. Bishop, the Pittsburgh graduate, said he is “terrified” of the effects his starter jobs might have on his ultimate career, which he hopes to be in publishing or writing. “It looks bad to have all these short-term jobs on your résumé, but you do have to pay the bills,” he said, adding that right now his student loan debt was over $70,000.

Many graduates will probably take on more student debt. More than 60 percent of those who graduated in the last five years say they will need more formal education to be successful.

“I knew there weren?t going to be many job prospects for me until I got my Ph.D.,” said Travis Patterson, 23, a 2010 graduate of California State University, Fullerton. He is working as an administrative assistant for a property management company and studying psychology in graduate school. While it may not have anything to do with his degree, “it helps pay my rent and tuition, and that?s what matters.”

Going back to school does offer the possibility of joining the labor force when the economy is better. Unemployment rates are also generally lower for people with advanced schooling.

Those who do not go back to school may be on a lower-paying trajectory ( 道路 ) for years. They start at a lower salary, and they may begin their careers with employers that pay less on average or have less room for growth.

“Their salary history follows them wherever they go,” said Carl Van Horn, a labor economist at Rutgers. “It?s like a parrot on your shoulder, traveling with you everywhere, constantly telling you ?No, you can?t make that much money.? “

And while young people who have survived a tough job market may shy from risks during their careers, the best way to nullify ( 抵消……的影响 ) an unlucky graduation date is to change jobs when you can, says Till von Wachter, an economist at Columbia.

“If you don?t move within five years of graduating, for some reason you get stuck where you are,” Mr. von Wachter said. “By your late 20s, you?re often married, and have a family and have a house. You stop the active pattern of moving jobs.”

1. What do we know about college graduates in the present sour economy? A) They have a positive outlook for the future. B) They remain unaffected by the recession. C) Job prospects for them don?t look good. D) Starting salaries for them have increased.

2. According to Kyle Bishop, why can his friends have better jobs than him? A) They graduate at the right time. degrees.

B) They have working experience.

3. What did the study by the John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development reveal?

A) Graduates starting working in 2010 got higher pay than those in 2006. B) Most of the recent college graduates were lucky enough to find a job. C) More graduates chose to get further education instead of taking a job.

D) They graduate from better schools.

C) They have obtained higher

D) The starting salary for new college graduates declined in recent years.

4. Andrew M. Sum?s study found that in finding a job requiring a college degree, _______.

A) good luck was extremely necessary advantage

B) the choice of major was quite important D) recent graduates were more likely to succeed

5. According to the author, college graduates? working in places like gas stations _______.

A) makes them more down-to-earth people C) may be a waste of their college degrees

B) is good to the diversity of the work force D) motivates less-educated workers to improve

6. How did Mr. Bishop see the short-term jobs he took? A) They would definitely be the highlight of his resume. B) They might have negative effects on his ultimate career. C) They could land him a good job in publishing or writing. D) They were the only way to pay off his student loan debt.

7. Travis Patterson chose to work as an administrative assistant because the job _______.

A) offered excellent promotion prospects B) paid him a relatively good starting salary C) had much to do with his major psychology D) helped pay his tuition in graduate school

C) area studies majors had a big

8. Those who do not go back to school may get lower pay and have less chance for ______________________________.

9. Till von Wachter suggests young people ______________________________ so that an unlucky graduation date would lose its effect.

10. According to Mr. von Wachter, if people don?t change jobs within five years of graduating, they get ______________________________ in their low-paid position.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long

conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) He has decided how to spend his money.

B) He wishes he could pay for his daily bills now.

C) He has already saved enough money to travel around Africa. D) He has decided to save the money to pay his tuition next year.

12. A) Buy the suit in cash.

C) Pay in credit card.

B) Buy the suit at no discount. D) Draw cash from the account.

13. A) The restaurant has been available since Christmas.

B) She promises there will be a table available at 7:00

C) She is not sure whether there is a table available at that time. D) They?d wait to check if there is any table available on Christmas.

14. A) Rock and roll music is her favorite.

B) She does not enjoy classical music. C) She rarely listens to popular music.

D) She is not interested in rock and roll music.

15. A) He was absent from the class. B) The subject is difficult to pass.

16. A) He has his leg broken.

C) He parts with his girlfriend. D) He gets along well with Cathy.

C) He didn?t work hard in the subject. D) The professor gives poor lectures.

B) He wants to join the party.

17. A) French is easy to learn.

B) The man should give up.

C) The man should continue with his study.

D) The man should talk with his French friends often.

18. A) The woman should finish her paper first.

B) They should not stop working on the paper. C) He?d like to postpone working on the paper. D) It won?t take long to finish the paper tomorrow.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) Writing a memo.

C) Taping some music.

B) Watching a film.

D) Making a video recording.

20. A) She is going to study abroad.

B) She is talented in foreign languages. C) She signed up for intensive Japanese.

D) She received a recommendation from a foreign university.

21. A) He told her about an interesting movie.

B) He gave her a good grade in her Japanese class. C) He recorded some tapes especially for her. D) He helped her get into the program.

22. A) Mastery of a foreign language. cost.

B) Flexibility and open-mindedness.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) Working overtime as a librarian. B) Writing papers for his classes. chemistry lab.

24. A) Do his research on closely-related topics.

B) Spend more time in the library. C) Write just one paper for all his classes. D) Drop one of his courses.

25. A) She doesn?t need any help.

C) He?s already helped her enough.

C) Meeting with his professors.

D) Doing extra work in the D) Maturity and common sense.

C) Money to pay the extra tuition

B) She knows he?s very busy. chemistry.

D) He doesn?t know enough

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each

passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) Animals perform many useful and entertaining jobs.

B) Different animals have their own characteristics. C) Animals should be given proper training. D) Animals are very important in the eco-system.

27. A) Dogs have a natural instinct to guide the blind.

B) Horses have a natural instinct to return home. C) Guide dogs sometimes may not obey their masters. D) Racing horses are less smart than the other horses.

28. A) They should not be frightened by wild horses.

B) They should not be disturbed by other noises.

C) They should understand the horse?s special language. D) They should be very patient and understanding.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) In family life.

C) In social contribution. D) In business world.

B) In education departments.

30. A) Husbands can also breastfeed their children.

B) Women and men equally share housework. C) Wives are no longer submissive and obedient.

D) Parents have new attitude towards bringing up children.

31. A) Changes in children?s rearing. life.

B) Changes in men?s and women?s roles. D) Changes in women?s role in society.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) Enjoy family happiness. B) Switch to another field.

33. A) He planned to sell it to one of his customers.

B) He planned to send it to the carpenter as a gift. C) He planned to fill it with his favorites. D) He planned to send it to his partner.

34. A) It was of low quality.

B) It was perfect in workmanship and materials. C) It did not satisfy the contractor.

D) It was the best of all the houses he had built.

35. A) We should focus on the future life. C) We should build our houses in life.

C) Start his own business. D) Build a house of his own. C) Changes in men?s role in family

B) We should react to life rather than act. D) We should always do our best.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is

read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Throughout history the basic unit of almost every human society has been the family. Members of a family live together under the same roof, and they (36) _________ the economic burdens of life as well as its affectionate ( 有感情的 ) joys. It is the family that has primary (37) _________ for the important task of raising children to (38) _________ .

The family is not a (39) _________ concept in all societies. In many places it is an extended group that (40) _________ uncles, aunts, cousins and in-laws. The head of the family usually has (41) _________ influence in arranging marriages, selecting careers and (42) _________ all the important moves and purchases by any member of the family. Particularly where the society or the state does not give aid and where (43) _________ the responsibilities of the family are greater, this larger group provides better.

In many other societies, including most industrialized ones, the “nuclear family” is the basic social unit. (44)

___________________________________________________________________ , whether natural or adopted. Industrialization and urbanization (45)

___________________________________________________________________ and thus to separate residences as soon as they become wage earners. The small family, with one or perhaps two incomes, (46)

___________________________________________________________________ .

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to

select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Language is learned primarily through communication with other people. Research shows that the more communication children 47 at home the better developed their language skills will be. Children need to 48 well in order to learn well. This is especially important for the development of native language skills since the language is 49 reinforced by the child?s environment outside school.

However, the 50 of communication is just as or more important than quantity alone. The language adults use helps children become aware of the many 51 aspects of objects and events around them. For example, during a shopping trip to the market or store, adults can develop children?s concepts by bringing their attention to

the shapes, colors, sounds, textures, and size of objects and events around them. Parents can do this naturally through conversation without 52 teaching. In other words, conversation with children in 53 situations expands their minds and develops their thinking skills.

In addition to conversing with children, adults can help prepare their children to succeed in school by encouraging them to take an 54 interest in books and in the print that surrounds them in the environment. The child?s first major 55 in school is learning to read. Children who come to school with knowledge that the print around them carries important meanings and with an interest in books and stories will usually 56 in learning to read rapidly.

A) seldom B) different C) read I) talk J) active K) task L) succeed M) often N) fail O) experience D) quality E) difficult F) everyday G) number H) direct

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cunningly ( 聪明地 ) picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial cues given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the “Clever Hans” effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California, Davis, and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searchers for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.

Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search area might contain up to three target scents ( 气味 ), and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any “detections” made by the teams thus had to be false.

The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.

When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals — who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying “wolf” at the unconscious signal of their handlers.

How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously “profiled” people being sniffed ( 嗅 ) by a drug- or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound ( 大量存在 ).

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