12型斜直抽油机主体论文

西安石油大学本科毕业设计（论文）

12型斜直井抽油机主体结构与动力设计分析

摘 要：在难于建造底座的浅海、沼泽地、河流、湖泊地区，以及在城市大型建筑底部开采石油时，若从陆上或其周围向这些地区底部钻斜直井，可免去在水中建造昂贵的人工岛和避免城市建筑损坏与环境污染。可见在这些场合采用斜直井开采技术必将带来显著经济效益， 该机结构简单，结实可靠，操作维修方便，通用性好，适应性强.具有倾斜连杆机构换向，以倾斜的对准斜直井轴线，并做上下往复循环以适应不同的角度斜直井采油. 采用斜直井抽油机在斜直井上采油，对油田油井二次和三次加密及开发地貌复杂的油田具有重大意义.演算了抽油机的平衡，计算了平衡重；分析了悬点的静载荷，动载荷及最大最小动载荷；分析设计了抽油机的减速系统，对所设计的轴键，轴承进行了强度校核;并对所设计的抽油机进行了经济性分析。

关键词：抽油机；斜直井；动力；设计

西安石油大学本科毕业设计（论文）

12 type inclined vertical Wells pumping subject structure and

power design analysis

Abstract： In the difficult construction of the base of the shallow water， marshes， rivers， lakes region， and the bottom of large buildings in the city when the exploitation of oil， from the land or around the bottom of these areas to drilling straight hole， the water can be removed from the construction of expensive city building artificial islands and to avoid damage and environmental pollution. Can be seen on these occasions with straight hole mining technology will bring significant economic benefits， the aircraft structure is simple， robust， reliable， easy operation and maintenance， common good， strong adaptability. With a rake for the linkage to tilt alignment straight hole axis， and cycle back and forth up and down to accommodate different angles straight hole oil. with straight hole in the inclined straight Inoue pumping oil， oil wells on the second and third encryption and development landscape of great significance to the complex field. calculus of the pumping unit balance， calculate the balance weight; of the suspension point of the static load， the maximum and minimum dynamic load and dynamic load; analysis and design of the pumping unit of the deceleration system， designed shaft key， bearing a strength check ; and pumping units designed for economic analysis.

Key words：Pumping Unit；deviated well；power；Design

西安石油大学本科毕业设计（论文）

目 录

第1章 绪论 ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1抽油机的概况 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2斜直井抽油机的研究 .............................................................................................. 4 1.3斜直井抽油机的发展趋势 ...................................................................................... 5 1.4 本次设计的意义 ................................................................................................... 6 第2章 传动参数的设计 ..................................................................................................... 7

2.1 选择电动机的类型 ................................................................................................. 7 2.2 电机电容的计算 ................................................................................................... 7 2.3 电机的转速计算 ................................................................................................... 8 2.4确定传动装置的总传动比和分配传动比 .............................................................. 8

2.4.1 总传动比 ..................................................................................................... 8 2.4.2 分配装置的传动比 ..................................................................................... 8 2.4.3 分配减速器的各级传动比 ......................................................................... 9 2.5 计算传动装置的运动和动力参数 ....................................................................... 9 2.5.1计算传动装置的运动和动力参数 ....................................................................... 9

2.5.2各轴的输入功率 .......................................................................................... 10 2.5.3 各轴输入转矩 ............................................................................................. 10

3传动零件的设计 .............................................................................................................. 12

3.1 带传动的设计 ..................................................................................................... 12

3.1.1 确定计算功率 ........................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 选取窄V带的带型 .................................................................................. 12 3.1.3 验算V带的速度 ...................................................................................... 13 3.1.4 确定V带基准长度Li和中心距a .......................................................... 13 3.1.5 带轮包角?1 .............................................................................................. 13 3.1.6 V带跟数设计 ........................................................................................... 14 3.2 带轮的设计 ......................................................................................................... 14

3.2.1 作用在带轮轴上的压力Q ....................................................................... 14 3.2.2 作用在轴上的压力 ................................................................................... 15 3.2.3 带轮宽度 ................................................................................................... 15 3.3 低速级齿轮传动设计 ......................................................................................... 15

3.3.1 初步确定主要传动啮合参数 ................................................................... 15 3.3.2 按齿根弯曲疲劳强度初定模数 ............................................................... 16 3.3.3 初定齿轮传动参数 ................................................................................... 17 3.3.4 校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度 ........................................................................... 17

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西安石油大学本科毕业设计（论文）

3.3.5 校核齿面接触疲劳强度 ........................................................................... 19 3.3.6主要参数与几何尺寸计算 .......................................................................... 20 3.4 轴的设计 ............................................................................................................. 21

3.4.1 Ⅰ轴的设计及相关键的设计 ................................................................... 21 3.4.2 Ⅱ轴的设计及相关键的设计： ............................................................... 22 3.4.3 Ⅲ轴的设计及相关键的设计 ................................................................... 23 3.5 轴的校核 ............................................................................................................. 24

3.5.1 求低速级大齿轮上的力 ........................................................................... 24 3.5.2 求轴上的载荷 ........................................................................................... 24 3.5.3 弯距的计算 ............................................................................................... 25 3.5.4 作水平和垂直面的弯矩图 ....................................................................... 25 3.5.5 总弯距的计算 ........................................................................................... 26 3.5.6 画出合力矩弯矩图 ................................................................................... 26 3.5.7 按弯距扭合成应力校核轴的强度 ........................................................... 27 3.5.8 精确校核轴的疲劳强度 ........................................................................... 27 3.6 减速器轴承的设计 ............................................................................................. 29

3.6.1 轴承材料的选择 ....................................................................................... 29 3.6.2 Ⅰ轴、Ⅱ轴、Ⅲ轴、Ⅳ轴轴承型号的选择 ........................................... 29 3.7 机体的设计 ......................................................................................................... 29 3.8 减速器润滑系统的设计 ..................................................................................... 30 第4章抽油机的平衡设计 ................................................................................................. 31

4.1游梁式抽油机的平衡 ............................................................................................ 31 4.2 平衡的原理 ......................................................................................................... 31 4.3 平衡重的计算 ..................................................................................................... 31 4.4 抽油机运动部件受力分析 ................................................................................. 32

4.4.1 悬点载荷 ................................................................................................... 32 4.4.2 悬点静载荷 ............................................................................................... 32 4.4.3 悬点动载荷 ............................................................................................... 34 4.5 悬点最大载荷与最小载荷的计算 ..................................................................... 36 第5章 抽油机设计计算 ................................................................................................... 37

5.1 抽油机选点载荷计算 ........................................................................................... 37

5.1.1 悬点静载荷的大小和变化规律 ................................................................. 37 5.2 悬点动载荷的大小和变化规律 ........................................................................... 39

5.2.1 惯性载荷 ..................................................................................................... 39 5.2.2 振动载荷 ..................................................................................................... 42

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西安石油大学本科毕业设计（论文）

5.3 抽油机平衡重计算 ............................................................................................... 43

5.3.1 平衡的基本原理 ......................................................................................... 43 5.3.2机械平衡重的计算 ...................................................................................... 43 5.4抽油机减速箱曲柄扭矩的计算 ............................................................................ 44

5.4.1 计算扭矩的基本公式 ................................................................................. 44 5.4.2 计算Mmax的公式 ....................................................................................... 45

第6章 运动分析 ............................................................................................................... 47

6.1各构件尺寸的确定 ................................................................................................ 47 6.2 悬点运动分析 ....................................................................................................... 47

6.2.1 位置分析 ..................................................................................................... 48 6.3.2 速度分析 ..................................................................................................... 48 6.3.3 加速度分析 ................................................................................................. 48

第7章 其他主要零部件设计 ........................................................................................... 49

7.1悬绳的选用 ............................................................................................................ 49

7.1.1 绳丝根数的选择 ......................................................................................... 49 7.1.2 钢丝绳直径的确定 ............................................................................................ 50 第8章 抽油机零件强度计算 ........................................................................................... 51

8.1主要零件强度计算 ................................................................................................ 51

8.1.1 游梁强度计算 ............................................................................................. 52 8.1.2 曲柄销强度计算 ......................................................................................... 54 8.1.3 疲劳强度计算 ............................................................................................. 57 8.1.4 支架轴承校核 ............................................................................................. 58

第9章 抽油机性能分析 ................................................................................................... 60

9.1产品经济性分析 .................................................................................................... 60 结 论 ................................................................................................................................. 63 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................. 64 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................. 65

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