2018年高考英语命题规律解读（含英语冲刺题和解析）

2018届高考英语冲刺题

2018年高考命题规律解读

阅读理解

（1）考什么？近几年阅读理解命题的大体格局一致，基本上可以归纳为主旨大意题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、细节理解题和观点态度意图题。从整体来看，细节理解题占多数，推理判断题其次，然后是观点态度意图、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。

（2）怎么考？①体裁和题材内容：近几年全国卷高考试题阅读理解的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文四种。选材贴近实际生活、时代感强、强调实际应用，渗透文化意识、情感态度等人文素养的考查，使学生能够展示个性发展和思维的多样性与开放性、感悟人生价值、弘扬正能量、培养核心素养体系。内容涉及政治、经济、人物、动物、故事、新闻、教育、广告、哲理、生态、环保、科普、史地、节日、社会、卫生等多个领域。相比较来看，社会文化、人物故事、科普知识和时文报道类的语篇所占比例较大。②语言特点：所选材料基本都是英文原版材料，能够体现当代英语的特点，用词简练，生动，语句富于变化，长短句搭配得当，常用词的深层或引申意义也处理得比较恰当，既不限于教材原义，又不涉及过于生僻的用法。句子结构几乎囊括了英语句法修辞中的所有语句结构形式，如简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、倒装句、省略句、强调句、插入语等。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序变化起伏，隐含信息较多等。此外，长难句和优美的经典句子、谚语等的增加也是这几年高考英语阅读理解的一大亮点，在今后的高考阅读试题中仍将继续保持这种态势。

（3）命题趋势：选材不拘泥特定的规律模式，而是向多元性发展，主要以引导考生在理解文章内容和作者观点态度的基础上弘扬传统文化、关注中国和世界发展大势，深入思考人与自然的关系，体悟和谐发展之道，培养创新精神和人文情怀。考点仍将以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，词义推测仍然以每年一题的形式出现，而主旨大意题、标题归纳题、观点态度题以及代词指代题则是灵活出现。 Passage 1．

I starts to get creative

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Most people nowadays own a device (设备) that features artificial intelligence (AI), with the likes of Siri always there to greet us with a friendly voice.

But Microsoft’s XiaoIce is different. Launched (投入) in 2014 for the Chinese market, “she” has a creative edge over her competitors.

While most AI assistants simply read out information they get online, such as movie listings or weather forecasts (预报), XiaoIce has a “realness” that the others lack. Indeed, if you asked nicely, she could read you a poem from her new weekly column in West China City Daily.

The newspaper has been printing XiaoIce’s self-penned poetry each week since Aug 19, taken from her own book of poems, The Sunlight that Lost the Glass Window.w

To turn XiaoIce into a master of poetry, Microsoft scientists “fed” her the works of over 500 influential modern poets, including those of Hu Shi, Li Jinfa, Lin Huiyin, Xu Zhimo, and Wen Yiduo, reported China Daily.

This led to her figuring out a writing style of her own and creating over 70,000 original poems, with 137 used to produce the book.x Most of the poems are indistinguishable (难区分的) from those written by humans, and XiaoIce’s book even got good feedback (反馈) from experts.

“XiaoIce’s work carries a strange taste. The more you chew on it, the more interesting it becomes,” Zhang Zonggang, a literature professor at the Nanjing University of Science and Technology, told the South China Morning Post. But it seems not everyone is a fan.

“[The poems] disgusted me with their slippery (油滑的) tone and rhythm. The sentences were aimless and superficial (肤浅的), lacking the inner logic for emotional expression,” Yunnan-based poet Yu Jian told China Youth Daily.

This isn’t the first AI to attempt poetry. Last year, Google’s Parsey McParseface made some poems of its own, although they were branded “miserable (令人不快的)” and “mournful (使人忧郁的) ” by reviewers.

While it seems like AI is becoming more “intelligent” and less “artificial” all the time, when it comes to creativity, perhaps this is one job that software should leave to us humans. Choose the answer:

1. What advantage does XiaoIce have over most other AI assistants?

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A. She can greet users with her friendly voice. B. She is able to read poetry for users. C. She can acquire information online very quickly. D. She has the ability to create original poems. 2. What is the correct description of XiaoIce?

A. Her works are welcomed by many influential modern poets. B. Her poems are comparable to those written by humans. C. She is working on a monthly column in a newspaper. D. Her works don’t have a specific writing style.

3. What is the problem about XiaoIce’s poems, according to the text? A. It’s quite hard to understand what her works mean. B. Her poems are sorrowful and lack creativity. C. The tone and rhythm of her poems are questionable.

D. The emotional expressions in her poems deserve more attention. Passage 2．

One step too far

Scientists have been trying to figure out how to alter the genes of humans for many years now, and it looks like they’ve finally cracked (破解) the code. But while this may seem like a great step forward in science, some also believe that it’s one step back when it comes to ethics.w

In August, a group of scientists from the US and South Korea worked together to successfully edit a human embryo and remove a genetic mutation (基因突变) that would have led to heart disease, reported The Guardian.

This was achieved with the help of CRISPR, a gene-editing tool that allows scientists to “cut and paste (粘贴)” human DNA.

Although this was the first example of an embryo’s genes being changed successfully, the benefits of gene editing have already been tested in living patients.

In 2015, a five-month-old girl from the UK was saved after doctors used edited cells to fight off her cancer. As of today, she’s alive and well.

And in the US last year, scientists managed to remove HIV cells from several patients by editing the

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genes inside their bodies.

Some people hope that in the future, diseases or birth defects (缺陷) could simply be “edited out”. However, others believe this could lead to so-called designer babies, giving parents the option to choose everything from eye color to intelligence.

“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades (升级)’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News.

In spite of these ethical concerns, experts say it’s not possible to create the “perfect” human being. Despite the progress scientists have made, we don’t understand human genes enough to give an unborn child great brainpower or amazing singing abilities.

“Right now, we know nothing about genetic enhancement (提升),” Hank Greely, a director of sciences at Stanford University, US, told The New York Times. “We’re never going to be able to say, honestly, ‘This embryo looks like it would score high on the two-part SAT.’”

So it looks like if we want good exam results, or to impress people with our piano skills, we’ll have to stick with the old fashioned method of plain hard work – at least for now. Choose the best answer:

1. The underlined word “alter” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. record B.change C. remove D. increase

2.Why do some people consider human gene editing a step backwards? A. They don’t think it is an effective way to fight diseases. B. They are concerned that it could lead to genetic mutations. C. They think it could lead to designer babies and increased inequality. D. They worry that it could make parents abandon children with birth defects. 3. What was the first successful example of human embryo gene editing? A. A genetic mutation related to heart disease was removed by scientists. B. A newborn baby with cancer was saved by edited cells. C. HIV cells were removed from patients’ bodies. D. Some birth defects were simply edited out.

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4. What can we conclude from the text?

A. Gene editing is regarded as the perfect way to treat birth defects. B. There is still a long way to go to fully understand human genes. C. Gene editing could help enhance human intelligence in the near future. D. Scientists are pessimistic about the future of gene editing. Passage 3．

Studying Mandarin

US teenager Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin (普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.

“I thought [Mandarin] would be more beneficial than Latin,” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.

He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends.

While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.

“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power,” he said. Many experts agree that proficiency in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.

“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing,” said Marty Abbott, executive director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”

Abbott estimates that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin throughout the US, in public and private schools.

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