新编英语教程第3册(李观仪主编)第12单元课后练习答案

Exercise I

1. Spelling

1. superintendent

2. envelope

3. distribute

4. potatoes

5. nourish

6. contribution

7. seal

8. distress

9. cardboard 10. companionship 11. numb 12. stretch

2. Dictation

On Christmas Eve, the traditional ritual of hanging up a stocking at the foot of the bed is performed by millions of excited children. During the day the Christmas tree will have been dressed. All is now ready for the great morning, which comes round soon enough, in spite of the efforts of many of the younger children to stay awake until Santa Claus steals in to deliver the presents they have asked him for.

Christmas Day is spent quietly at home. The excitement of all the presents is hardly over before it is time for the traditional Christmas dinner; turkey, duck or chicken with rich fruity Christmas pudding afterwards. At tea-time Christmas crackers are pulled. The evening is spent in games, merriment and more eating and drinking.

3. Listening Comprehension

True (T) or False (F)?

1. It has not been long since carols, bells, and merry music became part of Christmas.

F

Carols, bells, and merry music have been a part of Christmas for centuries.

2. Early carols were not different from the tunes and refrains of ballads and folk songs.

F

Early carols were based on dance tunes and refrains from ballads and folk songs.

3. At Christmas in England now, people have a wild celebration of feasting and merrymaking that

may last for weeks, from mid-

December until January.

F

This was true from the 11th to the 17th century.

4. The speaker thinks too much feasting and merrymaking go against the true meaning of

Christmas.

T

5. Zurich is the only city where you can hear church bells sound loud and clear on Christmas Eve. F

In thousands of other cities, cathedral chimes, and church bells ring out at midnight on Christmas Eve.

6. Clement Moore was inspired to pay a visit to Saint Nicholas after listening to the merry jingle of the bells on his horses’ harness.

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F

He was inspired by the bells to write a book called A Visit from Saint Nicholas.

Script:

Christmas Music

Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it every year. It includes some of the greatest compositions ever written for chorus and orchestra as well as the joyful melodies of the familiar Christmas carols. Carols, bells, and merry music have been a part of Christmas for centuries.

Many of the early carols were based on dance tunes and refrains from ballads and folk songs. Later, during the Reformation the carols became gloomy, reflecting the dim view that the Puritans held regarding Christmas. This view came about because in England from the 11th to the 17th century, Christmas had become more and more a wild celebration of feasting and merrymaking that lasted for weeks, sometimes from mid-December until January. Because these feasts held in the great houses of England had little or no connection with the true meaning of Christmas, the Puritans outlawed Christmas. The observance of Christmas was forbidden by an act of Parliament in 1644. After the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II revived the custom. With the return of Christmas, the art of carol making and singing began anew. It is as popular today as it was in the 14th century.

All over the world the ringing of bells is a part of the Christmas tradition. For hundreds of years, Zurich, Switzerland, has been famous for its beautiful bells. Every Christmas Eve the bells sound loud and clear to call families to church services. This ceremony is echoed in thousands of cities where cathedral chimes and church bells ring out at midnight. Bells are used as decorations on Christmas wreaths and as ornaments on trees to add a gay, tinkling note to Christmas gift wrappings. And as everyone knows, the most famous sleigh bells in the world belong to Santa Claus. It is said that Clement Moore, a professor at the General Theological Seminary in New York, was inspired to write A Visit from Saint Nicholas after listening to the merry jingle of the bells on his hor ses’ harnesses as he drove along on a frosty winter night.

4. Translation

A. Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English.

1. 这块料子摸上去像真丝。

This material feels like pure silk.

（这句话中的“摸上去像”可以翻译成“feel like”。）

2. 跟我一起去公园散步如何?

Do you feel like having a walk with me in the park?

（这里的“跟我一起去做某事”是邀请，可以用“Do you feel like doing sth.?”的句型。）

3那个小女孩冻得发抖，她的手脚都冻僵了。

The little girl was shivering with cold and her hands and feet were all numb.

（“冻得发抖”可以用“shiver with cold”来表达；“冻僵了”翻译为“be all numb”。）

4.父亲用旧木板给我做了一只箱子。

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Father made a box out of old planks for me.

（这里的“用旧木板做一只箱子”中的“做”可以用“make (sth.) out of”这个短语。）

5. 总统发表电视讲话，号召全国人民团结一致，共渡目前所处的困难时期。

The president made a speech on television, asking the whole nation to remain united and work together to pull through the hard times they were in.

（“团结一致”翻译为“remain united”；“共渡困难时期”可以用“pull through the hard times”表示。）

6. 派到出事地点的联合国官员努力确保每一个难民都能分到食品。

The United Nations officials sent to that troubled area worked hard to make sure that food was distributed to every refugee.

（根据这句话的意思，这里的“出事地点”可以翻译为“that troubled area”。）

7. 那些高年级学生不是太自私了吗？他们将那个乒乓球房占为己有，不许其他人使用。Aren’t those senior students very selfish? Th ey have the ping-pong room all to themselves, and allow nobody else to use it.

（根据这句话的意思，“占为己有”可以翻译为“have … all to themselves”。）

8. 公司一定出了大事。总经理从来没有显得这么痛苦。

Something terrible must have happened to the company. The general manager has never looked so distressed.

（这句话中的“一定”表示对已经发生的事情的肯定猜测，用“must have done”来表示。）

9. 我觉得那个指定发言人不是在阐明问题，而是在把我们弄糊涂。

I think the appointed speaker is confusing us rather than clarifying the matter.

（“指定发言人”就是“the appointed speaker”；这里的“不是……而是”可以用“rather than”来表示。）

10.

他打破令人难堪的沉默，开始谈论其他一些可以使生意重新启动的方法。

He broke the embarrassing silence and started to talk about some alternative ways of getting the business moving again.

（“打破沉默”可以“break the silence”来表示；“其他一些方法”翻译为“some alternative ways”。）

B. Translate the following into English.

上星期，我偶然碰到中学同学小王，他看上去很苦恼。他告诉我他在一家知名进出口公司申请一份推销员的工作，并已经参加了语言能力测验，但他觉得考得没有预料得好。

Last week I ran into my secondary school classmate, Xiao Wang. He looked distressed. He told me he had applied to an important export company for the job of salesman and had taken a language proficiency examination. He didn’t think he had done as well as he had expected.

当我问他是否上过大学时，他清了清嗓子，却没说什么。然后是一阵莫名而又窘迫的沉默。我正要为我的问话表示歉意，他耸耸肩膀坦然地说语言能力测验他考了两次，但都失败了。

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4 When I asked him if he had been to a college or university, he cleared his throat but said nothing. There followed a strange embarrassed silence. I was about to apologize for what I had asked when he shrugged off the embarrassment and said he had already made two attempts at the language proficiency examination but had failed both times.

三周前他又第三次参加了考试。他一直忧心忡忡地等待结果，很痛苦，担心得晚上都睡不着觉。我为他感到难过，真诚地希望这次他能够得到这份工作。

Three weeks ago he tried the third time. He had since been waiting for the result in painful anxiety. He was so worried that he had not been able to get any sleep at night. I felt very sorry for him and sincerely hoped that he would get the job this time.

5.

6. Sentence Rewriting

Rewrite the following sentences,

A. using an –ing

participle as an adverbial of accompanying circumstances.

Example: I lay there in the dark. I am feeling the cold emotion of renunciation.

I lay there in the dark, feeling the cold emotion of renunciation.

1. The Sunday school superintendent gave a talk. He told us that many poor children weren’t getting enough to eat.

The Sunday school superintendent gave a talk, telling us that many poor children weren’t getting enough to eat.

2. The boy stood outside the Sunday School. He looked round for the poor children.

The boy stood outside the Sunday school, looking round for the poor children.

3. The old woman sat in the church. She was listening to Christmas carols.

The old woman sat in the church, listening to Christmas carols.

4. The child lay awake all night. He was waiting for the coming of Santa Claus.

The child lay awake all night, waiting for the coming of Santa Claus.

5. Marie wrote a letter to her uncle. She thanked him for the Christmas present.

Marie wrote a letter to her uncle, thanking him for the Christmas present.

6. The girl came into the room. She sang and danced.

The girl came into the room, singing and dancing.

B. using an –ed participle / -ing participle / adjective phrase as a nominative absolute. Example:

I lay there in the dark. My fists were clenched hard upon nothing.

I lay there in the dark, my fists clenched hard upon nothing.

1. The old man sat quietly in an easy chair. His eyes were closed.

The old man sat quietly in an easy chair, his eyes closed.

2. Jenny was sitting at her desk. The newspaper was spread before her.

Jenny was sitting at her desk, the newspaper spread before her.

3. Mary has been ill during the greater part of this term. Her promotion has to be withheld.

Mary having been ill during the greater part of this term, her promotion has to be withheld.

4. The fog was very dense. No one could see his way through the streets.

The fog being dense, no one could see his way through the streets.

5. My mother looked at my father. Her face was pale and stony.

My mother looked at my father, her face (being) pale and stony.

6. There was no proof of Paul’s guilt. The case was dismissed.

There being no proof of Paul’s guilt, the case was dismissed.

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7. The agreement was signed. All of us were satisfied.

The agreement signed / having been signed, all of us were satisfied.

8. Jane was caught in the rain. Her clothes were wet through.

Jane having been caught in the rain, her clothes were wet through. / Jane was caught in the rain, her clothes wet through.

Exercise II

Arrange the following paragraphs into the right order to make a complete and coherent passage.

1. Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.

2. Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What’s more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing.

3. Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.

4. The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC—c. 1100 BC) from the people’s sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.

5. Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened. On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job’s tears, jujube berries, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.

6. The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.

7. After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called “Seeing the New Year in”.

8. Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content v aries from house owners’ wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.

9. The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.

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Key:

The correct order: 6 →4 →1 →5 →9 →7 →2 →3 →8

Exercises III

Complete the following dialogue.

A: OK, let’s talk about Christmas. Actually first, let’s not talk about Christmas so much but Christmas Eve, the night before Christmas. Eve refers to evening, and Christmas Eve is usually a time you get together with your family.

B: How do people spend Christmas Eve in America?

A: Sometimes families have a big dinner. Sometimes you get together with friends, but for children Christmas Eve is when Santa comes, so it is very important for children to put cookies and milk out for Santa so when he comes and delivers presents, he has something to eat.

B: Really? I know almost every child looks for the secret coming of Santa Claus with his Christmas gifts on Christmas Eve, but I have never heard that cookies and mild should be prepared.

A: Speaking of cookies, one of the more popular cookies of Christmas is the gingerbread man. Now the gingerbread man obviously looks like a little man, and it has a very unique taste. We usually only eat gingerbread cookies at Christmas. They taste pretty good.

B: Do you buy gingerbread cookies or make them at home?

A: I’ve never made them, but I do decorate my house with light to celebrate Christmas. This is one tradition for Christmas. We often put lots of Christmas lights on the outside of our house, and some pe ople do different colors. Some people just do white lights, but it’s really popular in America. Some people actually leave the lights on until, I don’t know, February. They forget to take them down with the new year, but having Christmas lights is really popular.

B: Yes, I remember seeing a lot of lights in the pictures of the Christmas cards my American friends sent me last year. Would you please introduce me some typical American Christmas traditions?

A: OK. For instance, one of the first things some people do on Christmas morning is to go to church. They go to Christmas Service. For Catholics it’s called Christmas Mass and they go and they celebrate the birth of Jesus, which is the reason why we have Christmas, basically, the reason for the holiday.

B: Do you observe other morning traditions at Christmas?

A: Sure. Another morning tradition is to open gifts. The children run down and they check the gifts under the tree. Usually they have to wait until their parents come down, so often on Christmas morning l ittle kids are bugging their parents to “wake-up, wake-up, wake-up”, so they can go down and see what they have for Christmas. And this is the favorite part about Christmas for children.

B: Everyone loves gifts! By the way, since you have been in China for several years, have you noticed that Christmas is also celebrated here by Chinese today?

A: Yes, of course. When I walked around Shanghai 20 years ago, I did not see many signs of Christmas. However, I can see signs of Christmas everywhere now! The Chinese people, especially those young people in the major cities of China, do celebrate Christmas!

B: But I know most of them are non-Christians. Why do they celebrate Christmas?

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A: Because they are interested in the commercial aspect of the holiday more than the religious reasons behind it. In fact, y oung people have found a “Chinese way” to celebrate Christmas. For them, Christmas is more like an excuse to have a break from their busy lives. You know, popular modern customs of the holiday include gift-giving, music, an exchange of greeting cards, a special meal, and the display of various decorations, which brings much fun to them.

B: Oh, that explains well why in many department stores across the country, Christmas decorations, trees, Santas and jingle bells can be found. They are luring shoppers with the promise of seasonal bargains.

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