英译汉 连淑能 Chapter5 addition增补法 - 图文

Addition（增补法）By:李想涂小连Addition（增补法）

Test

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5.1 Structural addition （结构性增补）5.2 Semantic addition （语义性增补）5.3 Rhetorical addition （修辞性增补）

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5.1 Structural Addition

（结构性增补）

5.1 Structural Addition（结构性增补）Structural addition is mainly due to the structural or grammatical differences between English and Chinese.

结构性增补（结构加法）主要是由于英语和中文的结构或语法差异。英语中省略或不必要的内容在中文中可能是必不可少的，反之亦然; 因此属于翻译中的加法原则。

Examples & Drill 5.1

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Supplying words omitted or substituted in original

(补充原文省略或被替代的词)

1.We won't retreat; we never have and never will.

我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。

2.water evaporates more rapidly when the temperatureis highthan when it is low.

温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。Brainstorm

Conceptualization

Proposal

Revisions

Drill 5.1 (补充原文省略或被替代的词)

1.They have our interest at heart as we have theirs.他们关心我们的利益，我们也关心他们的利益。06

2.Meantime the market kept growing, and the demand rising.同时，市场总是在扩大；需求总是在增加。RevisionsProposalConceptualizationBrainstormExamples & Drill 5.1

（2）Supplying words necessary in structure or collocation of the target text(补充译文结构或搭配所需要的词)

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1.You cannot build a ship, a house, or a machine tool if you do not know how to make or read a design.如果不懂得制图或看不懂图纸，就不能造船、盖房子或制造机床。2.For every action there is an equalandopposite reaction.对于每一种作用，都有大小相等、方向相反的作用。3.He was a quiet and thoughtful man.

他举止文雅，待人体贴。5.2 Semantic Addition（语义性增补）Supplying supplementary Verbs to explain the meanings of nouns补充辅助性动词以解释名词的意思Supplying supplementary nouns to make the meaning concrete and clear补充辅助性名词、范畴词，使语意具体清楚Supplying summarizing words

supplying illustrative words or expressions for better Understanding

补充解释性的词语，以利读者更好地理解

补充概括性的词

supplying illustrative words or expressions for better Understanding（补充解释性的词语，以利读者更好地理解）

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Semantic addition （语意性增补）

Supplying supplementary nouns

(category words)to make the meaning concrete and clear.(补充辅助性名词-范畴词

，使语意具体，清楚)

Identify your Trigger

Determine your Real Reward

Create New Routine

Examples；P133

1.In the event of war, the side which has a high degree of mobility will get a decided advantage.

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如果发生战争，哪一方有高度的机动性，哪一方就会活动决定性的优势。

2.Footsteps announced his return.

听见脚步声，知道他回来了。3.For my own part, I consider it as

nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery.

依我看来，我认为这完全是一个要么赢得自由要么沦为奴隶的问题。Drills 5.2.2 P133 增补动词

1.This was a record increase.

这是一个破纪录的增长数字。

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Supply Chinese verbs where necessary in translation.

2.The weight of a bode changes with altitude.

物体的重量随着它所处的高度变化。

3.She answered the door.

她应声开门。

4.Experts assign the temple decision.

专家确定这个寺庙是公元前150年修建的。

5.2.3 Supplying summarizing words

(补充概括性的词)

words

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Supplying summarizing

A Chinese sentence can be rendered clearer by supplying summarizing words after a heavy subject or a series of parallel expressions.

Question：Can you list some Chinese summarizing words?

?Words like “这”“那” “这一切”“所有”“这些”“上述各项”“凡此种种” even “以下内容”“如下事实”。

?(Drills 5.3,P142):

?1.The whole square was alive with singingand rejoicing.(四字格)

?整个广场沸腾起来，人们歌声嘹亮，喜气洋洋。

?2.It's a bit fishy that she should have given away a villalike that.

?那么好端端的一座别墅，她竟然拿它白白送了人，这里面多半有名堂。

?1.Addition is required when literal translation is

inadequate or confusing.We may add explanations or express what is implied in the original if the source text contains some cultural or background information that is not familiar to our

readers.However,misuse of addition should be avoided.

?此外，当直译不恰当或混淆时，我们可以添加解释或表达原文本中隐含的一些文化或背景信息，（但）这是我们的读者所不熟悉的，所以，应该避免滥用。

?增补的原则：原文有其意，但无其词，译文宜增补；增词不增意，正如减词不减意；译文增补应无损于原意，有益于通顺，有助于传神。“善删者字去留其意，善敷者辞殊而意显。”（刘勰：《文心雕龙·熔载篇》）

Thanks for coming

Have a nice day!

Example P134

Test

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.A designer must have a good foundation in

static, kinematics, dynamics, and strength of materials.

一个设计人员必须在静力学，运动学，动力学和材料学这几方面有很好的基础。

Drill 5.2.3

compare the following translations.

1.As a result of this combination of tradition and Test

policy,there are not many farms which are owned by absentee landowners.

1农事传统和（美国政府的）政策结合导致的结果是农场主不在场内经营农事的农场为数不多。

2农场主自己不住在农场里经营农事的农场在美国为数不多。这是美国传统和政府的政策结合产生的结果。

2.Closes tothe western edge of this region, here is a particularly lonely stretch of desert named Death

valley by pioneers who tried to cross it in their rush to the goldfields.

1 靠近这个地区的西边沙漠中，有格外凄凉的一段被早年急急忙忙赶往金矿去是试行跨过的地方，被拓荒者称为死亡之谷。

2靠近这个地区的西边，有一片特别凄凉的沙漠，早年的拓荒者曾经试图越过它到金矿山去淘金。这就是所谓的“死亡之谷”。

?1. The frequency（频率）, wavelength（波长）, and speed of sound are closely relate.?声音的频率，波长和速度三者是密切相关的。

?2. The principal（主要）functions that may be performed by vacuum tubes （真空管）are rectification（整流）, amplification （放大）,oscillation（振荡）,modulation（调制）, and detection（检波）.

?真空管的五大职能是：整流、放大、振荡、调制和检波。

5.2.4 supplying illustrative words or expressions for better Understanding

（补充解释性的词语，以利读者更好地理解）

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Translators often find it difficult to reproduce words, phrases or sentences which imply something beyond their literal meanings.

“翻译的最大困难是什么？就是两种文化的不同。在一种文化里头有些不言而喻的东西，在另一种文化里却要费很大力气加以解释。”

?1.It was Fridayand soon they’d go out and get drunk.(译者注：英国那时每逢星期五发一次工资)

?星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。

?2.You’re not Robinson Crusoe .You’re not alone , so don’t be so damned selfish.(译者注：鲁滨逊：流落荒岛，与世隔绝)

?你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁滨逊，不要事事只为自己打算。

?3.The blond（白发金肤碧眼的）boy quickly crossedhimself.(译者注：胸前划十字：祈祷上帝保佑)?那个白发金肤碧眼小伙子很快在胸口划十字，祈求上帝保佑。

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