三种路由器冗余协议的配置示例

三种路由器冗余协议的配置示例

2009-02-22 16:26:08| 分类： Cisco|字号 订阅

拓扑图

实验用到的是4台3640路由器，我用的镜像是unzip-c3640-ik9o3s-mz.124-10.bin 其中HSRP和VRRP用到SW1、SW2和SW3，而GLBP则用到全部4台路由器。

一、HSRP

1. 配置HSRP

SW1(config)#interface vlan 50

SW1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 SW1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 200 SW1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt SW1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.1 SW1(config-if)#standby 1 authentication MyKey SW1(config-if)#standby 2 priority 100 SW1(config-if)#standby 2 ip 192.168.1.2 SW1(config-if)#standby 2 authentication MyKey SW1(config-if)#^Z

SW2(config)#interface vlan 50

SW2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0

SW2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 100 SW2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.1 SW2(config-if)#standby 1 authentication MyKey SW2(config-if)#standby 2 priority 200 SW2(config-if)#standby 2 preempt SW2(config-if)#standby 2 ip 192.168.1.2 SW2(config-if)#standby 2 authentication MyKey SW2(config-if)#^Z

我们在这里一共配置了两个standby group，其中SW1充当group 1的active router，并配置了抢占，同时，它还充当了group 2的standby router。同理，SW2是group 2的active router，同时为group 1的standby router。 这时侯我们查看HSRP信息：

SW1#show standby vlan 50 brief

P indicates configured to preempt. |

Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IP Vl50 1 200 P Init unknown unknown 192.168.1.1 Vl50 2 100 Init unknown unknown 192.168.1.2 显示HSRP的状态为Init，而Standby为Unknown，这是由于我们还没有配置VLAN 50及将端口关联到VLAN 50

2. 在SW1和SW2上配置VLAN

SW1(vlan)#vlan 50 VLAN 50 added: Name: VLAN0050 SW1(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. Exiting.... SW1#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SW1(config)#int f0/1 SW1(config-if)#switchport

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 50 SW1(config-if)#

SW2#vlan database SW2(vlan)#vlan 50

VLAN 50 added: Name: VLAN0050 SW2(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. Exiting.... SW2#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SW2(config)#int f0/1 SW2(config-if)#switch

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 50

配置完成后我们可以看到SW1和SW2经历如下过程： SW1(config-if)#

*Mar 1 00:17:08.155: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby *Mar 1 00:17:08.155: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 2 state Speak -> Standby *Mar 1 00:17:08.655: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active *Mar 1 00:17:08.659: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 2 state Standby -> Active *Mar 1 00:17:17.783: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 2 state Active -> Speak 可以看到，SW1先从Speak状态转为Standby，然后尝试称为Active，在Group 2中，由于SW2的优先级比SW1高，所以SW1又转换为Speak 输入debug standby events SW1#debug standby events HSRP Events debugging is on SW1#

*Mar 1 00:05:24.131: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Active: i/Resign rcvd (100/192.168.1.11) *Mar 1 00:05:24.135: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Active: j/Coup rcvd from higher pri router (200/192.168.1.11)

*Mar 1 00:05:24.139: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Active router is 192.168.1.11, was local *Mar 1 00:05:24.139: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Active -> Speak

*Mar 1 00:05:24.139: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 2 state Active -> Speak SW1#

*Mar 1 00:05:24.139: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Redundancy \Speak SW1#

*Mar 1 00:05:27.131: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Redundancy group hsrp-Vl50-1 state Active -> Active SW1#

*Mar 1 00:05:30.131: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Redundancy group hsrp-Vl50-1 state Active

->Active SW1#

*Mar 1 00:05:34.123: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Standby router is 192.168.1.11

*Mar 1 00:05:34.139: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Speak: d/Standby timer expired (unknown) *Mar 1 00:05:34.139: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Standby router is local *Mar 1 00:05:34.139: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Speak -> Standby

*Mar 1 00:05:34.139: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 2 state Speak -> Standby SW1#

*Mar 1 00:05:34.139: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Redundancy \Standby

这里我们可以清晰看到每个状态的切换

查看SW1的HSRP状态 SW1#show standby vlan 50 brief

P indicates configured to preempt. |

Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IP Vl50 1 200 P Active local 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.1 Vl50 2 100 Standby 192.168.1.11 local 192.168.1.2 可以看到每个Group各自的active router和standby router，以及每个group的网关地址（这里的virtual ip）。

接下来，我们尝试关闭SW3的F0/0端口，让SW1和SW2不能通信，看会有什么结果。 首先在SW1上输入debug standby events 然后关闭SW3的F0/0端口 SW1#

*Mar 1 00:08:37.107: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Standby: c/Active timer expired (192.168.1.11) *Mar 1 00:08:37.107: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Active router is local, was 192.168.1.11 *Mar 1 00:08:37.107: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Standby router is unknown, was local *Mar 1 00:08:37.111: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Standby -> Active

*Mar 1 00:08:37.111: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 2 state Standby -> Active SW1#

*Mar 1 00:08:37.111: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Redundancy \Active

*Mar 1 00:08:38.095: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Standby router is unknown, was 192.168.1.11 SW1#

*Mar 1 00:08:40.115: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Redundancy group hsrp-Vl50-2 state Active -> Active SW1#

*Mar 1 00:08:43.115: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Redundancy group hsrp-Vl50-2 state Active -> Active

可以看到SW2自己成为group 2上的active router SW1#show standby vlan 50 brief

P indicates configured to preempt. |

Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IP Vl50 1 200 P Active local unknown 192.168.1.1 Vl50 2 100 Active local unknown 192.168.1.2 我们再次把SW3的F0/0端口打开 SW1#

*Mar 1 00:11:04.111: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.11 Active pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.1

*Mar 1 00:11:04.115: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Active: h/Hello rcvd from lower pri Active router (100/192.168.1.11)

*Mar 1 00:11:04.163: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Active: j/Coup rcvd from higher pri router (200/192.168.1.11)

*Mar 1 00:11:04.163: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Active router is 192.168.1.11, was local *Mar 1 00:11:04.167: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Active -> Speak

*Mar 1 00:11:04.167: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 2 state Active -> Speak SW1#

*Mar 1 00:11:04.167: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Redundancy \Speak SW1#

*Mar 1 00:11:07.115: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Redundancy group hsrp-Vl50-1 state Active -> Active SW1#

*Mar 1 00:11:10.115: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Redundancy group hsrp-Vl50-1 state Active -> Active SW1#

*Mar 1 00:11:14.163: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Speak: d/Standby timer expired (unknown) *Mar 1 00:11:14.163: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Standby router is local *Mar 1 00:11:14.163: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Speak -> Standby

*Mar 1 00:11:14.163: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan50 Grp 2 state Speak -> Standby SW1#

*Mar 1 00:11:14.167: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 2 Redundancy \Standby

*Mar 1 00:11:14.207: HSRP: Vl50 Grp 1 Standby router is 192.168.1.11 显示在group 2中有更高优先级的router，于是状态又切换回standby

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