最新高考英语专题复习精品资料—高中英语词汇全攻略

2018届高中英语词汇全攻略（不分版本）

abandon vt. go away from( a person or thing or place) not intending to return; desert 放弃，抛弃 词组 abadon one‘s home 离弃家园

abadon one‘s wife 遗弃妻子 an abandoned baby 被抛弃的孩子

abadon one‘s research for lack of fund 由于缺乏资金放弃研究 abandon oneself to 沉溺于

ability n. capacity or power to do sth physical or mental 能力 词组 to the best of one‘s ability 尽自己最大努力

例句 I believe your ability to bring out the best in others. 我相信你有充分发挥别人潜力的能力 able adj. having knowledge or skill; capable 有能力的， 能干的 反义词：unable 词组 be able to do

be capable of 有能力做某事

辨析 able capable 两个都指“有才能的”， able所指的意义，高过capable 一级

如 an able man 能应付各种事情的人（指非常的），而a capable man 能应付自如的人（指寻常的）；capable也可以用于贬义，表示此人什么事都干得出来。

aboard adv. prep. on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or a bus 在船（或飞机，车）上；

上船，登机, 在船（或飞机，车）上

词组 go aboard 上船（飞机） welcome aboard 请上船（飞机）

about prep. on the subject of (sb/sth); concerning or regarding关于；around在周围；在各处；大约 adv. (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place) 各处，周围 词组 be about to 刚要；正准备 例句 He was about to leave when it began to rain. How about…? What about…? 关于…怎么样？ How about going to watch a football game? 去看足球赛怎么样？ 辨析 be to do be going to do be about to do be to do 表示计划或安排要做的事

be going to do表示打算要做但还没有安排好何时做的事

be about to do表示某时突然想要做某事或表示过去刚要做某事时这时另一件事发生了,这时常

与when词组

例句 We are going to visit our former English teacher this winter holiday. 这个寒假我们打算去看看我们以前的英语老师。 We are to visit our English teacher on Feb 5th. 二月五日我们去看看我们的英语老师。 I was about to leave home when the doorbell rang. 我刚要出门，这时门铃响了。 above prep. higher than something 在…上面；高于；超过 反义词：below adv. 在上面 词组 above all 最重要的是 above average 超过平均水平

as indicated above 如上所示 above-mentioned 上述的 absent adj. not present 缺席,心不在焉 反义词 present v. fml to keep oneself away （正式）缺席，不在 词组 be absent from 缺席 be present at 出席 absent-minded 心不在焉的 absent expression 茫然的表情 in the absence of= in one‘s absence 有谁不在场 in the presence of= in one‘s presence 有谁在场 展开 absence n. 反义词 presence absolute adj. complete, total 十足的，道地的；绝对的，完全的 词组 an absolute idiot 十足的傻瓜 absolute power 绝对的权利 展开 absolutely adv. 完全地；极其 absorb vt. take sth in; include sth/sb as part of itself

吸收；接受；把…并入；吸引（注意力，精力等）

词组 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 （同）be lost in;

concentrate one‘s attention/ mind on focus one‘s mind/ attention on

abstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a phycial or practical existence

抽象的 反义词：concrete

an abstract noun 抽象名词 n. 摘要，梗概 词组 in the abstract 抽象地说，一般地说 accept v. take (sth offered) willingly 接受，认可 adj. acceptable 可以接受的 辨析 receive 表示“收到”，而accept 表示“接受”，其反义词为refuse I received his invitation yesterday but I did not accept it. 昨天我受到了他的邀请，但是没有接受。 admit 表示“接纳”，“吸收”某人加入某一组织，团体等 Soon he was admitted to British citizenship. 不久之后他便被接受为英国公民。 access n. means of approaching or entering( a place) 通道；

opportunity or right to use sth or approach sth 接近；接近的机会；享用权

词组 a man of easy access 容易接近的人 have access to 可以到达（进入）；能够使用（接近） 例句 The only access to that building is along the muddy track. 进入那幢大楼的唯一通道就是这条泥泞的轨道。

Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case. 只有几个人可以获取这个案例的全部事实。 展开 accessible adj. 容易接近，得到或使用

accident n. event that happens unexpectedly and causes damages, injury, etc.意外事件，事故 词组 a traffic accident 交通事故 by accident 偶然 （同）by chance accidentally (反)on purpose

例句 He owes his success to a mere accident 他的成功出于偶然

展开 accidental adj. 偶然的

accompany vt. to go with, as on a journey陪伴，陪同；

to happen or exist at the same time伴随，和…一起发生； to make supporting music for为…伴奏（或伴唱）

例句 I was accompanied to the airport by my wife. 妻子陪我到机场。 Suffering accompanied war. 灾难总是伴随着战争一起。 He sang a folk song, accompanied by his wife at the piano.

他唱了一首民歌，他妻子钢琴伴奏

展开 company n. 陪伴 keep sb. company 陪伴

accomplish v. to succeed in doing; finish successfully; perform 实行，完成 词组 accomplish one‘s purpose 达到目的 accomplish nothing 一事无成 accomplish wonders 创造奇迹 an accomplished young lady 多才多艺的少女 展开 accomplished adj. 熟练的，已完成的，有教养的 辨析 accomplish complete finish achieve fulfil accomplish—指通过努力完成（某一任务，使命），取得（成就），达到（目的）等 complete— 较accomplish更具体，指把建筑，工程，书籍等完成

finish— 指完成日常琐事，接动名词作“结束”讲，而complete则不能如此。另外，finish

指消极性的“完成”

辨析： I have finished the book. 我已读完这本书了。

I have completed the book. 我已写完这本书了。

fulfil— 完成（计划，任务），达到（目的），强调的是对预期的或保证过的事情圆满完成，

达到预想的目的和要求。

I had fulfilled many of my youthful ambitions.我已实现了我年轻时的许多抱负。

展开 achieve—指排除困难，完成伟大功业，取得成就。 according adv. 按照；根据 词组 according to 根据

accordingly adv. 相应地

account n. a written or spoken report; description记述，描述，报告

n. a record or statement of money received and paid out, as by a bank or business, esp. for a particular period or at a particular date账，帐户

n. 解释，说明 vi. account for 说明…的原因，是…的原因 vi. account for （在数量，比例方面）占 词组 give an account of 叙述；报告 pay one‘s account 付帐 keep accounts 记账 on account of 由于；因为 on no account 决不 take…into account=take account of=take into consideration 考虑 of no account 不重要的 on account 以赊帐方式 展开 accountant n. 会计人员

accuse v. to charge(someone)with doing wrong or breaking the law; blame 指责 词组 accuse sb. of sth.=charge sb.with sth. 控告某人

the accused 被告 the accuser 原告 展开 accusation n. 指责，控告

accustomed adj. being in the habit of; used to习惯于；

regular, usual 通常的，惯常的

词组 表示“习惯于” be (get, become, grow) accustomed to be (get, become, grow) used to （变得）习惯于 adapt oneself to adjust oneself to 使自己习惯于 accustom oneself to

例句 This is her accustomed hour to get up. 这是她惯常的起床时间 ache n. a continuous pain疼痛 vi. to have or suffer a continuous dull pain 疼痛，酸痛

合成词 toothache 牙疼

headache 头疼 stomachache 胃疼 辨析 ache pain hurt ache 指一种辨析持久的疼痛，或因小病或失调引起的感觉 I have an ache in my stomach. 我胃疼。 He is aching all over. 他浑身痛。 pain 指人体感到不舒服，是一般用语，可指身体或精神方面的痛 I have a sharp pain in the neck. 我的颈部痛得很。 hurt 指身体或精神的伤害，指“疼痛”时，为不及物动词 What you have said hurt her. 你说的伤到她了。 My fingers still hurt now. 我的手指还在痛。

achieve vt. to finish successfully(esp. something, anything, nothing) 完成，实现，达到 vi. 成功 词组 achieve one‘s aim 达成目标 achieve nothing 一事无成 achieve success 成功 achieve a general increase in production 实现逐步增长 辨析 （见accomplish词条）

展开 achievement n. 成就，成绩

acquire vt. to get for oneself by one‘s own work, skill, action, etc.取得，获得；学到 词组 acquire a property 得到一笔财产 acquire a large vocabulary 学到大量词汇 acquire confidence 获得信心 辨析 acquire get obtain gain acquire 指（经过一个过程或通过自己的努力才）“获得”，“习得” get 为一般用语，表示“得”，“取得”等，常用在口语中

across 词组 辨析

obtain 比get文雅些，指凭着努力，要求等而“得到”

Further information can be obtained from our head office.

可以从我们总部获得更多信息

gain “取得”“赚得（利益等）”，含优势和成就等意味。

Nothing can be gained without an effort . 不劳则无获。

prep. from one side to the other of穿过…， 横过…， 在…的对面 adv. 从 边到另一边；宽，横 come ~ =run across 碰到某人或遭遇某事 get across 惹（某人）不高兴 put across 哄骗（使相信或接受） get sth. across 使人理解,领会 put sth. across 讲清楚，使人听懂 The stream is 6 feet across. 这条小溪六尺宽。

He was unable to get across to the group what he meant.他无法让人了解他什么意思。 We must learn how to put our ideas across. 我们必须学会讲清楚我们的观点。 across through

across 指平面的穿过 through 指空间的穿过

辨析 across the river/ street/ desert/ plain through the forest/ window/ gate

act vi. To take action行动；做，做事；to represent ( a part) or perform by action表演 vt. 扮演（角色） n. 行为，动作；法令；条例 词组 act on/ upon 1. 根据…行事 2．对…产生影响，对…起作用 act on the teacher‘s instructions 遵照老师的指令 Acids act on metals. 酸对金属起作用。 in the act of 正做…的过程中 an act of great daring 英勇的行为 an education act 教育法 例句 She acted wisely in this matter. 她在这事上做得很明智。 He wasn‘t acting like himself. 他的举止反常。 He acts very well in the play. 他在剧中演得很好 He acted Romeo. 他演罗密欧。

action process of doing something n. 行动 词组 take action 采取行动 out of action 不（再）起作用，不（再）运转 go /come into action 开始战斗，开始行动 辨析 action act activity act 指短暂，个别的，具体的“行为”

例句

action 偏重于抽象的，占时较长的“行为”，“行为过程”，更具有连续性。

activity 指活动

The thief was caught in the very act of stealing. 小偷在行窃时被逮捕。

Firm action must be taken to prevent such an accident from happening again. 必须采取果断措施以防止此类事故再度发生。

展开 classroom activity 班级活动

action 也常指做事的方法或效果 action of a runner/ a medicine 跑步者的动作（药的作用）

actions泛指人们的行为，常与呼应 Actions speak louder than words. （谚语）事实胜于雄辩

注：我们可以有如下表达

a foolish/ kind/ brave act (or action)=

an act( not action ) of foolishness/ kindness/ bravery

active energetic; quick; lively adj. 积极的，主动的 词组 be active in = take an active part in 积极参加

actively adv. 积极地

adapt v.make sth suitable for a new use, situation etc. 使适应，使适合；

. v. alter or modify( a text) for televison, the stage, etc. 修改，改编 词组 adapt oneself to 使自己适应，习惯（见accustomed 词条） adapt to 适应 add v. put something together with sth else so as to increase the size, number, amount etc.

加，添加；进一步说（或写），附带说明

词组 add up to = amount to = total = come to 合计达，总计 add to 增加 add up 加起来 add to one‘s confusion/ difficulty 增加困惑，困难 例句 Three added to four makes seven. 3加4等于7 Add all these figures and see what the total is.把这些数字加起来，看看是多少。

addition n. adding, esp calculating the total of tow or more numbers 加；加法 词组 in addition = besides 另外，加之 in addition to = as well as = besides 除…之外（还有） 展开 additional adj. 附加的，另外的

address n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters , etc may be

delivered 地址，住址；

n. speech made to an audience演说，讲话

vt. （在信封或包裹上）写姓名，地址；向…作（正式）讲话；对…发表演说； 称呼；处理 词组 address oneself to 向…讲话，致力于 辨析 address speech lecture report talk address 指较正式隆重场合上所作的“演说”

例句

action 偏重于抽象的，占时较长的“行为”，“行为过程”，更具有连续性。

activity 指活动

The thief was caught in the very act of stealing. 小偷在行窃时被逮捕。

Firm action must be taken to prevent such an accident from happening again. 必须采取果断措施以防止此类事故再度发生。

展开 classroom activity 班级活动

action 也常指做事的方法或效果 action of a runner/ a medicine 跑步者的动作（药的作用）

actions泛指人们的行为，常与呼应 Actions speak louder than words. （谚语）事实胜于雄辩

注：我们可以有如下表达

a foolish/ kind/ brave act (or action)=

an act( not action ) of foolishness/ kindness/ bravery

active energetic; quick; lively adj. 积极的，主动的 词组 be active in = take an active part in 积极参加

actively adv. 积极地

adapt v.make sth suitable for a new use, situation etc. 使适应，使适合；

. v. alter or modify( a text) for televison, the stage, etc. 修改，改编 词组 adapt oneself to 使自己适应，习惯（见accustomed 词条） adapt to 适应 add v. put something together with sth else so as to increase the size, number, amount etc.

加，添加；进一步说（或写），附带说明

词组 add up to = amount to = total = come to 合计达，总计 add to 增加 add up 加起来 add to one‘s confusion/ difficulty 增加困惑，困难 例句 Three added to four makes seven. 3加4等于7 Add all these figures and see what the total is.把这些数字加起来，看看是多少。

addition n. adding, esp calculating the total of tow or more numbers 加；加法 词组 in addition = besides 另外，加之 in addition to = as well as = besides 除…之外（还有） 展开 additional adj. 附加的，另外的

address n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters , etc may be

delivered 地址，住址；

n. speech made to an audience演说，讲话

vt. （在信封或包裹上）写姓名，地址；向…作（正式）讲话；对…发表演说； 称呼；处理 词组 address oneself to 向…讲话，致力于 辨析 address speech lecture report talk address 指较正式隆重场合上所作的“演说”

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