英语专业四级考试阅读理解考前最后冲刺技巧上

英语专业四级考试阅读理解解题步骤

1．浏览试题，明确目标

在进行阅读之前，首先浏览短文后面的题目。看完试题题干和四个选项后，分析掌握每道试题考查的内容和题型（如是主旨大意题、细节理解题，还是推理分析题等），以便带着问题有目标地阅读短文，按照相应的解题技巧寻找正确答案。

2．略读全文，掌握大意

有效的阅读是先掌握全局，再寻求细节。略读（skimming）又称跳读（reading and skipping）或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门而实用的快速阅读方法，主要特点是选择性地阅读。拿到一篇500字左右的文章时，应先用30秒左右的时间进行略读，其目的一是：以尽可能快的速度获取文章主旨大意或中心思想；二是辨识文章体裁，掌握结构（如果是记叙文，就需要了解故事发生的时间、地点、背景和人物活动等主要线索；如果是议论文，就要弄清文章的中心论点以及论述内容）。略读完成后就去看题干，这时有关文章主旨大意题已经有了答案，而对细节题要根据题目的具体要求回到文章中再进行快速扫读以找到相应的信息。

【真题示例】（2009）

Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so I’m going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.

The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. Virtually in any public space.

Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person can’t walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.

So, a cellphone. Any cellphone. Just pick it up. Don’t dial. Just h old that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.

For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business:

“Yes, I’m glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. What’s that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins

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right there.”

Be animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your phone, shrug and move on.

Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching (用手捏) unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, you’d be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.

One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. “So I don’t need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news.”

And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. “What is the matter with this thing?” I sai d, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear.

“Hello? Are you still there?”

Oops.

【解题点拨】通过略读各段的主题句可知其讲述内容为作者自己命名的一种手机“服务”：假装打电话。全文是先归纳后演绎的结构，第一段给“假装打电话”下定义，下面各段说明这一策略的应用，最后几段说明应该注意的问题并附有例子。文章后的题干为：

85. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. Cellphone service is popular among people.

B. Cellphone has much use in office.

C. Fake foning is a new cellphone service.

D. Fake foning is a new discovery.

【解题点拨】通过略读首段的主题句Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. 这里提到的service是第二句中指出的Fake Foning. 从后面的阐述来看，这不是真正的cellphone service，而是作者自己发明的用法，因此，选项C错误，故为答案。首段第二句指出，thousands of people have already been using it，选项A是正确说法，而选项D 是对but I just discovered it的解释，第二段首句The technology has been working well for me at the office，表明选项D也是正确说法。

86. What is fake foning?

A. A strategy to avoid people.

B. A device newly produced.

C. A service provided everywhere.

D. A skill of communication.

【解题点拨】通过略读第三段和第四段，作者以去洗手间为例，说明如何利用fake foning 避免路上被同事拉住谈话。此外，第五段明确提及，For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business:，由此推断，fake foning是避免同事的策略，故选项A为答案。

更多解题点拨可到上海外语教育出版社“四八级在线”网站观看视频讲解

87. In the author’s opinion, in order to make fake foning look real one has to

A. talk about interesting matters.

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B. behave politely to people passing by.

C. hold the phone while walking.

D. appear absorbed in conversation.

略读第七段指出，假装打电话的要点，Be animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. 选项D appear absorbed in conversation是对Be engaged in your fake fone conversation.的解释，因此选项D为答案。

注意：略读就是快速浏览整篇文章：文章开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句，如果段落很长，则再快速浏览中间的任意一行文字。略读的方法不是一成不变的，要视具体文章而定。

3．扫读定位，获得信息

扫读（scanning）的目的是为了尽快找到所需的特定细节。在对文章进行了略读后，把握了文章大意和结构，然后根据题目要求和段首或段尾的题头句，确定所需细节的位置，找到答案。英语专业四级2009年真题中的88题就是细节理解题：

88. What does the last example show?

A. One effective way is to fake fone one’s doctor.

B. One has to be careful while fake foning.

C. Fake foning may not deceive people.

D. Fake foning is always quite successful.

【解题点拨】根据the last example 扫读到文章结尾处，由第九段可知，the last example指的是作者正假装忙于打电话时，电话却忽然响了。而作者在讲述这个例子之前有这样一句话One important caution about fake foning.，即告诉读者当你假装打电话时，必须谨慎小心，因此选项B是答案。

另一个例子选自2006年真题。完整真题可参见“四八级在线”在线测试栏目Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class—whether a person is “working class” or “middle class”—are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.

In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctor s. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “house-keeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.

86. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?

A. Life style and occupation.

B. Attitude and income.

C. Income and job security.

D. Job security and hobbies.

【解题点拨】本题为细节理解题，考察对第二段的理解。根据题干中的in the past可迅速扫读全文，确定答案所在——第二段第一句。根据该段第一句（in the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors.）可推断工人阶级和中产阶级的收入差别大，为经济原因；再根据第二句，As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct in life-styles and attitudes came into

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existence. 可推断工人阶级的工作没有保障，所以答案为C。

【注意】扫读是一种从大量资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其他无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。运用这种方法，读者就能在最短的时间内略过尽可能多的阅读材料，找到所需要的信息。

扫读和略读不同。略读时，读者事先对材料一无所知；而扫读则是读者在略读之后，根据已知的文章大意与结构，按照题目要求确定所需特定信息，从而找出正确答案。这种方法一般可应用于细节题的查找。

4．回查难点，确定答案

回查指考生在时间允许的情况下，对于把握不大或较难的试题（如推理分析题和观点态度题等），将所给出的选项与原文中对应部分进行仔细比较，反复推敲，从而得出结论。考生要尽量避免主观臆断，要在文中找到支持的论据，以确保答案准确无误。在检查时，应该从语篇整体上看答案是否符合文章主题、作者态度、意图及文体特征。如果发现个别选项仍然需推敲，要慎重考虑。如果没有绝对把握，不要轻易改动，相信第一感觉。

六、阅读理解的试题题型分类及解题技巧

1．主旨大意题

专业四级主旨大意题主要考查学生在阅读中对文章中心思想、作品的基调以及文章

大意的理解和掌握情况。这一类的问题经常出现的提问方式有：

What is this passage mainly (primarily) concerned with?

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Which is the main idea (subject) of this passage?

What is the main topic of the passage?

The passage mainly deals with ______________.

The main theme of this passage is __________________.

What is the best title for the passage?

The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is __________________.

The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is ______________________.

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Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

The purpose of this article is to ______________________________.

【应对策略】主旨大意题有关整个文章的中心思想，需要宏观把握。拿到一篇文章，先不急于逐字逐句地往下读，而是先快速浏览文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。英语文章与汉语文章不同，前者大多呈直线走向，而后者讲究承转起合，所以很多英语文章的中心思想会出现在文章的开头或结尾，尤其是议论文和说明文；同样，有85%的段落大意会在每一段首句或尾句，15%可能会出现在段落中间。

为了快速得出答案，可用排除法来做。迅速找出某些选项的漏洞或者不确切的地方，缩小选择范围，最后选定答案。

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