名词性从句优秀教案新部编本(练习)

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教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期]

任教学科：_____________

任教年级：_____________

任教老师：_____________

xx市实验学校

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名词性从句讲解（复习课）

一、热点考点回顾

（一）名词性从句定义

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses），名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。（二）名词性从句

1.从句的分类

形容词性从句，即定语从句

状语从句

从句主语从句

名词性从句宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

2.说明：

①名词性从句的功能相当于名词，根据其在句中充当的成份，有不同的叫法。

②引导名词性从句的连接词主要有：

a.从属连词that，无词义，不作句子成分；在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他

名词性从句时通常不省略。

I hope (that) you will enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。

That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。

b.从属连词if，whether（是否）有词义，但不作句子成分。引导宾语从句时，可

换成互换，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if；

He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用if 代替whether)

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c.从属连词as if（=as though，似乎、好像）有词义，但不作句子成分；

She looked as if she had cried. 她看起来好像哭过。

d.连接代词who，whoever，what，whatever，whom，whomever，which，whichever，

how much，how many有词义，作主语、宾语、定语成分；

Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。

Whoever pass the exam will get a prize. 无论哪一个通过考试都会得到一个奖品。

e.连接副词when，whenever，where，wherever，why，how，however，how often，

how soon，how far，how long作状语成分。

The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。

When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。

Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。

③在名词性从句中，要用陈述语序。

【例】1.I don’t know where does he live.(false)

I don’t know where he lives.(tr ue) 我不知道他住在哪。

2.What life in the future will be like is unknown.(true)

What will life in the future be is unknown.(false)

【链接训练】

1. The photographs will show you ____ ．（MET89）

A．what does our village look like

B．what our village looks like

C．how does our village look like

D．how our village looks like

［解析］答案：B。根据引导词在从句中作介词like的宾语，所以不能用副词how，排除C、D，而A项用了疑问句的语序，故选B项

2. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET92）

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A．did I pay how much

B．I paid how much

C．how much did I pay

D．how much I paid

答案：D

3.(04广东25)Parents are taught to understand_____ important education is to their children’s future.

A.that

B.how

C.such

D.so 解析本题关键是对句子的理解和语序的安排。抛开从句不看的话，从句中的原句应该是：Education is important to their children’s future。强调important，用how来修饰，再把它提前，所以应该选Bhow。

④不可用no matter who，no matter what等引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句。

○5名词性从句的时态问题

1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在式时，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

My mother ask me whether I have finished my homework.

我妈妈问我是否完成家庭作业了。

2.当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。

My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 我老师说地球围绕太阳转。

She said that she didn't want to know. 她说她不想知道。

I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意。

3. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如：

I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you. 我不知道他什么时候，但当他来的时候，我会打电话给你。

句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个

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when 引导的是时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。

（一）、主语从句

1.定义：若处在主语的位置上是个句子，那么这个句子就叫做主语从句。

2.注意事项：

a.在主语从句中，任何引导词都不可以省去。

【例】That her hair is turning grey worries her.

b.在主语从句中，不用if，用whether。

【例】Whether he will come or not is not clear.(true)

If he will or not is not clear.(false)

c.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。若谓语动词为两个或两个以上时，则

用复数。

【例】1.Where we will have a holiday hasn’t been decided.

2.Where we’ll go picnicing and how we will go aren’t clear.

d.主语从句作主语时，习惯上用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。

【例】1.It’s very clear that the boy was seriously ill.

形式主语真正的主语

2.It’s uncertain whether we’ll have a meeting today.

3.It hasn't been decided when they will leave for(前往) New York.

e.以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常见句型有：

It's certain/uncertain that… …肯定…/不确定……

It's likely/possible/probable that… 有可能……

It's a pity/shame that… 很可惜/很遗憾……

It's no surprise that… 毫不奇怪/很正常……

It's said/reported/thought/believe that… 据说/据报道/大家认为/人们相信……

It happens that… 碰巧……

f.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须用it做形式主语。

【例】1.Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture?

2.Does it matter much tha t they won’t come?

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g.主语从句的虚拟语气，常见句型如下：

?It's a pity/shame/no wonder+that+主语+(should)+ v.…

?It's requested/suggested/desired+that+主语+(should)+ v.…

?It's necessary/strange/important+that+主语+(should)+ v.…

【链接训练】

1.(06辽宁30)______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

A.What

B.Who

C.Whatever

D.Whoever

解析what引导主语从句，并作从句的主语，A. what=the thing that。

2.(06山东27)____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

A.No matter what

B.No matter which

C.Whatever

D.Whichever

解析由句式结构可知此空白处应选择连词引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作team的定语使用，选项中只有whichever和whichever可同时具备这两种功能，且从数个已知的队中选择一个，故选D.whichever。

3.(07福建35)It is none of your business ____other people think about you.Believe yourself.

A.how

B.what

C.which

D.when

解析本题考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，而真正的主语应为后面的从句，且从句中缺少动词think的宾语，故用B. what引导。

（二）、表语从句

1.定义：若处在表语的位置，即放在系动词be, seem, look等词之后，那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。

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2.注意事项：

a.引导表语从句的任何词都不可以省（在口语中that偶尔可以省去）。

【例】The truth is (that) I have never been there.

b.在表语从句中，不用if，用whether。

c.as if（=as though）可以引导表语从句。

【例】It looks as if it’s going to rain.

The girl seems as though she has cried.

【链接训练】

1.(04全国Ⅰ31)You are saying that everyone should be equal，and this is___ I disagree.

A.why

B.where

C.what

D.how

解析where引导表语从句，where指的是在某一点上，相当于at the point。句意为：你说每个人都应该平等，在这一点上，我不同意你的说法。disagree是不及物动词，所以不能用what，故选B。

2.(05安徽32)Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer ___it was

20 years ago,______it was so poorly equipped.

A.what;when

B.that;which

C.what;which

D.which;that

解析第一个从句是表语从句并在从句中作表语，所以用what；后面是一个when 引导的定语从句，其先行词是20 years ago,故选A。

3.(06全国Ⅰ23)See the flags on top of the building? That was_____we did this morning.

A.when

B.which

C.where

D.what 解析本题考查了表语从句的用法。由句中句子结构可知，此处缺一表语从句引导词，而且要在句中作did的宾语，故只有D.what符合要求。

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（三）、宾语从句

1.定义：若处在宾语的位置上是个句子，那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。

2.注意事项：

①引导宾语从句的that可以省，但若有两个或以上的that引导的宾语从句时，只可以省去第一个that，其后的不省。

【例】I find (that) he is dishonest and that he often tell lies.

②that引导的宾语从句位于句首时，不可以省去that。

【例】That he ever said such a thing, I don’t believe.

③if和whether在引导宾语从句时，可以互换，但在下列情况下不可以：

a.与or not连用时，只用whether，不用if。

b.用if引导的宾语从句，如果会产生歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。【例】Please tell me if you intend to go.

上例中if翻译为“如果”、“是否”均可。

c.介词后的宾语从句，只用whether，不用if。

【例】It depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.

d.与不定式连用时，只能用whether，不能用if。

【例】I don’t know whether to go or not.

e.discuss后接whether引导的宾语从句，不可接if。

f.将宾语从句放在句首时，只用whether引导，不用if。

【例】Whether he’ll come to the meeting tomorrow,I’m not sure.

④如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语时，则需用it作形式主语，而将宾语后置，此时that不可省。

【例】1.We thought it strange that Xiao Ming didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.

2.We find it necessary that we should ask him for advice.

3.He made it clear that anyone who broke the law would be punished.

⑤介词后的宾语从句不可以用which来引导，用what或whatever。

【例】1.Are you sorry for what you have done?

2.The Emperor was pleased with what the minister had told him about the cloth.

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3.He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.

⑥在宾语从句中，时态要一致：

若主句是现在时态（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句可根据需要用在何时态。

【例】he is having supper now.

he saw the film yesterday.

he will go to Shanghai next week.

I think that he was watching TV at 7:00 last night.

he often goes to work by bus.

he has read the magazine before.

若主句为过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），从句也要用相应的过去时。但客观真理、科学原理、格言等永远用一般现在时，不受时态要一致的规则限制。

【例】1.He said he will come to see me next week.(false)

He said he would come to see me next week.(true)

He said he has been there.(false)

He said he had been there.(true) 他说他曾经在这。

2. the earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。

⑦由连词that引导的宾语从句很少做介词的宾语，只用在except（=but，除…以外，不包括在内）、besides（除…以外，包括某一范围在内）之后，且此时的that 不可省。其它一些介词后若出现that引导的宾语从句时，要用it先行一步，作形式宾语，后放从句。

【例】1.The girl hasn’t changed at all except that she is no longer so talktive (adj. 健谈的).

2.Your composition is well-written except that there are a few spelling

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mistakes.

3.You may depend on it that they’ll support you.

4.We must see to (确保) it that everyone will be pleasant at the meeting.

⑧在宾语从句中应注意句型：

what is the matter with him.(true)

I don't know what's wrong with him.(true) 已是陈述语序

what wrong is with him.(false)

what the matter is with him.(false)

⑨believe，think，guess，suppose在含有宾语从句的疑问句中要作“插入语”。【例】1.Do you know who he is waiting for?(true) 你知道他在等谁吗？

Who do you think he is waiting for?(true)

2.What do you suppose he is doing now?

3.Where do you believe he has been? 你相信他在哪？

⑩I'm afraid/sure/sorry/certain+that-clause也叫宾语从句。

【例】I’m afraid that I have a bad cold. 我害怕得重感冒。

【链接训练】

1.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ____ she was so angry.（10湖南）

A. where

B. whether

C. that

D. why

解析：该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。

2.As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ____ it takes to start a business here.（10天津）

A. how

B. what

C. When

D. which

句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。

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解析：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。

3.(04湖南24)I think father would like to know___I’ve been up to so far，so I decide to send him a quick note.

A.which

B.why

C.what

D.how

解析此句关键在于弄清短语be up to该短语意思是：忙于，从事，其中to为介词，所以需要一个代词，根据句意，只能用what,故选C。

4.(04北京31)We can’t figure out___quite a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.

A.that

B.as

C.why

D.when

解析本题考查引导宾语从句的引导词。根据关键词are dying out可排除as、when两项。figure out有“理解，想出；计算”等意。根据句意应选C why。

（四）、同位语从句

1.定义：若处在同位语的位置上是个句子，那么这个句子就叫做同位语从句。

2.注意事项：

①同位语从句要放在某些名词之后，用来解释或说明这些名词的内容，常见的有：fact，news，hope，promise，idea，truth，suggestion，thought，order，question，problem，belief，doubt，fear，word(n. [U]消息)，possibility，report。

②在同位语从句中，不用if，用whether。

③常用来引导同位语从句的连词有：that，whether，how，when，where，what。

④为了保持句子平衡，有时同位语从句会和它前面的名词分开。

【例】An order has come from Berlin that no language but German should be taught in the schools of France.(避免头重脚轻)

⑤引导同位语从句的任何词都不可省。

⑥注意区分定语从句和同位语从句。

定语从句：用来修饰其前面的名词，关系词在句中作成分；

同位语从句：用来说明其前面的名词的内容，引导词在从句中不作成分。

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【比较】1.The news (that/which) I heard is true.(定语从句)

The news that our team won is true.(同位语从句)

2.The suggestion that he put forward was turned down.

He put forward the suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.

3.I have no idea when he will come back.

4.The man can't answer the question how he got the money.

5.He expressed the hope that they could come to China again next year.

6.My mother made a promise that she would buy me a new computer. 【补充】1.Whoever breaks the law will be published.

2.Whoever says that is a liar.

3.Whoever heard of such a thing!

特别注意what的双重功能：

①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．

(what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that…；all that…；everything that…”)

②After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed．（M ET'93）

A.what

B.when

C.that

D.which

(what相当于“the time that”，表示“……时间”)

③He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？

(what表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that…”)

④What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world．

(what表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that…”)

⑤Our income is now double what it was ten years ago

(what表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount ／number that…”)

【链接训练】

1.(04上海春41)Along with the letter was his promise____ he would visit me this

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coming Christmas.

A.which

B.that

C.what

D.whether

解析本题考查同位语从句。句意为:他在信中承诺：在即将到来的圣诞节来看望我。由句子结构可以看出promise后的从句非常完整，不缺少任何句子成份；由题意可知该从句用以说明promise的内容，所以可判断出是一个同位语从句，因为是在陈述一个事实，故引导词要用that，故选B。

2.(05浙江15)Danby left word with my secretary_____ he would call again in the afternoon.

A.who

B.that

C.as

D.which

解析that引导的从句作word“口信”的同位语，别的引导词不合适故选B。

3.(05辽宁29)Do you have any idea____is actually going on in the classroom?

A.that

B.what

C.as

D.which

解析在这里，所填词引导的从句是对前面名词idea内容的解释，所以应是同位语从句。同位语从句中缺主语，根据题意，答案应为B.what。

二、典型例题

1. ______ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.（北京）

A. Whether

B. What

C. That

D. How

2. —How about camping this weekend, just for a change?（10浙江）

—OK, ______ you want.

A．whichever B．however C．whatever

D．whoever

3. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.（10浙江）

育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰

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A．that B．what C．how

D．whether

4. One reason for her preference for city life is ______ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.（10上海）

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. why

5. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was

______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.（10北京32）

A. what

B. that

C. why

D. whether

6. Before the sales start, I make a list of ____my kids will need for the coming season.（10山东26）

A. why

B. what

C. how

D. which

7. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know ______ （10上海37）.

A. he is entering which lane

B. which lane he is entering

C. is he entering which lane

D. which lane is he entering

8. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on_____he goes with，whether his friends or relatives．（10四川14）

A．what B．who C．how D．Why

9. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. （10全国Ⅰ33）

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. Where

10. I want to be liked and loved for ______I am inside.（10湖北31）

A. who

B. where

C. what

D. how

三、课堂练习

1. _________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰

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A. Which

B. What

C. That

D. Who m

2.The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would fa ce.

A. what

B. how

C. that

D. why

3.There is clear evidence____the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bod ily pain.

A. what

B. if

C. how

D. that

4.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.

A. why

B. that

C. which

D. wh at

5.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never fin ishes anything.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. wh y

6.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.

A. where

B. what

C. whether

D. whic h

7.The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.

A. this

B. that

C. what

D. whi ch

8.It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.

A. that

B. how

C. when

D. why

9.His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out______ it is he is t rying to express.

A. that

B. how

C. who

D. wha

育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰

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t

10.Our teachers always tell us to believe in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.

A. why

B. how

C. what

D. wh ich

11._Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to rea

d fast.

A. what

B. who

C. how

D. wh y

12.When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.

A. since

B. which

C. that

D. beca use

13.Modern science has given clear evidence _____smoking can lead to many d iseases.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. whe re

14.I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.

A. why

B. when

C. which

D. what

15.It is still under discussion___the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

A. whether

B. when

C. which

D. wher e

四、课后作业

一、选择题

育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰

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1.It is not always easy for the public to see______ use a new invention can b

e o

f to human life.

A. whose

B. what

C. which

D. that

2.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. why

3.—Have you finished the book?（10全国Ⅱ10）

---No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.where

4.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.（10江苏35）—That’s_______I don’t agree .You should have a more active life.

A.where

B.how

C.when

D.what

5. (09安徽32)_____ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

A. It has

B. They have

C. It remains

D. There re mains

6 (09湖南28)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _____ it takes to save her life.

A. whichever

B. however

C. whatever

D. whoever

7. (江西) The fact has worried many scientists_____the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. though

8. (09海南24) Could I speak to____is in charge of International Sales please?

A. who

B. what

C. whoever

D. whatever

9. (09海南33)One of the most important questions they had to consider was_____of public health

育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰

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A. what

B. this

C. that

D. which

10. (09陕西17) The how-to-book can be of help to____wants to do the job.

A. who

B. whomever

C. no matter who

D. whoever

11.(09上海40) As a new diplomat, he often thinks of____he can react more appropriately on such occasions.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. how

12.(09四川7)News came from the school office _______Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where

13.(09天津7) It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.

A. as

B. which

C. whether

D. That

14.(09浙江12)－Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?

－No problem.

A.when

B. that

C. whether

D. What

15.(09重庆31)We should consider the students’ request ___ the school library provide more books on popular science.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. Where

16.(09江苏34)Many young people in the West are expected to leave __ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. What

17.(09山东28)The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait for her mother.

A. where

B. what

C. how

D. who

育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰

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18.(08北京30)The companies are working together to create_____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. who

19.(08天津12)The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.

A. where

B. how

C. when

D. why

20.(08安徽29)Students are always interested in finding out＿＿＿they can go with a new teacher.

A．how far B．how soon C．how often D．how long

二、写作

假如你是某家英语报社的编辑，昨日收到一位中学生读者王丽的来信。请根据来信内容和所给要点写封回信。

Dear editor,

I’m a hard-working girl in senior three and I want to perform well in every exam. But in the exams I always feel anxious and make the mistakes that I should have avoided. I am really worried about it, for the college entrance exam is coming. What can I do to improve my performance in exams ?

Yours,

Wang Li

内容提示：1. 正确认识考试的意义；

2. 要学会缓解考试焦虑；

育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰

精品教学教案设计| Excellent teaching plan

3. 善于总结以前的错误，不懂的可以问老师和同学；

4. 考前不要熬夜，要保障充足的睡眠；

5. 考试时注意合理分配时间并尽量抽出几分钟时间检查。

要求：1.用5个句子表达，开头语己为你写好；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Wang Li，

It’s good that you know what prevents you from getting satisfactory scores in exams.

I would like to offer you some tips.

……

Editor

育人犹如春风化雨，授业不惜蜡炬成灰

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