八上Unit2知识点

Unit2 Numbers

学习目标 语音 词汇 1. 掌握单词的重读，弱读读音； 2. 掌握单词的重读，弱读规则； 高频词 number, instructions, check, gram, son, chess, India, wise, challenge, promise, prize, grain, chessboard, double, amount, rest, gold, instead, realize, copy, correctly, traffic, accident 高频词组 a long time ago, challenge.....to... , and so on, copy down 功能 语法 1. 能够准确读出基数词和序数词； 2. 能用英语表达加减乘除运算。 1. 掌握基数词的构成； 2. 掌握序数词的构成； 3. 掌握数学运算的表达方法。 学习指导

Reading

一、词汇讲解

1. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. 一天一位年长的智者来到皇宫，国王邀请他一起下棋。

Challenge: 向（某人）挑战。Challenge sb sth = challenge sb to do sth: 挑战某人做某事 Eg. Mike challenged Tom to a game of badminton.

翻译：

2. The king promised the old man, “You can have any prize if you win the game.”国王答应老者，“如果你赢了，就可以获得任何奖赏。”

Promise: 许诺，承诺。 Promise to do sth: 承诺做某事。Promise 后也可以接that引导的宾语从句。

Eg: He promised to lend me his bike.

翻译：

Promise me (that) you will not waste your time.

翻译：

3. He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on. 他在（棋盘）的第一方格中放一粒米，第二格两粒，依此类推。

And so on : 等等，诸如此类，依此类推。 Eg: This shop sells clothes,shoes, hats and so on.

翻译：

We study politics, Chinese, English and so on.

翻译：

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4. The king quickly realized the problem----even with all the rice in the country, he could still not have enough rice to put on all the squares. 国王很快意识到这个问题，即使用全国所有的大米，也不够他填满棋盘上所有的方格。 Realize: 认识到，意识到，实现 Eg: She didn’t realize her mistake yet.

翻译：

I can realize all my dreams.

翻译：

5.I can teach you how to make more money if you promise to follow my advice. 如果你答应听从我的建议，我能教你怎么样挣更多的钱。 follow my advice 听从我的建议，劝告。 Eg: You’d better follow your parents’ advice.

翻译：

Follow my advice,not my example.

翻译：

6. I can see nothing but an empty field.我能看到的只是一块空地而已。 nothing but： 只有，只不过，不过而已 Eg: He did nothing but complain.

翻译：

7. From then on, he was not lazy any more. 从那时起，他不再懒惰了。 From then on 从那时起， not ....any more 不再 Eg: From then on , he helped me a lot in many ways.

翻译：

He told me not to be late any more.

翻译：

二．句子解析

1. If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares. 如果我赢了，我想要棋盘的第一格放一粒米，第二格两粒，第三格四粒，然后剩下的每格都是前一格的两倍。

（1）if 如果，引导条件状语从句

Eg: If I am free tomorrow, I’ll go to the zoo with you..

翻译： (2) double v 使加倍; adj 两倍的，双的，供两人使用的 Eg: If you double five, you make ten.

翻译：

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2. “Would’t you like gold or silver instead?” 难道你不想要金子或者银子吗？ “No, just rice,” replied the old man. 是的，只要大米。老人回答道。

“Would’t you like gold or silver instead?” 是否定疑问句，用来表示建议，还可以用来表示希望得到肯定答复，惊讶，赞赏，怀疑或者责备等意义。 Eg: Don’t you remember the days when we stayed in Paris? 翻译：

Isn’t it a lovely day?

翻译：

三．经典句记忆

1. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. 一天一位年长的智者来到皇宫，国王邀请他一起下棋。

2. “Would’t you like gold or silver instead?” 难道你不想要金子或者银子吗？

3. The king quickly realized the problem----even with all the rice in the country, he could still not have enough rice to put on all the squares.

国王很快意识到这个问题，即使用全国所有的大米，也不够他填满棋盘上所有的方格。

4. I can teach you how to make more money if you promise to follow my advice. 如果你答应听从我的建议，我能教你怎么样挣更多的钱。

5. I can see nothing but an empty field. 我能看到的只是一块空地而已。

6. From then on, he was not lazy any more. 从那时起，他不再懒惰了。

Listening

掌握小数，时间，日期，百分数等数字的正确读法是听取数字的关键。在听取数字时，只用写出数字形式。

Grammar

（一）基数词

基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。

1 one 11 eleven 100 a hundred 2 two 12 twelve 20 1000 a thousand twenty 3 13 three thirteen 30 thirty 1，000，000 a million 4 four 14 40 forty 10，000，000 ten million fourteen 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100，000，000 a hundred

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million 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1，000，000，000 a billion 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 7 17 seventeen seven 8 18 eighteen eight 9 nine 19 nineteen 10 ten 说明：

1．13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。 2．20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成，注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。

3．其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”，再加个位数构成。如： 81 eighty-one。

4．101—999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如： 691 six hundred and ninety-one。

5．1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。

如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。 6．多位数的读法：

1）1000以上的多位数，要使用计数间隔或逗号“，”。即从个位起，每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand（千），第二个间隔或逗号前是million（百万），第三个间隔或逗号前是a thousand million或a billion(十亿)。

2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数（或个位数）的前面一般要加and。如：

888，000，000读作：eight hundred and eighty-eight million。

（二）序数词

表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。

请见下表： 第一到第十 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh 第十一到第十九 eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth [来源:学§科§网] sixteenth seventeenth 第二十以上 twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth [来源:学科网] 4

eighth ninth tenth eighteenth nineteenth ninetieth hundredth thousandth 说明：

1．英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。 2．表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。

3．其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。

4．少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。

注意：

1．序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。

例如：

第一：(the) first=1st 第二：(the) second=2nd 第三：(the) third=3rd 第五：(the) fifth=5th 第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97th

第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st

2．编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序，但是基数词要后置。

例如： 第一课：Lesson One 第三十二页：Page 32 第305房间：Room 305 第12路公共汽车：Bus No.12

Speaking and Writing

一． 口语经典句型 1. 打电话中的自我介绍

Hello , this is Joyce speaking. 2. 表示提供帮助的经典句型 What can I do for you? 3. 表示加减乘除运算的句型 3 plus 9 equals / is 12. 9 minus 3 equals / is 6.

3 multiplied by 9 equals / is 27. 9 divided by 3 equals / is 3. 二． 写作小贴士

曲线图报告的不同表达方式：

1. 曲线图展示内容介绍 The graph shows that.....

2. 表曲线上升，数字变大 In......, the number rose to... 3. 表曲线下滑，数字变小 In......, the number fell to....

More Practice

一．词汇讲解

1. However, they could only count small numbers in this way. 然而，他们只能用这种方法进行小数目的计数。

In this way 用这种方法

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In many different ways 用许多不同的方法 Eg: Can I finish the work in this way?

翻译：

2. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that the could carry them around easily. 他们经常把这些标记性物品用绳子串起来以便于携带。 So that 为了，以便......引导目的状语从句

Eg: He sat in the front row so that he could see the blackboard clearly. 翻译：

3. This developed into tools like the abacus. 这就发展成为像算盘一样的工具。 Develop 发展，开发 develop into 发展成为

Eg: Ten years later, the small town developed into a big city. 翻译：

4. Finally, people began to develop systems of written marks to show different numbers, and this led to the Hindu-Arabic system(0-9). 最后人们发展到用书面标记的体系来表示不同的数字，这就形成了阿拉伯数字系统(0-9).

Lead to 导致 ，引起，通向 ，过去式为led to Eg: Will the new road lead to the church?

翻译：

二．句子解析

They use them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and the number of animals they had. 他们用这些(记号)来计数，比如一个月的天数，食物的数量和他们拥有动物的数量。

the amount of ......的数量，后面接不可数名词，the number of.....的数目，后面接复数名词。 Eg: She spent a large amount of money shopping online. 翻译：

The number of the boys in our class is 23.

翻译：

三．经典句记忆

1. However, they could only count small numbers in this way. 然而，他们只能用这种方法进行小数目的计数。

2. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that the could carry them around easily. 他们经常把这些标记性物品用绳子串起来以便于携带。

3. This developed into tools like the abacus. 这就发展成为像算盘一样的工具。

学习评价

课堂评价 Reading

一． 翻译下列词组

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1. 很久以前

2. 挑战某人某事

3. 承诺做某事

4. 命令某人做某事

5. 等等，诸如此类

6. 认识到问题

7. 挣钱，赚钱

8. 听从劝告

9. 只有，只不过

10. 从那时起

11. 不再

12. 整年，全年

二． 根据课文内容及所给的首字母完成下面的短文。

Long , long ago, a king in I loved to play chess very much. One day, a w man c him to a game of chess. The king p to give him any p if he won the game. The old man asked for some rice., one grain of rice for the first square of the c , two for the second,four for the third, and double the a for each of the

rest of the squares. The king was glad to hear that. Finally, the king lost the game and soon r that he could not have e rice to put on all the squares even w all the rice in the country.

三．根据中文提示完成下列句子。

1. 她答应这周六来参加我的生日聚会。

She to my birthday party this Saturday.

2. 小偷留下一张纸条向警察挑衅。

The thief a note to the police catch him.

3. 你应该听从父母的劝告努力学习。

You should your to work hard.

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4. 从那时起，他开始在这个城市独自生活。

, he lived alone in this city.

Grammar

一．写出下列基数词的英文形式

2 7 11 12

14 20 40 90

4000 5032

26189 309270

6000000

2780593

二． 写出下列数字的序数词

1 2 3 4

5 8 9 12

20 21 33 42

56 100 101

二．请用数字形式写出所听到的算式

1

2

3

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三．请完成下列数字题目，答案写数字形式 1. 7.32 plus 5.09 equals / is . 2. 19.5 divided by 5 equals / is . 3. 2801 minus 988 equals / is . 4. 69 multiplied by 17 equals / is . 5. 734 multiplied by 2.31 equals / is . 6. 4511 divided by 13 equals / is

Speaking and Writing

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一．略。

二．根据对话内容及所给首字母完成下列对话。

Jane: Hello, Ken! H do you like your new school?

Ken: I like it very much. I had a w week in my new school. I like all the teachers. They are so k . And I think my maths teacher is the best one. He uses a lot of games to h us learn. He m the class really interesting. I really e his class.

Jane: What about your classmates? Do you know the n of students in your class? Ken: Yes , there are 42 students---25 boys and 17 girls. I make some new friends now.

Jane: I’m g to hear that. I h you can have a good t school.

Ken: Thank you,I think I will.

三．用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Hello,is that Thomas (speak). 2. He (copy ) down his new friend’s address and phone number. 3. You didn’t use the word (correct). 4. The music of the film is .(amaze) 5. He went to the hospital and (visit) an old friend. 6. The sun (rise) in the east and sets in the west. 7. He (fall) into the river.

More Practice

一．翻译下列词组

1. 书面的数字 2. 用这种方法 3. 食物的数量 4. 动物的数目 5. 为了，以便.... 6. 导致，引起 7. 发展成

二．语言知识运用

1. Can you solve the problem a different way? A. in B. on C. at D. By

2. He become even at maths because of his hard work. A. good B. well C. better D. Best

3. Can you make sure of the visitors right now?

A. a number of B. the number of C. an amount of D. the amount of 4. The desk is light. I can carry it .

A. easy B.light C.easily D.hardly

5. Do you have a good way of the food fresh without a fridge? A. keep B. keeping C. make D.making

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in your new

三．根据中文提示完成下列句子

1. 人们能从网络上获得大量的信息。

People can get large information from the Internet. 2. 他努力学习以便能够通过考试。

He worked hard he could pass the exam. 3. 俱乐部努力将它的足球运动员培养成世界级的明星球员。

The club worked hard to its players global stars. 4. 他们的愤怒导致了新的战斗。

Their anger new fighting.

阅读专题 (A)

Different countries have different customs in giving presents.

In China you must never give a clock to a Chinese person, because in Chinese the pronunciation of “presenting a clock” is similar to that of “attending upon a dying person” (给某人送终). Also, don’t wrap (用……包裹) a present in white, black, or blue paper, because they are the colours for funerals (葬礼). Don’t give a knife, because something sharp can cut a friendship.

In Russia if you give flowers as presents, you have to give an odd number of them (one, three, five, etc.) because even numbers of flowers are for funerals.

In Germany if you are invited to dinner, flowers are good presents to take to your dinner hostess (女主人), but don’t take her red roses because it means you are in love with her. Don’t take thirteen of anything because it’s an unlucky number. Don’t take an even numbers(双数) of anything, either. Don’t wrap your presents in white, brown, or black paper.

1. What’s the Chinese meaning of“odd number ”？ A. 自然数 B. 偶数 C. 奇数 D. 整数

2. In , thirteen is an unlucky number.

A. China B. Russia C. Japan D. Germany

3. You may take if you go to a birthday party in Russia or in Germany. A. 10 tulips B. 13 carnations C. 9 lilies D. 11 red roses.

4. Why can’t we give a clock to a Chinese ? Because

A. the word “clock ” has the same meaning with the word “knife”

B. the word “clock ” has the same pronunciation with the word “knife” C. the word “clock ” has the same meaning with the word “unlucky”

D. “presenting a clock” and “attending upon a dying person” have the same pronunciation 5. Which of the following is true?

A. Neither Chinese nor Germans wrap presents in black or white paper. B. Do not give a knife as a present in Russia C. Germans do not like red.

D. Don’t take 13 roses to a Russian family.

(B)

“Depend on yourself” is what nature says to every man . Parents can help you . Teachers can help you . Others can help you . But all these only help you to help yourself .

There have been many great men in history . But many of them were very poor in childhood ,

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and had no uncles , aunts or friends to help them . Schools were few and not very good . They couldn’t depend upon them for education . They tried their best to learn something and never gave up till they became successful. One of the most famous teachers in England used to tell his pupils , “I can not make worthy men of you , but I can help to make men of yourselves .”

Some young men don’t try their best to make themselves valuable to the human beings . If they see their weak points and change their ways, they can be successful. They are nothing now , and will be nothing as long as they live , unless they accept the advice of their parents and teachers , and depend on their own efforts .

1. What does “Depend on yourself”in this passage mean?

2. Why did many of the great man in history succeed?

3. Could they have a good education at that time?

4. What can a teacher do for the pupils according to one of the most famous teachers in England? 5. What does the writer ask the young to do if they want to be successful?

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