中考英语一轮复习 - 仁爱版九年级英语教材梳理（2013最新版）

仁爱版九年级英语

第一部分 教材梳理篇

Unit 1

&考点词汇

proper , bell , shut , rope , granny , describe , education , develop , development , communication , quick , sort , rapid , progress , already , succeed , consider , tool , probably , European , population , recent , policy , neither, increase , difficulty , percent , unless , couple , market , excellent , relation , discover , direct , fair ,

invention , medical , provide , conversation , engineer , dead , stairs , skill , purpose , mention , social , abroad

&目标短语

by the way 顺便问一问 in detail 详细地

keep in touch with 跟……保持联系 far away遥远的

make progress 取得进展;取得进步 succeed in doing 成功做…… draw up 拟定，起草 call up 号召;打电话 thanks to幸亏，由于 take place 发生

because of 因为，由于 carry out 执行，贯彻 be short of 短缺 so far 到目前为止

take measures to do sth也采取措施做某事 one fifth 五分之一

work well in doing sth. 在……方面起良好作用 a couple of 一些，几个 keep up with 赶上，跟上 belong to属于

as a matter of fact 事实上.，其实 in need 在困难时，在贫困之中

provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 at home and abroad 国内外

pay for/pay ... for 付款/为……付款

&重点句型

1. —Where have you been , Jane?

—I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.

2. —By the way , where's Maria?

—She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer and she will be back tomorrow. 3. —Have you ever fed them? —Yes , I have. /No, I haven't.

4. My granny has lived in Beijing for more than forty years. 5. China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. 6. But great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 7. —No one likes \—Neither do my parents.

8. —What's more , the population in developing countries is growing faster. —So it is.

9. One is known as the one-child policy.

10. You have been in New York for a long time.

11. The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago. 12. Bobby has been away from the park since 8 o'clock/ for two hours.

&功能意念 1.目的

—Why did you do that?

—I did that in order to protect the trees.

In order to help support their families , they had to be child laborers. It trains them so that they can find jobs again.

Many famous models are going there to model the clothes. —Why are you here today? —I come to see you off. 2. 数量

—How many students are there in your class? —There are forty students in our class.

—How much water do you drink every day? —I drink five glasses of water every day.

Look , it says the world has a population of 6.5 billion. And it is increasing by 80 million every year.

—What's the population of the U. S. A.? —296 million.

&语法精粹 1.现在完成时。

(1) have/ has been to 和have/ has gone to 的用法区别。

(2) 副词already , yet , just , ever , never 在现在完成时中的应用。 (3) for 和since 在现在完成时中的应用。 2. 构词法。

&考点剖析

1.Parents couldn’t afford an education for their children.父母供不起孩子上学。 afford 是及物动词，常与can ，could 或be able to 连用，尤其用于否定或疑问句，表示“买得起或负担得起”常用的句式:afford to do sth;afford sth for sb

My mother couldn?t afford to go school in the past.过去我妈妈上不起学。 The house is too expensive。I can?t afford it at all。房子太贵了，我根本买不起。 2.Luckily ，with the development of china ，many things have changed，and children can get a good education now。幸运的是，随着中国的发展许多事情已经改变了，孩子们现在也可以接受好的教育了。

With development of ...意为“随着...的发展”，with 引导的短语在这里作状语表示伴随状态。

With the development of science and technology ，our life will become better and better 。随着科技的发展，我们的生活会变得越好越好。

He went out with a big box 。他带着一个大箱子走出去。

链接：development 是名词，其动词是develop，形容词是developing“发展中的”和developed“发达的”

China is a developing country while Japan is a developed country。中国是一个发展中国家，而日本是一个发达国家。

3.People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram。人们主要通过书信或电报与远方的亲朋友保持联系。 (1)keep/be in touch with sb .“与某人保持联系；了解某人情况”

I hope we can keep in touch with each other 。我们希望我们彼此能保持联系。 It?s important to keep in touch with the latest research 及时了解最新的研究情况很重要。

链接：常用的与with 搭配的短语有：come up with 追上；想出；找出（答案） get on /along with 与...相处

keep /catch up with 赶上（或超过） go on with 继续

make friends with 与....交朋友 be connected with 与.....相联系

（2）by 表示方式，后接名词或动名词，意为“通过...方法，手段?

I keep in touch with my friends by sending e-mails 我和朋友们通过发邮件来保持联系。

4.I really hate to go to such a place 。我真的愿意去这样的地方 --So do I 我也是

So do I 为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定句情况也同样适用另外一个主体，结构为so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语”

----They can swim well。他们游泳很棒。 -----So can we。我们也游泳得很好。

链接：如果表示上文提到的肯定情况也同样适用于另外一个主体，则用“neither/nor+be /情态动词/助动词+另外一个主语” --I don?t like the weather here。我不喜欢这里的天气。 --Neither /Nor does she 她也不喜欢。

注意：So I do 为非倒装语序。若主语与前句一致，结构为“so+主语+助动词/情态/be 动词”表示“的确如此”。这种结构用于对别人的话作出肯定的反应或表示赞

同的情况。

---She is very beautiful她很漂亮。 ---So she is 的确如此 5.At that time ，China had the largest population in the world and it was not well developed。那时，中国是世界上人口最多的国家，而且经济也不发达。

Population是不可数名词，可以用large/big/small等形容词修饰表示“多少”：等形容词修饰表示\多少\作主语时，谓语用单数形式;针对人口数量提问时，特殊疑问词要用what. 如:

What's the population of China? 中国有多少人口?

China has a population of about 1. 3 billion. 中国有大约13 亿人口。

6. China has the largest population in the world, and about one fifth of the

people in the world live in China. 中国是全世界人口最多的国家，世界上大约五分之一的人生活在中国。 one fifth 五分之一

分数表达法:分子为基数词，分母为序数词;当分子大于1 时，分母的序数词后加s. 如:

1/3 one third 2/5 two fifths

1/2 a/ one half; one second

分数+of +名词作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后的名词。与不可数名词或单数名词连用时，动词一般为单数。如:

Half of the land is covered with trees. 有一半的土地长满了树。 与复数名词连用，谓语动词为复数。如:

Two thirds of the students are doing sports. 三分之二的学生在做运动。

7. It has worked well in controlling China's population. 这项（独生子女)政策在控制中国的人口方面起到了良好效果。

work well in doing sth. \做某事起良好作用或在某事上很有效\， work 意为\产生……作用;有效果\。如:

This kind of medicine works well in curing that disease.这种药治疗那种疾病很见效。

The pills the doctor gave me aren't working. 医生给我开的药不见效。 【链接】work 还可以指\机器;装置)运转，运行\。如: The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。

The bicycle works by electricity. 这辆自行车是电动的。

8. I can't go shopping in big store unless I travel for a couple of hours. 我得花几个小时的时间才能到大的商场去购物。

unless 是连词，用于引导条件状语从句，意为\除非……，如果不…\相当于if...not 。如:

I can't finish my work unless you help me. 除非你帮助我，否则我完不成任务。 此句也可表达为: I can't finish my work if you don't help me. 【链接】as long as引导条件状语从句，意为\只要”且long 剧所引导的从句部分的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:

Y ou can borrow it as long as you're not careless with it. 你可以借去用，只要你小心就行。

9. Well, once they tind people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them. 啊，一旦他们发现人们需要帮助，他们就会找出适当的方式去帮助他们。 once 是连词，意为\一旦，一……就\用来引导 时间状语从句。如:

Once she arrives , we can start. 她一到，我们就可以开始了。 【链接】 once 还可用在一些短语中: once a year 一年一次 at once 立刻

once more/again再一次 once or twice 一两次 once in a while 有时 once upon a time 从前 &细比细看

1. have been to/have gone to/have been in (1 ) - Hello , could I speak to Mr. Brown? -Sorry, he the library.

(2) you ever Beijing? - Yes, it's a beautiful city.

(3) -How long you Harbin? -Twenty year。

【分析比较】 have/has been 切意为\曾经去过某地\但目前已不在那里。(2) 题意为\你曾经去过北京吗?\双方交谈的地点已不在北京。故(2) 应为Have; been to 。have/has gone 表示\去了某地\主要强调人不在说话地点。(1)题意为\请找Mr. Brown 接电话好吗?\对不起，他去了图书馆口\也许在去图书馆的途中，也许已到了图书馆，但主要强调Mr. Brown不在此处。故(1)应为has gone to。have/has been in 意为\在某地(逗留、工作、生活、学习多久)\强调状态延续的时间。(3) 的How long... 意指\你在哈尔滨待多久了?\。 故(3) 应为have; been in 。 2. already/yet/ever/never/just

(1 ) -Have you visited the Great Wall? - Yes , many times.

(2) Hurry up! It's seventeen past ten ! (3) When you arrived , Tom had only left

(4) I have seen such an interesting film before. (5) -Have you watered the plants ? -Yes, I have.

【分析比较】already 意为\已经\多用于肯定句中。这里表示比期待的时间要晚的含义。(2) 题意为\快点!已经十点十七分了!\。故(2) 应为already 。yet 表示\已经，至今，还\多用于否定句和疑问句中。(5) 题意为\你已经浇了植物了吗7\。故(5)应为yet 。ever 意为\曾经\表示到现在为止的任何时候，多用于疑问句中。(1)题意为\你曾经参观过长城吗?\，\是的，很多次。\。故(1)应为ever。never 意为\未曾，从来没有是否定词。(4) 题意为\我以前从未看过这么有趣的电影!\。故(4) 应为never 。just 意为\刚刚，刚才\一般用于肯定句中。(3)题意为\你到时， Tom 才刚走。\。故(3) 应为just 。

3. ago/before

(1 ) I came here a year (2) Haven't we met ? 【分析比较】 ago前面加时段，指过去某一时刻，用于一般过去时，不能与完成时连用。(1)题意为\我一年前来到这儿。\。故(1)应为ago。before 指过去某一时间点之前所发生的事，与现在完成时连用;也可以单独使用，泛指\以前\。(2)题意为\我们以前没见过吗?\故(2) 应为before 4. because/because of

( 1) We had to put off the sport meeting the weather. (2)-Why didn't Jane go to school yesterday? she was ill.

【分析比较】because 引导的原因状语从句，一般放在主句的后面， 主要用于回答why 引起的特殊疑问句。故(2) 应为Because 。because of 后不能接从句，只能接名词(短语)、代词或动名词。(1)题意为\因为天气，我们不得不推迟运动会。\空格后是名词。故(1)应为because of。 5. thanks to/thanks for

(1) inviting us to your birthday party we had a wonderful evening. (2) It is a great success.

a lot of hard work.

【分析比较】thanks to意为\多亏，由于\。问题意为\由于尽心竭力，才取得巨大成功。\。故(2)应为Thanks to。thanks for 意为\为......而感谢\。 (1)题意为\感 谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会，我们度过了一个脸快的夜晚。\。故(1)应 Thanks for。 6. since/for

( 1 ) My brother has worked in this school he came here。 (2) The Germans , have lived in the city ten years. ( 3 ) I have had this book two days ago. 【分析比较】 since 引导的时间状语着眼于动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到说话的时候，因此since之后要接表示过去的具体时间或一般过去时的句子。(1)中he came here 是一般过去时;(3) 中的two days ago是过去的具体时间，故选since 。 for 一般与一段时间连用，强调某动作或状态持续时间的长短。(2) 中ten years 是一段时间，故选for。 7. happen/take place

( 1 ) How did the accident ? (2) No one knows what to him.

(3 ) When does the sports meeting ? 【分析比较】 happen 和take place 都有\发生\之意，分别是不及物动词和动词短语，无被动语态。happen 用于偶然发生的事件;take place 通常用于已计划、安排或人们积极参与的事情，还有\举行\之意。happen 后跟宾语时先加\，故( 1 )应该选happen; (2) 应填happened; take place 有\事先计划、安排好\之意，故(3) 应填take place 。

Unit 2

&考点词汇

bee , waste , stream, breathe , influence , weak , produce ,chest , anyway , coal , deaf, print , disturb , rubbish ,create , industry , blood , behavior, sand , prevent ,although , law, rise , level , plastic ，suppose ,nod ,

agreement， shake , action , technology , electric , wheel ,steel , towel , offer &目标短语

pour... into 把……倒入 be harmful to 对....有害 as a result (作为)结果

in the beginning 一开始;初期 day by day 一天天;逐日 die out 消失，灭亡 cut down 砍倒

change into 转换成，把……变成

prevent/ stop... from 妨碍，防止，预防 human being 人

turn off 关掉(水、电、电视、收音机等) on earth 由在地球上;究竟，到底

millions of 元数的，大量的，数以百万计的 take away拿走

refer to 提到，涉及，有关

take up 占去，占据(时间、空间等) ought to 应该

be supposed to do 应当，应该 on time 准时

neither... nor 既不…..也不 &重点句型

1.The flowers and grass have gone!

2. Look , there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 3. \

The journalist asked Mrs. Zhou if / whether she was feeling better then. 4. \The journalist asked what the environment around that place was like. 5. None of us likes pollution.

6. We should do everything we can to protect the environment. 7. Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees.

8. Humans have come to realize the importance of protecting animals. 9. Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 10. Everyone is supposed to do so.

11. About 35 % of the garbage in Hong Kong can be recycled every year while the

rest can't.

12. There will be increase in electricity needs if they are widely used.

&功能意念 1.责备和抱怨 He's to blame.

She blamed him for coming here late. What do you mean by doing so? Why did you come back so late? How could you lie to me?

Why didn't you tell me the truth? You're always so careless. Y ou shouldn't shout at me.

Anyway , I hope the government will solve this problem soon. None of us likes pollution.

I'm always in a bad mood because I can't stand the environment here. I'm sorry to have said that , but this room is too dirty.

I hate to say this , but it's too noisy. Why don't you do something about it? 2. 时段

- How long have you been in this school?

一I have been in this school for three years since three years ago. 一How long does it take you to get to school? It takes me twenty minutes by bike. - When did you live in Beijing?

一I lived in Beijing from 1996to 1999. &语法精粹

1.直接引语和间接引语。 2. 不定代词和不定副词。 3. 并列句。 &考点剖析

1. Look , there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 看，有几座化工厂往河里排放废水。

(1)句型there be + sb/ sth. doing... 意为\有某人(某物)正在做......\是句中sth. 或sb. 正在进行的动作，作定语。如:

There are many people living in the area now. 现在有许多人住在那个地区。 (2) pour. .. into... 意为\把……倾倒/排放到......里\。如:

Don't pour dirty water into the lake. 不要向湖泊里面排放脏水。 2. Light pollution is harmful to eyes光污染对眼睛有害。

be harmful to sb. /sth. = do harm to sb. /sth. 意为\对某人/某物有害\。如:

Noise pollution not only disturbs others but also does great harm to people's hearing. 噪音污染不仅打扰别人，而且对人们的听力有很大伤害。

Chemicals are harmful to the environment. = Chemicals do harm to the environment.化学制品对环境有害。

【链接】 harmful 的反义词是harmless\无害的. be harmless to sb. / sth. 意为\

对某人/某物无害\。如:

The green foods are harmless to people. 绿色食品对人无害。 3. ... I can't stand the environment here. ……我 无法忍受这里的环境。

can't stand +名词/动名词，表示\不能容忍某事/做某事\。如: 1 can't stand his mistakes. 我无法容忍他的错误。

1 can't stand waiting for you so long. 我无法忍受等你这么久。

4. Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon. 无论如何，我希望政府能尽快解决这个问题。

anyway可是副词，意为\无论如何，反正\用来转换话题、结束话题或回到原话题的过渡语。如:

Anyway , let's forget about that for the moment.咱们无论如何暂时不要提这件事。 Anyway , I must go now. 无论怎样，我现在必须走了。

5. However, not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to human's health.然而，并非所有人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且会对人类健康造成危害。

all 用于否定句中常表示部分否定， not all...常译为\不是所有的都……\。此外， not 与both ， all ,always , every 以及every巧的派生词连用时均表示部分否定。如:Not everybody likes doing sports。由.并非人人都喜欢运动。 Both of my parents don't like sports。由.我的父母不是都喜欢运动。

【链接】neither ， none , nothing , nobody , no one , never 等则表示全部否定。如:

Neither of the students likes reading. 这两个学生都不喜欢读书。 I think nothing is difficult for me. 我认为对我来说一切都不难。

6. Recently, it is reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better

than 65-year-old people do , because these young people always listen to loud pop music. 近来，有报道称，美国许多青少年的听力几乎和65 岁的老人一样差，这是因为这些年轻人总听劲爆的流行音乐。

( 1 ) It is ( was) reported\据报道;有消息说……此结构为被动语态。常见的类似结构有: It is ( was)said that\据说，有人说…… \。 如:

It was said that there used to be an old building here. 据说这儿以前有个古建筑。 ( 2 ) no better than... 意为\同……(几乎)一样差，不比……做得好\相当于almost as bad as... 。

如:Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟糕。 【链接】类似结构: no more than ，其后接数词时意为\仅仅\强调数量少，相当于only 。如:

There are no more than 42 students in my class. 我们班只有42 名学生。

7. Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树木能防风固土。 They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away. 树也能防止水土流失。

stop/prevent sb. /sth. (from) doing sth. \阻止某人/某物做某事”在句中from 可以省略，语意不变。如:

Lucy's parents tried to stop/prevent her ( from)playing computer games. 露西的父母试图阻止她玩电脑游戏。

【链接】keep sb. / sth from doing sth. \阻止(避免)某人/某物做某事\不可以省略，否则会导致语意改变。试比较:

You can put the potatoes in water to keep them from turning black. 你可以把马铃薯放到水里以随变黑。

You can put the potatoes in water to keep them turning black. 你可以把马铃薯放到水里以使其继续变黑。

8. This harms the environment and takes up a lot of space四.这会破坏环境并占据大量空间。

take up 在这儿意为\占据\后面可以跟\空间\或\时间\。如:

The runners took up their positions at the starting line. 赛跑运动员已在起跑线上各就各位。

Learning English takes up most of his spare time. 学习英语占去了他绝大部分业余时间。

9. Everyone is supposed to do so. 每个人都有义务那样做。

be supposed to do sth. \按规定、习惯、安排等)有义务做某事，应该做某事\其否定形式为be not supposed to do sth. 。如:

The students are supposed to finish their homework on time. 学生应该按时完成作业。

You are not supposed to park here. 你不该在这儿停车。

10. First ， you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room. 首先，当你离开房间的时候，你应该关灯。

ought to 情态动词\应该，应当\的意思，一般指道义上有责任或义务去做某事。语气比should 要强，且可表示现在、将来和过去。如: You ought to help your mother do some housework. 你应该帮助你妈妈做些家务。

注意: ought 的否定形式为ought not =ought n?t to疑问形式为Ought... to...?如: Y ou ought not to tell her the bad news. 你不应该告诉她这个坏消息。 一Ought we to set off at once? 我们应该立即动身吗? 一No， you oughtn't to.不，不需要。 &细比细看 1. none/no one

(1) -Who has gone with him? 一

(2)-How many students have been to the West Lake? 一

(3 ) of us has been to Shanghai.

【分析比较】 none 既可指人也可指物，作主语时谓语使用单复数均可，表示三者或三者以上\没有任何人或物\可与of 短语连用。no one 用来指人，不能与of 短语连用。故(3) 选none 。 在简略答语中， no one 用来回答who提问的句子，故(1)选No one。而none 则用来回答how many或how much 提间的句子，故(2) 选None 2. and/or/but/while/so

( 1 ) She came in took her coat off。

( 2) How do you usually go to school , on foot by bike?

( 3 ) He is very clever ， he isn't good at all his lessons. ( 4 ) I am good at English my brother is good at math. (5) My parents are waiting for me ， I have to go now.

【分析比较】and 是表示并列或对等关系的连词。它连接的是对等关系的词、短语或分句。(1)中的\进来\与\脱掉外套\是两个紧承并列的动作，不

存在其他关系，故填and 。or 是表示选择意义的连词。如(2) 中，是对交通 方式状语的提问，句尾给出选择范围，on foot 或者by bike ，从中选择其一。故(2) 填or 。but 与while 是表示转折意义的连词，常可译为\可是，然而”。but 所表达的转折程度较大，常是相对的或相反的。while 表示轻微的转折，其实质是指两种情况或事物的对比。如(3) 中的\聪明\似乎是应该各科成绩优秀，但一转折，使用了but 连接，便有了后面的\不擅长\。(4) 中的\我擅长英语\与\哥哥擅长数学\形成了对比。故填while 。

so是表示因果关系的连词。 它常引出前面原因所带来的结果。\我现在不得不走\的原因是\父母在等我\。故(5) 填so。

3. run away/blow away/wash away/throw away

( 1 ) We can reuse plastic bags rather than them 。

(2) The Great Green Wall can help us stop the wind from.. the earth (3 ) The thief has . We can't catch him.

( 4) The little boy was in the river yesterday.

【分析比较】这四个词组的共同点都是动词加副词away构成的动词词组，但它们的含义却各不相同。run away\流失，逃跑\。

(3)题意为\贼已经逃跑了，我们抓不到他。\故填run away 。blow away\被吹走，刮走\。

(2) 题意为\绿色长城可以帮助我们阻止土壤被风吹走。\同时，由于归stop sth. from doing sth. ，故填blowing away。“wash away\洗掉，冲掉\。

(4) 题意为\这个小男孩昨天被河水冲走了。\故填washed away 。throw away\扔掉，丢掉”。

(1)题意为\我们与其扔掉塑料袋，不如再利用它们。\故填throw away 。

Unit 3

&考点词汇

language , translate , company , general; besides ,whenever, divide , tongue , state , speaker, communicate ,conference , tourist ,. position, Australian , difference ,autumn , victory， pronounce, pronunciation, force , cent,accent ， dare， grammar、copy ，notebook ，repeat , aloud,ability ，toothpaste ，discussion, review, method ，review，method ，complete，text

&目标短语

be ready for 为……准备好

practice( doing) sth. 练习(做)某事 from now on 从现在开始，从今往后 be pleased with 对……感到满意 on business 出差

be similar to 与……相似，与......相像 translate. .. into 把……译成

in general 通常，总的来讲，大体上 once in a while 有日才;偶尔 divide... into... 把......分成……

take the leading position 处于领先地位 face to face 面对面 see... off 为……送行 put out 伸出;扑灭，熄灭 ask for a ride 搭乘，搭车 get in 进入;收获;达到

pick up 让人乘车;搭载;捡起，抬起 fill in/out 填充 come about 发生 take in 吸收;收留 in short 总之;简言之

at times 有时;间或，偶尔 keep a diary写日记

be weak in 在……方面薄弱 make mistakes 犯错误 take a breath 吸一口气 as long as 只要

stick to( doing) 坚持(做)某事

last but not least 最后但同样重要的 keep on 继续(进行) &重点句型

1. Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. 2. I can't wait to fly there!

3. Try your best and work much harder from now on.

4. The English language plays an important part in our lives. 5. You'll have a good chance to practice English there. 6. Is English spoken as the official language in Cuba？ 7. Is it possible that you will have any trouble?

8. In general , he has no trouble understanding people from different countries.

9. Now , students are required to leam English ,and the study of English is regarded as a very important industry in China as well as in the rest of the world. 10. Whenever you need help , send me an e-mail or call me. 11. When are you leaving for Disneyland?

12. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S. A.? 13. I don't know what to do.

14. I dare not speak English in public.

15. I'm sure that you will make great progress as long as you stick to them.

&功能意念

1.语言交际困难

Could you say that again , please? Could you repeat that ， please? What do you mean by killing time? I don't understand.

How do you say... in English?

I don't know how to say/spell that in English. How do you spell it , please?

I'm sorry, I only know a little English.

I can't follow you. Can you speak more slowly , please?., but I dare not speak English in public. I beg your pardon? /Pardon?

Could you make yourself understood in the U. S. A. ?

My difficulty in leaming English is how to get the pronunciation right. ., I was also weak in English. I don't know the word in English. 2. 祝愿和祝贺

Have a good day/time! Have a good journey/trip! Good luck! Enjoy yourself! Best wishes to you.

Let?s keep our dreams alive.

I hope you will have a great future. Happy New Year! Merry Christmas! Happy birthday!

Wish you all the success! Congratulations ! Well done! Thank you. You , too.

The same to you.

&语法精粹

1.一般现在时的被动语态。 2. 现在进行时表示将来。

3.\疑问词+动词不定式\结构。

&考点剖析

1. I can't wait to fly there! 我迫不及待地想飞到那里! can't wait to do sth. \迫不及待地想做某事\。如:

I can't wait 切see him now. 现在我迫不及待地想见到他。

【链接】 can't help doing sth. \忍不住做某事\。如Hearing such a funny story, we can't help laughing. 听到这么滑稽的故事，我们都忍不住大笑起来。 2. Is it possible for you to have any trouble? 你可能会有麻烦吗? possible 意为\可能的\常用于句型It's possible+that 从句。如: It's possible that he will come back on time. 很可能他会准时回来。 【链接】 possible 的用法还有: (1) It's possible + to do sth.如:

It's possible to get there by bus. 可以乘公共汽车到那里。 (2 )as+ adj. /adv. + as possible\尽可能……\如:

We should speak English as much as possible after class. 课后我们应该尽可能多说英语。

(3) 与possible 意思相反的词是impossible\不可能的\。如: I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。

3. In general, he has no trouble understanding people from, different countries , ...总的来说，他与不同国家的人在交流上没什么障碍

have (no) trouble/difficulty doing sth. \做某事(没)有麻烦/困难\动名词前可加in ，也可省略，不接不定式。如:

Many Chinese students have difficulty (in)studying English. 很多中国学生学习英语都有困难。

【链接】 只能接动词ING结构，不能接动词不定式的动词及短语有:succeed in doing Esth. 成功地做某事can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 Do/Would you mind doing sth. ?你介意做某事吗? give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

have (no) 由/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有(无)麻烦/困难

4. Whenever at happens , an interpreter helps him. 每当出现这样的情况，翻译会帮助他。

whenever 在这里意为\每当\它还有\无论何时\之意。如:

Whenever you need help , send me an. e-mail or telephone me. 无论什么时候你需要帮助，给我发邮件或打电话。

【链接】 类似的词还有wherever ， whatever ，whoever

Wherever she goes , there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。

You have o?ur support，whatever you decide. 不管你做什么决定，都会得到我们的支持。

I don't want to see them , whoever they are. 无论他们是谁，我都不想见。 5. Sorry , I can't follow you. 抱歉，我昕不懂你（的话)。 如:

follow 意为\听懂，理解\可接名词、代词或从句，与understand 同义。

Do you follow what I am saying? 你听懂我说的话了吗?

【链接】( 1 )follow 还可译为\跟随\等于 come/ go after。如: The boy followed his father out. 这男孩跟着他父亲走了出去。 (2) follow 意为\沿着;遵循\。如:

These orders must be followed at once. 这些命令必须马上执行。 注意:follow 后不能接动词不定式作宾补。如:

I followed my teacher into the classroom. 我跟随老师走进教室。 而不能表达为: I followed my teacher to go into the classroom.

6. If you want to succeed in making yourself understood... 如果你想让别人昕懂你的话…

understood 是过去分词，作宾语补足语，表被动。make , have , get 等使役动词后可接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。如: You need to have your hair cut.你需要理发了。

If you want to make yourself respected , you are above all to respect others. 如果你想得到别人的尊重，你首先要尊重别人。

7.but I dare not speak English in public.……但我不敢当众讲英语。

dare表示\敢于\与need 一样，既可用作情态动词，亦可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，它只有一种形式，后跟动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实动词时，它有动词的四种形式，即第三人称单数dares ，现在分词daring 以及过去式和过去分词dared ，后跟带to的不定式，可用于一切句式。如: She doesn't dare to say anything. 她什么都不敢说。(实义动词) I daren't tell her the truth.

我不敢对她讲事实。(情态动词)

8. How to improve it was my biggest problem.怎样提高英语水平是我最大的难题。

how to improve it 是不定式短语，在句子中作主语。\疑问词+动词不定式\可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如:

He didn't know whether to go there or not.他不知道是否该到那儿去。(作宾语) The difficulty is how to cross the river. 难题是怎样过河。(作表语) &细比细看

1. be used as/be used for/be used by

(1) English the second language in India and some other countries. (2)The sweater keeping warm.

(3) English most people around the world. 【分析比较】 be used as 意为\被当作……来使用\介词as 是\作为，当作\之意，后一般接工具或相当于工具的词。(1)题意为\英语作为第二语言在印度和其他一些国家被使用。\故填is used as。be used for 意为\被用来干……的介词for 表示用途，后接名词、动名词。(2) 题意为\毛衣是用来保暖的。\说明毛衣的用途，故填is used for 。be used by 意为\被……所使用\介词句意为\被，由后接人或相当于人的词。(3) 题意为\英语被全世界大多数人所使用。\且句子后面是表示人的短语，故填is used by 。 2. the number of/a number of

(1) boks missed from the library·

(2) workers in this factory is increasing. 【分析比较】\可数名词的复数\表示\的数目，数量作主语时谓语动词用单数， (2) 题意为\这家工厂的工人数目正在增加。\故填The number of。

\可数名词的复数\表示\许多作主语时谓语动词用复数， (1 )题意为\图书馆丢了许多书。\故填A number of。 3. reply/answer

( 1 ) Could you my questions? (2)I haven't to his letter yet. 【分析比较】 reply 是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，应加介词to再接宾语，即reply to sb. / sth. ，是正式用语， (2) 后是介词to接宾语，故填replied 。 answer 既是及物动词又是不及物动词，后面可直接跟宾语，即answer sb. / sth. ，意思是\回答;回信;接电话\，(1)后的宾语是question ，故填answer 。 4. sleep/ asleep/ sleepy

( 1 ) The girl felt when she' was watching a play.

( 2) I went into the bedroom quietly because my mother was . (3 ) The boy was so tired that he _____ till next morning.

【分析比较】 sleep 可作动词和名词，意为\睡眠;睡觉\作动词用时是持续性动词， (3) 后接一段时间till next morning，故填slept 。asleep 是形容词，只作表语，意为\睡着的与be ，fall 构成词组， be/ fall asleep 表示睡着的状态，故 (2)填asleep。sleepy 是形容词，意为\困倦，欲睡指想睡这一感觉。(1) 题意为\这个女孩在看电视的时候感到困倦。\故填sleepy。 5. as well as/as well

( 1 ) He can speak English. And he knows French . ( 2) The study of English is regarded as a very important industry in China in the rest of the world.

【分析比较】 as well as 意为\除......之外(也)\，位于句中连接前后对应的成分， (2) 题意为\英语学习除了在中国被视为一项重要的产业之外，在世界的其他地方也一样。\故填as well as。as well 意为\也，还\用于肯定句，一般放在句末，其前不用逗号与句子隔开，(1 )题意为\他会说英语，也懂法语。\故填as well 。 6. except / besides

(1) working as a doctor , he also writes novels in his spare time.

(2)We work everyday Sunday.

【分析比较】 except 和besides 都可以作介词。

except 表示仅有某事物不包括在内。(2) 题意为\我们除了星期日外，每天都工作\。一周七天排除了星期日，故填except 。besides 表示除……之外(还) 。 (1)题意为\作为一名医生，他还在工作之余写小说.\。工作和写作都没有耽误，故填Besides 。

Unit 4

&考点词汇

hero , prove , achieve , master , introduction , expect , dry，doubt , tiny ,

cancel ,connect , screen , reply , search , metal , toothbrush , ink , recorder , clone ,

experiment , servant , housework , research , basic , coach , storm, beyond , separate , tower , prison , praise &目标短语 send up 发射 no doubt 无疑地 For instance 例如

turn on 打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等) connect to 连接，相连 click on 单击，点击 search for搜索

For certain 确切，肯定

make a contribution to 为……作贡献 run away逃跑;失控

be based on 以……为基础(根据) hand in 上交;交纳 Throw away扔掉 &重点句型

1. So I advise you to study hard to make computers serve us better.

2. There is no doubt that computers are very useful in technology and business. 3. For example , tiny computers inside patients' bodies can keep their hearts beating normally.

4. Mr. Lee told us not to spend too much time playing games. 5 . They are also making the workplace safer and better. 6. --What's it made of /from? 一It' made of /from. 7. - What's it used for?

一It's used for helping us to improve our English. 8. - Where was it developed? 一一It was developed in Korea. 9. - When were they invented? 一They were invented in 1985.

10. I don't think aliens can be found in space. 11. Other planets may be visited in the future. 12. More satellites must be sent into space.

13. One scientist warns that if robots start to think for themselves , they will no longer want to be our servants , but our masters.

14. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.

15. It can also be used to study the shape of the earth.

16. No one knows for certain , but most people think that robots will be part of our lives.

17. The gravity on the surface of Mars is about two fifths as strong as it is on the earth.

18. It has been/is two days since we landed on Mars. &功能意念 1.希望和愿望

I wish to go there some day. Steven wants to be a painter. I hope to get together with them.

I wish I could go into space some day. I hope your dream will come true. I hope so. I hope not.

I wish I were younger. 2. 可能与不可能

It's likely to rain this afternoon.

It's likely that you will lose this game. It's not likely to snow soon.

Usually a fever may cause a headache.

It's impossible to finish so much work in an hour. He may not come so early.

It is possible that you will have some trouble. But I don't think aliens can be found in space. Other planets may be visited in the future.

I'm not sure whether/if robots will make humans lose their jobs. Perhaps Alex will sit in a coffee shop.

Maybe Ru i will make friends with Beijing people. --Mr Wang must be in the office now. The light is on. -It can't be him. Yesterday he left for France.

Robots can take the place of humans to do hard and boring work in some work situations.

He can/may come today. It may snow tonight. &语法精粹

1.动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态。 3. 含有情态动词的被动语态。 &考点剖析

1. So I advise you to study hard to make computers serve us better. 因此我建议你努力学习使电脑更好地为我们服务。

( 1) advise sb. to do sth. \建议某人做某事. 如:

Police are advising fans without tickets to stay away警察正告诫没有票的球迷离去。 (2)make sb. do sth. \让某人做某事do sth. 是 宾语补足语。如:

I made him work hard. 我迫使他努力干活。

[连接] 类似advise 后常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: allow , ask , encourage , expect , get , hate , help , invite ,lead , order ,teach ,remind ,request , tell , warn wish 等。

在feel ，have , hear , let , listen to , look at , make ,notice , see , watch 等使役动词和感官动词后，复合宾语中的动词不定式不带to 。动词help 后的不定式的to 可以省去，也可以保留。如:

He helps the little girl( to) finish her homework everyday. 他每天帮助这个小女孩完成她的家庭作业。

注意:感官动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时，其后的不定式必须带to. 如: The young man was often seen to draw by the lake. 人们经常看到那个年轻人在湖边画画。

2. There is no doubt that computers are very useful in technology and business. 毫无疑问，电脑在科技和商业领域非常有用。

There is no doubt that... \无疑地……，毫元疑问。如: There is no doubt at all that we. did the right thing. 毫无疑问，我们做得对。

3. First, turn on your computer and connect to the Internet. 首先打开电脑，然后连接因特网。

connect. .. to...\使……连接，接通\。如: First connect the printer to the computer. 首先把打印机与计算机连接。

[连接] connect 还可构成connect... with/and... ' \把……与……联系起来\。如:

A good student should connect what he reads with what he sees around him. 一个好学生应把所读的东西与他周围所见的事物联系起来。

4. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen. 只要天气好，能看见星星，这种方法在晚上就很有用。 as long 引导条件状语从句，意为\只要……就……且as long as 所引导的从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如: Y ou can borrow it as long as you're not careless with it. 你可以借去用，只要你小心就行。

注意: as long as 还可指原级比较与……一样长\。如: This ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺与那把尺一样长。

5. But I don't think aliens can be found in space 但是我认为在太空中找不到外星人。

I think/believe/ guess/ suppose 后接的宾语从句如 表达否定意义，否定须前置。如:

I don't believe that he will come back tomorrow. 我相信他明天不会回来.

注意:上述句型的反意疑问句，其附加疑问部分的主语应与宾语从句的主语保持一致，否定前置还要转移到宾语从句中。如:

I don't believe that he will come back tomorrow, will he? 6. Life may be found on other plants some day.

将来某一天人类或许可以在其他星球上发现生命。

may 可以表示许可或推测，意为\或许，可能\但只用于陈述句中。如: Take a raincoat with you. It may rain.带着雨衣，可能会下雨。 [连接] 表示可能性的情态动词有may ，can , could , must , might ，但用法各有不

同。

(1 )may 表示可能或猜测，通常用于肯定和否定陈述句中，指现在或将来的可能性。如:

She may come this evening. 她今晚可能来。(将来的可能性) He may not be at home. 他可能不在家。(现在的可能性) (2) 如果表示对过去\可能性\的猜测，要用\过去分词\， may 表示的可能性比might 更大。might 是may的过去式，只有在过去时间的语境中才可表示过去的\许可\或\可能\。如:

She may/might have had an accident. 她或许出了事故。

He explained he might be late for school because of the heavy rain. 他解释道，他可能会因大雨而上学迟到。

(3)can 表示\可能性\可用于各种句式，在否定句中表示\不可能\。如: What can she mean？ 她可能是什么意思呢？(用于疑问句)

The moon can't always be at the full. 月亮不可能总是圆的。(用于否定句) Y ou can find him in the classroom. 你可以在教室找到他。(用于肯定句)

(4 )must 在肯定句中可表示\一定\的意思，即表示不可避免性、肯定性、可能性等意思。

如:You must be tired. 你一定累了。 (5) 要推测说话时正在进行的事情，可用\现在分词\要推测过去的事情，可用must have+过去分词\。如:

You must be joking! 你一定是在开玩笑。

7. The gravity on the surface of Mars is about two-fifths as strong as it is on earth. 火星表面的引力大约是地球表面引力的五分之二。

倍数表示法:倍数词( half, twice , three times...)+as +形容词或副词原级+齿。如: This box is four times as heavy as that one. 这个盒子是那个盒子的4 倍重。 8. It has been two days since we landed on Mars. 我们登上火星已经两天了。 用It 作主语谈论时间时，常与since 连用。常用的结构为: It has been +一段时间+ since +从句。如

It has been a long. time since they left.他们已经离开很久了。 {连接】这种结构有两个同义结构: (1) It is +一段时间+ since +从句。

(2) 主语+ have/has + been +地点+ for +时间段。如: It is two years since I came to No. 5 Middle School.

= It has been two years since I came to No. 5 Middle School. I have been at No. 5 Middle School for 2 years. 我来到第五中学已经两年了。 &细比细看

1. be made of /be made from /be made by/be made in /be made into (1)This cell phone America.

(2) The cake my mother yesterday. (3) Metal can all kinds of things. (4 )The desk wood. (5)The wine grapes. 【分析比较】be made of 指\用……制造的\表示原材料未经化学变化，从成品中

仍可看得出原料。(4)题意为\这张桌子是用木头做的。\故填is made of。

be made from 指\用......制造的\表示原材料经过化学变化，从成品中已看不出其原料。(5) 题意为\这酒是用葡萄做的。\故填is made from 。be made by 指\由... ... (人)制作\后接表示人的名词或代词， (2) 题意为\这蛋糕是我妈妈昨天做 的。\故填was made by 。

be made in 指\产于......\后接表示地点的名词， (1) 题意为\这种子机是在美国制造的。\故填is made in.

be made into 指\某物)被制成......\题意为\金属可以制成各种各样的物品。\故填be made into。

2. send... into /send up/send for/send out /send... to

(1) They've built another space station. They will___ __it___ __ sometime next year. (2) Y our mother is ill. ___ __you a doctor yet?

(3 ) As we know , China has become the third nation to___ __ people___ __ space. (4) The sun ___ __heat and light___ __the earth. (5)The sun ___ __light and heat.

【分析比较】send ... into 意为\把……送进……，使……进入……\题意为\中国己成为把人送人太空的第三个国家。\故填send... into。send up 意为\把……往上送，发射\，(1)题意为\他们又建了个宇宙空间站，明年某个时候就会把它 发射上去。\故填send up。 send for 意为\派人去请\相当于ask sb to come , (2) 题意为\你妈妈病了，你派人请医生了吗?\句末又有yet ，故填Have ; sent for。send out 意为\分发，发出\， (5) 题意为\太阳发出光和热。\故填sends out. send... to 意为\把......送到，把……送给\题意为\太阳把光和热送到地球。\故填sends into 。

3. invent/ discover

(1) Roentgen( 伦琴)___ __X -rays. (2) Edison ___ __the electric light lamp.

【分析比较】 invent 意为\发明\指生产、制造以前未曾有过的东西，往往是物质上的东西， (2) 题意为\爱迪生发明了电灯。、\电灯以前并不存在，故invented。 discover 意为\发现，发觉\指发现的事物原已存在，只是先前未被人知道、认识或挖掘到而己，(1 )中的X - rays 是客观存在的，只是未被人发现而己，故填discovered。

4. turn on/turn off/turn up/turn down

( 1 ) Remember to ___ __the lights before leaving the room. (2) Please___ __ the light for me , it's getting dark.

(3 ) I feel a little cold and I'd like to___ __the heat( 暖气) a little. (4) Please ___ __the radio a little , I'm trying to sleep.

【分析比较】turn on\打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)人(2) 题意为请帮我把灯打开，天黑了。\故填turn on. turn off\关掉(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)\题意为\离开房间前记得要关灯。\故填turn off。turn up\开大，调高\题意为\我感到有点儿冷，我想把暖气开大一点儿。\故填turn up 。turn down减少，关小\题意为\请把收音机关小一点儿，我想、睡觉。\故填turn down。 需要注意的是turn down/turn up 可以搭配表示

程度的副词，如: a little。而tum on/ turn off 不能搭配程度副词。 5. hope/ wish/expect/look forward to

(1 )I___ __ you a happy new yeah.

(2)I ___ __that I will visit the Great Wall next Sunday. (3)We were ___ __him to arrive yesterday. (4)I___ __ really___ __ the holidays.

【分析比较】 hope侧重于考虑，并相信有可能达到或实现的愿望，后面常跟that 从句或不定式，但不能接复合宾语。(2) 题意为\我希望下星期天我能参观长城。\表达的是可能达到或实现的愿望，故填， hope. wish 表示实际不可能或难以实现的愿望，可接复合宾语wish 还常用于祝贺语中。(1)表示祝福，故填wish. expect 强调\预计\把握较大， expect sb. to do sth “期望某人做某事\。自由预期、预计做某事\， (3) 题意为\昨天我们一直期盼着他的到达。\故填expecting。 look forward to 表示期望某事，认为它会发生，并因此而感到高兴。to 为介词，后接名词或动名词，即look forward to( doing) sth.且常用进行时态。(4) 题意为\我确实盼望着放假\。故填am looking forward to。 6. at a distance of/in the distance

(1 )Mars goes around the sun 一一一about 228 million kilometers.

( 2 ) The way he shows things 一一is different from the way Gu Kai zhi does. [分析比较] at a distance of 意为\相隔\题意为\火星在相隔大约228 ，000 , 000 千米的地方绕着太阳转。\故填at a distance of。in the distance 意为\在远处，在远方\， (2) 题意为\他描绘远景的方式与顾皑之不同二\故填in the distance。

Unit 5

&考点词汇

fetch , introduce , fantastic , tale , island , enemy , flat ,below , freeze , thick , wheat , plain , license , pioneer, captain , sail , coast , pride , trade , prize , president ,leader , safety, fear , pupil , instruction , owner, private ,tail , correct , promise , chess , thirsty , hungry , memory , dismiss, discovery &目标短语

a great number of 一些，许多 lie in 位于

hear of 听说，知道

connect. .. with 与……相连接 be known …作为……而著称 break down 损坏;分解;抛锚 pass away 去世;悄失 come to an end 结束 die of 死于……

bring down 打垮，击败;减少 be full of 充满……的

wipe out 彻底消灭，全部摧毁 neither... nor... 既不……也不…… in memory of...为了纪念.. &重点句型

1. China is a great country that has about 5000 years of history.

2. It's a book which introduces China in detail.

3. It's Mount Tai that/which lies in Shandong province. 4. That's the most fantastic place that I have ever heard of.

5. Many tourist attractions there are well worth visiting，such as Sudi Causeway，the Broken Bridge and Leifeng Pagoda.

6. Northern people are used to eating food that is made with wheat flour , while rice is the main food of southern people.

7. Could you tell me something about the places (that/which) you visited there? 8. It seemed that we experienced four seasons in a day.

9. The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose themselves in it. 10. Taiwan is considered the Treasure Island of China.

11. He was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have iiú1uenced many people in different countries.

12. Unfortunately, Sun Yatsen broke down from hard work and passed away full of regret on March 12th , 1925.

13. He was a great man whose sayings are still famous now.

14. He was a Ming dynasty explorer ( whom/ who ) the Chinese people are proud of. 15. The Red Army faced the danger of being wiped out by the KMT.

16. We can go to either Beihai Park or Shichahai Park. They are both wonderful places to visit.

17. Neither my mother nor my father likes it, but I like it very much. 18. Not only Tom but also I have a car. 19. Both my father and I like it a lot.

20. It also plays an important part in Chinese festival.

21. People invented Chinese chess in memory of the famous battle.

22. Firewood , rice , oil , salt , sauce , vinegar and tea are necessary to begin a day. &功能意念 原因和结果

Her English is poor, so I often help her.

My old coats are so short that I want to buy some new ones.

Because of our country?s one-child policy, now most families have only one child. The government gives support to poor families, so children in cities and village can get a good education.

Since she did not feel well, she stayed at home. - Why do most of the buildings have yellow roofs?

一Because yellow was a symbol of imperial power in ancient China. As he was ill, he couldn't come to school.

Due to the heavy fog, the planes were delayed.

The reason is that he is not careful enough in his work. It is so dark that I can not see anything in the room. &语法精粹 1.定语从句。

2. 连接词以及主谓一致。 &考点剖析

1. China is a great country that has about 5 000 years of history. 中国是一个有约五千年历史的大国。

由at 在此引导定语从句，指代先行词country ，在从句中作主语。如: Mr. Li will give a lecture that introduces the folk music in China. 李老师将会做一次讲座，介绍中国的民间音乐。

【链接】 此句也可用with 短语来表达，用作country 的后置定语。 China is a great country with a history of about5000 years.

2. If you want to learn more, 1 can fetch you Guide to China. 如果你想了解更多，我可以拿《中国指南》给你。

fetch 意为\去某地并把某物取回/某人带回\后常接双宾语， fetch sb sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 如:

Jim left the classroom to fetch Mr. Smith the glasses.=Jim left 也.e classroom to fetch the glasses for Mr. Smith.

吉姆离开教室去给史密斯先生取眼镜。

注意:双宾语中sth. 如果是名词，两种结构fetch sb. sth， fetch sth. for sb. 都可以;如果sth. 是代词it或them 时，则适用于fetch sth. for sb. 结构。

3. The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose themselves in it. 景色如此迷人，游喜经常陶醉其中。

lose oneself in 意为\沉迷于;专心致志于\。如:

She lost herself in the beautiful music. 她沉醉于美妙的乐曲中。 【链接】lose 为动词，过去式和过去分词为lost ， (1)遗失，丢失。如:

I've lost my keys. 我把钥匙丢了。 (2) 损失，丧失，失去。如:

She lost a leg in a car crash. 她在一次车祸中失去了一条腿。 Many people lost their lives. 有许多人丧生。 The ship was lost at sea. 那条船在海上失事了。 (3 )被打败;输掉。如:

We lost to a stronger team. 我们输给了一支实力更强的队。 He lost by less than 100 votes. 他以相差不到100张选票败北。

(4) lost 作形容词时意为\迷路的，迷失的\常用于短语be/get lost (迷路)中;loss 为名词，意为\丧失，丢失\。

4. In his thirties, Confucius began to teach. 孔子30 多岁时开始讲学。 in his thirties 在他三十多岁时

in + one's +基数词( one 以上用复数)意为\在某人……多岁时\。如: He went abroad in his twenties. 他在二十多岁时出国了。

5. In the autumn of 1933, the Red Army faced the danger of being wiped out by the KMT. 1933 年秋，红军面临着被国民党歼灭的危险。 face 在此句中是动词，意为\面对，面临\。如: She turned and faced him. 她转过身来面对着他。 Most of 出e rooms face the sea. 多数房间面朝大海。

She had to face the fact that her life had changed forever. 她得正视她的生活己永远改变了这一事实。

【链接】 face 常用作名词，意为:

(1)脸，面孔。如:

The expression on his face never changed. 他的面部表情总是一成不变。 (2) 表情。如:

Her face lit up when she spoke of the past. 她讲到往事时就面露喜色。 (3 )(某类型)的人。如:

She looked around for a familiar face. 她环顾四周想寻找一个熟人。 (4) 面;表面。如:

the north face of the mountain 山的北坡

常用短语: make faces/ a face (at sb. )\对某人)

做鬼脸\丢脸，失面子\面对某种处境\face (with sb. )\与某人)面对面\

6. It also plays an important part in Chinese festivals. 它（龙）在中圈节目中也扮演着重要角色。

play a /an.. part=play a/ an... role 意为\扮演一个…盼..角色也有\起…...作用，有……影响\之意。如:

Television plays an important part in our daily life. 电视在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。

7. He encouraged people to carve their suggestions on it, and promised to follow the good ones. 他鼓励人们建议却在它（华表）上面并答应采纳其中好的建议。 promise 功词，意为叫叮?答喜应;保证;承诺;许诺接不定式、宾语从句和双宾语。如:

He has promised to help me with my English. 他答应帮助我学英语。

They promised that they would give us an immediate answer.他们保证立即给我们作出答复。

Mother promised Tom a new bag. 妈妈答应给汤姆买一个新书包. Mother promise 还可用作可数名词，意为\承诺;诺言\常和动词rnake， keep , break 等连用。如:

If you make a promise you should keep it. You ought not to break it.体若许下诺言，就应该遵守，而不应该违背它。 &细比细看

1. break down/break out

(l) My bike ___ on my way to school yesterday. So I was late.

(2) Flood___ along the Huai River in Anhui Province in the summer of 2007.

【分析比较】break down 意为\停止运转，出故障\题意为\昨天在我上学的路上，自行车坏了。所以我迟到了。故填broke down。break out 意为\爆发，突然发生\题;意为\年夏天，安徽省淮河沿线爆发了洪水。故填broke out。 2. be known as/be known for/be known to (l )Anhui ___ Mount Huang.

(2) Yao Ming ___ a basketball player.

( 3 ) The boy ___ the teachers as a naughty one. 【分析比较】be known as 意为\作为……而出名后跟表示职位、身份等的词， (2) 题意为\姚明作为一名篮球运动员而出名。飞运动员表示身份，故填is known as。

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