女权和女公民权宣言

Man, are you capable of being just? It is a woman who poses the question; you will not deprive her of that right at least. Tell me, what gives you sovereign empire to oppress my sex? Your strength? Your talents? Observe the Creator in his wisdom; survey

in all her

grandeur that nature with whom you seem to want to be in harmony, and give me, if you dare, an example of this tyrannical empire. Go back to animals, consult the elements, study plants, finally glance at all the

modifications of organic matter, and surrender to the evidence when I offer you the means; search, probe, and distinguish, if you can, the sexes in the administration of nature. Everywhere you will find them mingled; everywhere they cooperate in harmonious togetherness in this immortal masterpiece.

男人，你们真的公平吗？是女人提出了这个问题；你至少不能剥夺她提出问题的权利。告诉我，是谁给了你们压迫我的性别的权利？是你们的力量吗？还是你们的才能？看看造物主的智慧；回顾那你们欲与之和谐共存的辉煌的大自然，然后，如果你们敢的话，[从自然界]给我[找出]一个像你们这样暴虐统治的例子吧!回到动物当中看看，请教请教［化学］元素，研究研究植物，最后看一眼有机界的一切变异，然后，向我给你们的这些证据低头认错吧！如果你能的话，不如搜索一下，调查一下，区别一下，那自然界中的性别吧！在每一个角落，你都会看到它们联系（混合）在一起；在每一个角落，它们都在大自然（那永垂不朽的作品）当中和谐共存，共同合作。

Man alone has raised his exceptional circumstances to a principle. Bizarre, blind, bloated with science and degenerated - in a century of enlightenment and wisdom - into the crassest ignorance, he wants to command as a despot a sex which is in full possession of its intellectual faculties; he pretends to enjoy the Revolution and to claim his rights to equality in order to say nothing more about it.

男人自己已经把他们[相对与自然界的两性平等而]例外的状况，当作一种[理所当然的]原则了。［他们］怪诞、盲目、因科技而自我膨胀、堕落——在一个启蒙和智慧的世纪里——进入到最愚笨（不顾及他人感受的）的歧视当中，他们妄图发号施令，就像一个暴君，一个垄断着理性思维能力的性别；他们自命支持［法国］大革命，宣布他们的平等权利，以便于不必再说更多的话。（不必再顾及女人的权利）

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen

女权和女公民权宣言

Mothers, daughters, sisters [and] representatives of the nation demand to be constituted into a national assembly. Believing that ignorance, omission, or scorn

for the rights of woman are the only causes of public misfortunes and of the corruption of governments, [the women] have resolved to set forth in

a solemn declaration the natural, inalienable, and sacred rights of woman in order that this declaration, constantly exposed before all the members of the society, will ceaselessly remind them of their rights and duties; in order that the authoritative acts of women and the authoritative acts of men may be at any moment compared with and respectful of the purpose of all political institutions; and in order that citizens' demands, henceforth based on simple and incontestable principles, will always support the constitution, good morals, and the happiness of all.

Consequently, the sex that is as superior in beauty as it is in courage during the suffering of maternity recognized and declares in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following Rights of Woman and of Female Citizens.

母亲们，女儿们，姐妹们，国家的这些代表们要求［取得］参加国民大会[的资格]。妇女们相信，歧视、忽视或对妇女权利的轻视是［妇女的］社会不幸和政府腐败的唯一原因。她们决定，庄严宣告她们天赋的（自然的）、不可转让的神圣的妇女权利，以便于使这份经常性地对全体社会成员公开的宣言不断地提醒妇女[意识到]自己的权利和义务；以便于妇女的权力行为（法案）（authoritative acts）和男人的权力行为在任何时候都能相提并论，被郑重（受尊重地）作为一切政治制度的目的；以便于使公民的要求，从今以后能够建立在简单和不可否认（无可争辩）的原则的基础上，能永远支撑起宪法、良好道德和全体人民的幸福。 因此，那正受到母性束缚的、既美丽又勇敢的性别，在上帝的在场和支持下，认可并宣布女权和女公民权如下。

Article 1

Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on the common utility. 第一条

妇女生来就是自由的，在她们的权利方面和男人是平等的。（在权利方面，妇女生来而且始终是自由的，和男人是平等的。）社会分工（区别）只能建立在这一普遍原则（效用）的基础上。（只有在公共利用上面才显出社会上的差别。） Article 2

The purpose of any political association is the conservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of woman and man; these rights are liberty, property, security, and especially resistance to oppression. 第二条

任何政治结合的目的都是为了保护妇女和男人的自然和不受时效限制（不可动摇）的权

利；那就是：自由权、财产权、安全权，还有反抗压迫的权利。 Article 3

The principle of all sovereignty rests essentially with the nation, which is nothing but the union of woman and man; no body and no individual can exercise any authority which does not come expressly from it [the nation]. 第三条

任何主权的原则，根本上取决于人民（国家；民族），而人民不过是男人和女人的联合体；没有任何一个组织或个人可以行使未经人民明确授予的权利。 Article 4

Liberty and justice consist of restoring all that belongs to others; thus, the only limits on the exercise of the natural rights of woman are perpetual male tyranny; these limits are to be reformed by the laws of nature and reason. 第四条

自由和公正是指从事一切无害于他人的权利（由恢复所有其他人的东西组成的）；那么，妇女行使她们自然权利的唯一限制，就是持续的男性暴政。这些限制将被自然法律和理性所革除。

Article 5

Laws of nature and reason proscribe all acts harmful to society; everything which is not prohibited by these wise and divine laws cannot be prevented, and no one can be constrained to do what they do not command. 第五条

［只有］自然法律和理性宣告一切对社会有害的行为；任何没有被这些明智的、天赐的法律禁止的[事]都不受禁阻，而且任何人都不能被强迫去做法律没有规定[他们去做的]事。 Article 6

The laws must be the expression of the general will; all female and male citizens must contribute either personally or through their representatives to its formation; it must be the same for all: male and female citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, must be equally admitted to all honors, positions, and public employment according to their capacity and without other distinctions besides those of their virtues and talents. 第六条

法律必须代表（是）公意；每一个女性和男性公民都必须（有权）亲自，或通过代表来参与立法；法律对任何人都应该是一样的：无论是男性还是女性公民，在法律面前一律平等，对于任何荣誉、地位和公职都应该是平等的，只根据能力[授予]，不因除了他们的道德和才干之外的区别［而有所差别］。 Article 7

No woman is an exception: she is accused, arrested, and detained in cases determined by law. Women, like men, obey this rigorous law. 第七条

没有妇女例外：妇女只能根据法律被指控、逮捕和拘留。妇女和男人一样，遵守严谨的

法律。

Article 8

The law must establish only those penalties that are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one can be punished except by virtue of a law established and promulgated prior to the crime and legally applicable to women. 第八条

法律只能进行严格的、明显是必需的处罚，而且除非由在犯罪之前制定并公布的、对妇女来说是合适的法律[处罚]，没有人能被处罚（不能处罚任何人）。 Article 9

Once any woman is declared guilty, complete rigor is [to be] exercised by the law. 第九条

即使任何妇女被宣布有罪，酷刑都应该被依法严惩。 Article 10

No one is to be disquieted for his very basic opinions; woman has the right to mount the scaffold; she must equally have the right to mount the rostrum, provided that her demonstrations do not disturb the legally established public order. 第十条

任何人都不能为他最基本的权利而忧虑（被干涉）；妇女有权登上看台；她们必须享有平等的权利登上讲台，只要她的演讲不违反法定的公共秩序。 Article 11

The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the most precious rights of woman, since the liberty assures the recognition of children by their fathers. Any female citizen thus may say freely, I am the mother of a child which belongs to you, without being forced by a barbarous prejudice to hide the truth; [an exception may be made] to respond to the abuse of this liberty in cases determined by the law. 第十一条

自由交流思想和观点的权利，是妇女最宝贵的权利之一，既然这一自由使孩子认识他们的父亲，那么，任何女性公民[也]都可以自由地说，“我是你孩子的母亲”，而不被野蛮的偏见强迫着隐藏这一事实；［除非是］法定的滥用这一自由权（言论自由）的行为，［才可以禁止］。

Article 12

The guarantee of the rights of woman and the female citizen implies a major benefit; this guarantee must be instituted for the advantage of all, and not for the particular benefit of those to whom it is entrusted. 第十二条

女权和女公民权的保证必然包含一项主要的利益；这一保证必须是为全体[妇女和女公民]制定的，而不是专门为了有利于被委托［制定这一保证］的人。 Article 13

For the support of the public force and the expenses of administration, the contributions of woman and man are equal; she share all the duties [corvees] and all the painful tasks; therefore, she must have the same share in the distribution of positions, employments, offices, honors and jobs [industrie]. 第十三条

为了支持公共武装力量和行政管理支出，女人和男人的贡献是平等的；妇女承担所有[应承担的]义务（徭役）和辛苦的工作；那么，她们必须同样享有在地位、职业、职务、荣誉和就业方面的［平等］分配。 Article 14

Female and male citizens have the right to verify, either by themselves or through their representatives, the necessity of the public contribution. This can only apply to women if they are granted an equal share, not only of wealth, but also of public administration, and in the determination of the proportion, the base, the collection, and the duration of the tax. 第十四条

女性和男性公民有核实公共捐款（赋税）必要性的权利，无论是亲自还是通过代表。赋税只有在妇女得到平等的负担——不仅是财产，还有公共管理——的情况下才能[征收]，并且要由[女性和男性公民]决定它的税率、客体（基础）、征收方式和持续时间。 Article 15

The collectivity of women, joined for tax purposed to the aggregate of men, has the right to demand an accounting of his administration from any public agent. 第十五条

全体像男人那样纳税的妇女，都有权要求知道任何公共部门的行政事务（要求政府向其报告工作）。 Article 16

No society has a constitution without the guarantee of the rights and the separation of powers; the constitution is null if the majority of individuals comprising the nation have not cooperated in drafting it. 第十六条

任何社会都不会有一部没有权力的分立和权利的保障的宪法；如果组织国家的大部分人没有参与起草宪法，这部宪法就是无效的。 Article 17

Property belongs to both sexes whether united or separate; for each it is an inviolable and sacred right; no on can be deprived of it, since it is the true patrimony of nature, unless the legally determined public need obviously dictates it, and then only with a just and prior indemnity. 第十七条

财产同属于两性，无论是共同的还是分开的；对任何人来说，这都是不可侵犯的神圣权利；任何人的财产都不能被剥夺，因为它是自然的真正遗产，除非是［出于］合法的既定公共需要的命令，而且必须要先有公平的补偿[才能征用他人的财产]。 Postscript

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